新编大学英语第四册Unit3GenderDifferences课件.ppt

Unit Three,Gender Differences,Gender difference is a term used to refer to social characteristic that distinguish men and women.These include such things as differences in hair styles,clothing,family responsibilities,occupational roles,acceptable behavior and other culturally learned activities and traits.All of these differences are linked to the non-biological notions of masculinity and femininity which vary from one culture to another.,Gender Differences,Scan the differences between men and women.Then work in groups to decide whether the characteristics are mens or womens according to the information you get.,Do you know that?,Click the picture to get the answer,suffer more illnesses have a higher rate of colorblindness have a larger brain are more likely to have a heart attackhave more fearslive longerlike diamond shapesmiss more work,Who will do the following things,man or woman?Could you think of similar ones as many as possible about the different personality of man and woman?,Pay$200 for a$100 item needed.,Pay$100 for a$200 item arent needed.,Worries about the future until gets the other one,Never worries about the future until gets the other one,One who makes more money than the other can spend.,The one who has the last word in any argument.,The one who says Anything after that is the beginning of a new argument.,One who can find such a person.,To be happy with a man,you must understand him a lot and love him little.To be happy with a woman,you must love her a lot and not try to understand her at all.,Man and Woman,A woman marries a man expecting he will change,but he doesnt.A man marries a woman expecting that she wont change,and she does.,Women love cats.Men say they love cats,but when women arent looking,men kick cats.,A woman knows all about her children,best friends,favorite foods,secret fears and hopes and dreams.A man is vaguely aware of some short people living in the house.,Possible characteristics of the ideal husband/wife:Ideal husbandtall,handsome and strong 2)capable of supporting a familyIdeal wife 1)beautiful and healthy 2)warm-hearted,Ideal Wife and Ideal Husband,Directions:Work in pairs and discuss the following questions.,1)From your point of view,what are the characteristics of the ideal wife and the ideal husband?,2)Would the ideal wife and the ideal husband have been different in your parents generation and in your grandparents generation?If so,how?,In-Class ReadingGender Roles from a Cultural Perspective,It has been proven repeatedly that the various types of behavior,emotions and interests that constitute being masculine and feminine are patterned by both heredity and culture.,Introduction(Para.1),Teachers called on males in class far more than on female students.(Para.2),Development(Para.2-4),Teachers assigned boys and girls different tasks according to stereotyped gender roles.(Para.3),Gender-biased education is also reflected in the typical American teachers assumption that boys will do better in science subjects while girls tend to have better verbal and reading skills.(Para.4),There is a cultural bias in education that favors boys over girls.,Educational bias begins at home and develops at school,which in turn reinforces its established values and turns out each gender in its traditional and expected mold.,Conclusion(Para.5),Over the past few decades,it has been proven innumerable times that the various types of behavior,emotions,and interests that constitute being masculine and feminine are patterned by both heredity and culture.(Line 1),It has been proven(innumerable times)that,被（无数次）证明,译 文,Example,现已证明吸烟可以引起很多疾病。,Now it has been proven that smoking can cause many diseases.,已经无数次地证实感冒不是由于受到非常恶劣天气的影响造成的。,It has been proven innumerable times that colds are not caused by being subjected to very bad weather.,宇宙在增大的说法已经被证实了。,It has been proven that the universe is expanding.,pattern n.模式；方式；图案 e.g.Sentence patterns 句型；living patterns 生活方式；,他以一个他钦佩的人为自己模仿的榜样。,Hepatternedhimselfaftera man he admired.,他的女子气是小时候他母亲经常把他打扮成小姑娘和他常和小女孩玩耍的结果。,His femininity is patterned by his mother always dressing him like a girl and his playing with girls in his childhood.,Example,v.form the character,qualities,etc.,(of oneself)by copying 形成的性格/品质，学的样,Over the past few decades,it has been proven innumerable times that the various types of behavior,emotions,and interests that constitute being masculine and feminine are patterned by both heredity and culture.(Line 1),在过去的几十年里，已经无数次地证实了这样一个事实：构成男子阳刚之气和女子阴柔之气的各种不同类型的行为、情感、和兴趣都既是遗传又是文化熏陶的结果。,In the process of growing up,each child learns hundreds of culturally patterned details of behavior that become incorporated into its gender identity.(Line 3),译 文,in the process of 在的过程中,Example,在适应陌生人习惯的过程中，在校大学生可以学会如何应变去适应新情况。,In the process of adapting to a strangers habits,undergraduate students can learn how to change to suit new conditions.,在城市建设和开发的过程中，对周围环境的破坏真的不可避免吗？,Is the destruction of surroundings really unavoidable in the process of city building and developing?,be/become incorporated into 合并成,他们已经把她的建议纳入他们的新计划中。