汉英翻译2省译及增词和删减.ppt
Addition&Omission in C-E Translation,Huang Xiaojun,Outline,1.Omission2.Addition,省译,内容：原文结构视为当然、甚至必不可少、而译文结构视为累赘的词语；目的：保证译文简洁明了、严谨精炼,1.省译表范畴的词语,表示范畴的词语如：“任务”，“工作”，“情况”，“状态”，“方法”，“途径”，“领域”等说服工作persuasion自满情绪arrogance紧张局势tension,疯狂行为madness测量办法measurement讨论的范围涉及中美关系、中俄关系The discussion covers Sino-U.S.relation and Sino-Russian relation.中国现时的农业生产的发展状况the present development of Chinas agriculture,省译重复词语1.同词重复2.异词同义重复,省译重复语,1.同时，科学也需要创造，需要幻想。At the same time,science also calls for creativeness and imagination.2.增强自立意识、竞争意识、效率意识、民主法治意识和开拓创新意识。Increase the awareness about self-reliance,competition,efficiency and democracy and the rule of law,as well as the pioneering and innovation spirit.,我们党必须始终代表中国先进生产力的发展要求，代表中国先进文化的前进方向，代表中国最广大人民的根本利益。Our party must always represent the development trend of Chinas advance productive forces,the orientation of Chinas advanced culture,and the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of people in China.,名词、动词等的省译,1.直起身又看看豆，自己摇摇头说：“不多不多！多乎哉？不多也。”Then straightening up to look at the peas again,he would shake his head.”“Not much!Verity,not much,forsooth!”2.他能力强，人品好，办事勤快，显然会步步高升的。In the light of his aptitude,personality and diligence,he will surely be promoted soon.,解释性词语的省译,1.千姿百态的各式彩龙在江面游弋，舒展着优美的身姿，有的摇头摆尾，风采奕奕；有的喷火吐水，威面八风。On the river itself,gaily decorated dragon-shaped boats are displaying their individual charms to their hearts content.One boat wags its head and tail;another spits fire and sprays water.,2.江岸上彩旗林立，彩灯高悬，旌旗飘摇，呈现出一派喜气洋洋的节日场面。High-rise buildings ornamented with colored lanterns and bright banners stand out along the river banks.,省译没有实际意义的词语,由于汉英语言的差异，汉语中修饰词堆砌有时并不显得累赘，但一字不漏地译成英语则会显得多余，有时甚至会损害原意的表达。因此，碰到这类情况时因按照英语的习惯，省略汉语中不必要的修饰词。,现代汉语中有滥用修饰语的倾向：,开会没有不隆重的；闭幕没有不胜利的；讲话没有不重要的；鼓掌没有不热烈的；看望没有不亲切的；接见没有不亲自的；进展没有不顺利的；完成没有不圆满的；成就没有不巨大的；工作没有不扎实的；效率没有不显著的；反对没有不强烈的交涉没有不严正的；抢救没有不及时的；损失没有不惨重的；设计没有不合理的；技术没有不先进的；贯彻没有不彻底的；,例：过去的历史*past history改译：history例：伟大的历史性胜利*great historic victory改译：historic victory（historic本身就含有great的意思）,1.我们要大力发扬求真务实，勇于创新的精神。We must carry forward and promote the spirit of practicality,truth-seeking and courage in innovation.2.狠抓管理，安全生产。Improving management and ensuring safe production.,从文化角度省译词语,1.问：”今年几岁了？”答：“属猴的，十二岁了。”“How old are you?”“I am twelve now.”2.当他六岁时，他爹就教他识字。识字课本既不是五经、四书，也不是常识国语，而是天干、地支、五行、八卦、六十四卦名等学起，进一步便学些百中经、玉匣记、增删卜易、麻衣神相、奇门循甲、阴阳宅等书。,When he was six,his father started teaching him some characters from books on the art of fortune-telling,rather than the Chinese classics.,Addition,所谓增词译法，就是在原文的基础上添加必要的单词、词组，分句或完整句，从而使得译文在语法、语言形式上符合译文习惯和在文化背景、词语联想方面与原文一致起来，使得译文与原文在内容、形式和精神方面都对等起来。,语法增补,一.增补冠词1.他在那个大学里任英语教员。He worked as an English teacher in that university.2.这些是我想看的小说。These are the novels I want to read.,二、增补代词1.有失才有得。You cannot make omelets without breaking eggs.2.活到老，学到老。No one is too old to learn.3.没有水，就不能生存。We cannot live without water.,4.只有播种才有收获。One must sow before one can reap.5.他耸耸肩，摇摇头，两眼看天，一句话不说。He shrugged his shoulders,shook his head,cast up his eyes,but said nothing.6.她用手蒙住脸，好像是为了保护眼睛。She covered her face with her hand as if to protect her eyes.,7.请原谅，打断一下。Excuse me for interrupting you.8.扇扇子时我们感到凉快些。We feel cooler when we fan ourselves.9.他们躲藏起来了。They hide themselves.,三、增补动词1.别傻里傻气。Dont behave foolishly.2.打字机价廉物美。The typewriter is low in price and fine in quality.3.金杯牌充气床垫工艺先进，结构新颖，造型美观，款式繁多，舒适大方，携带方便。,The“Golden Cup”brand air-filled bed cushions are made in advanced technology.With novel structure,beautiful shape and various patterns,they are comfortable and convenient to carry.,四、增补介词1.星期天上街去了。We went to the street on Sunday.2.一九四九年中华人民共和国成立。The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949.3.明天坐车去公园。We are going to the park by bus tomorrow.,4.公共场所禁止吸烟。Smoking is prohibited in public place.五、增补连词1.我帮助他，他帮助我。I help him and he helps me.2.你不去，我也不去。I wont go if you are not going.,3.留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。As long as the green mountains are here,one should not worry about firewood.4.我们有船、有人、有钱、有各种物品。We have ships,and men,and money and stores.,六、增补it1.他感到帮助别人是他义不容辞的责任。He feels it his burden duty to help others.2.他表明了他不可能这样做。He made it clear that it was impossible for him to do so.3.你这样想是很自然的。It is natural for you to think so.,语义增补,1.谁都知道朝鲜战场是艰苦些。Every one knows that life on the Korean battlefield was rather hard.2.报考大学的人，有工作经验的优先录取。University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not.,3.科技事业要提倡顾全大局。The spirit of taking the whole situation into consideration is advocated in the cause of science and technology.4.王子犯罚，与庶民同罪。When anyone among the people breaks the law,he too should be punished.,八、文化增补,1.三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮。Three cobblers with their wits combined would equal Chukeh Liang the master mind.2.世有伯乐，然后有千里马，千里马常在而伯乐不常在。Only when the world has Pailo,who knows about horses,can there be fine steeds that can cover a thousand li a day.There are always fine steeds,but a Pailo cannot be frequently found.,3.铁饭碗“iron rice bow”,Chinas system of lifetime job and income security.,4.开绿灯 turn on the green light(provide conveniences for certain affairs,so that they could proceed smoothly)5.八股文 Eighth-part essay prescribed for the imperial civil service examinations-known for its rigidity of form and poverty of ideas,“望文生义”False Friend,由于中英两种语言产生的背景不同，在寻找词义相符的对应词语时，容易找到貌似对应的假对应词，即指称意义、言内意义或语用意义看似与原文相符，实则相异的词语。这种假对应词在翻译中常常被称为“假朋友”。,白菜white cabbageChinese cabbage救火to save a fire To fight a fire大片big movieBlockbuster,不冻港non-freezing portIce-free port隐形眼镜invisible glassesContact lenses新闻自由freedom of newsFreedom of press买一赠一buy one,present oneBuy one,get one free省吃俭用to save food and expensesTo live frugally,密码 secret code password口水 mouth water saliva手机 hand phone mobile phone洗牌 to wash.to shuffle.早恋 early love puppy love青春痘 youth spot acne,蝴蝶结 butterfly knot bow长镜头 long lens zoom lens方便面 convenient noodles instant noodles牛仔裤 cowboy trousers jeans,课堂测验 classroom exam pop-quiz流动资金 circulating funds working capital拳头产品 fist product knockout product,