,They incorporated her suggestions into their newplan.,这个小商行已经并入了一家大公司。,The small firm has been incorporated into a big company.,Example,In the process of growing up,each child learns hundreds of culturally patterned details of behavior that become incorporated into its gender identity.(Line 3),在成长的过程中，每个孩子学会了各种行为举止，数量之多数以百计，这一切都带有文化的烙印，成为他们性别特征的一部分。,Instead of being encouraged to develop intellectual curiosity and physical skills that are useful in dealing with the outside world,as boys are,girls are filled with fears of the world outside the home and with the desire to be approved of for their“goodness”and obedience to rules.(Line 54),译 文,girls are filled with and with是全句的主句,instead of being encouraged 的主语是 girls,that are useful in dealing with the outside world 是定语从句，修饰intellectual curiosity and physical skills,be filled with有两个宾语，一个是 fears of the world outside the home,另一个是 desire to be approved of for their“goodness”and obedience to rules,be approved of sth.赞成，欣赏，变成被动语态时不能省略 of,approve v.赞成，赞同；批准，通过,这个建议在会议上得到了福斯特先生的赞同,This proposal was approved of by Mr.Foster at the meeting.,数月的迟疑不定后，市长办公室最终批准了建新医院的计划。,After months of indecision,the mayors office has finally approved the plans for a new hospital.,Example,obedience to sb.(sth.)(名词短语)服从，遵从某人（某事）,他要求下级服从他。,Hedemandedobediencefromhisinferiors.,奴隶们不得不服从他们的主人。,Theslavesgave/showedpassiveobediencetotheirmaster.,Example,孩子们对于强壮的父亲很顺从，却在操持家务的母亲面前很调皮。,Children are obedient to a strong father,but naughty with a domestic mother.,女孩们不像男孩那样受到鼓励去发展求知欲和身体技能，尽管这些正是与外部世界打交道时有用的；女孩们被灌输的是对自己家外面的世界的恐惧和因优良品格和服从精神得到赞同的欲望。,Instead of being encouraged to develop intellectual curiosity and physical skills that are useful in dealing with the outside world,as boys are,girls are filled with fears of the world outside the home and with the desire to be approved of for their“goodness”and obedience to rules.(Line 54),These lessons carry over from the home to the classroom,where girls are generally observed to be more dependent on the teacher,more concerned with the form and neatness of their work than with its content,and more anxious about being“right”in their answers than in being intellectually independent,analytical,or original.(Line58),句中“where or original”是非限制性定语从句，修饰前面主句中的名词“classroom”。其中“to be moremore.,and moreoriginal”是并列的主语补足语，说明人们看到的女孩的情况。,译 文,句型 more（adj.）than 用于比较两个事物，比更加（）,Example,知道如何学习比只记住一些事实或一个公式总是要重要得多。,It is always more important to know how to study by oneself than to remember some facts or a formula.,我认为先找个工作干一、两年要比直接继续深造更有益。,I think that taking a job for a year or two is more beneficial than continuing my education directly.,carry over（使）继续下去，把从一个范 围扩大到另一个范围,文章转入下一页。,The article carries over on to the next page.,这个习惯是从他的童年时代保留下来的。,The habit carries over from his childhood.,Example,These lessons carry over from the home to the classroom,where girls are generally observed to be more dependent on the teacher,more concerned with the form and neatness of their work than with its content,and more anxious about being“right”in their answers than in being intellectually independent,analytical,or original.(Line58),这类教诲从家庭一直延续到课堂。于是，在课堂里我们常常可以看到女孩们更依赖教师，更注重作业的形式和整洁而非内容，更在乎她们所给的答案是否“正确”而不在乎智力方面的独立自主以及分析能力或创造能力的提高。,gender(n.)(tittle)the physical or social condition of being male or female 性别（强调社会性别）,请完成下面的句子。,Exercise,_ should not be ignored in todays society.性别不平等在当今社会是不容忽视的问题。,Sometimes _ will result in some social problems.有时候性别差异会导致一些社会问题。,gender differences,Gender inequality,同义词比较 sex(line 20,Para.2)n.the condition of being either male or female;the set of all male or female people 性别,男性或女性（强调生理性别）,male sex,男性,Translation,请在性别一栏填代表男性的字母”M”或代表女性的字母”F”。,In the space marked“sex”,put an“M”for male or an“F”for female.,female sex,女性,相关词语,masculine(line 2,Para.1)adj.relating to or being considered typical of men,in contrast to women 有阳刚之气的，有男子特点的,feminine(line 3,Para.1)adj.having qualities that are considered to be typical of women,especially by being gentle,delicate,and pretty 阴柔的，妇女(似)的；娇柔的,male(line 23,Para.2)adj.男性的；雄性的 n.男人；雄性动物,female(line 23,Para.2)adj.女性的；雌性的 n.女子；雌性动物,Exercise,The girl is rather _ in appearance.,masculine,Today discrimination(歧视)against _job-seekers still exists.,female,As we know,_ animals are more aggressive under attack.,male,请用 masculine，feminine,male 或 female 填空。,_ education needs more social concern.,Feminine,1.to form or make up;be 组成，构成；形成，成为,the 50 states that constitute USAYour attitude constitutes a direct challenge to my authority.,2.to formally establish or appoint 制定，设立；任命,Governments should be constituted by the will ofthe people.,constitute v.(line 2),辨析,comprise,辨析,comprise,1.+n.to consist of(parts)包含，包括,The United Kingdom comprises England,Wales,Scotland,and Northern Ireland.a commission of inquiry comprising three eminent judges and three members of the public,2.(of parts)to form 组成,Fifteen separate publics comprised the Soviet Union.,To be continued,试比较下列用法：,The United Kingdom consists of/is composed of/comprises England,Wales,Scotland,and Northern Ireland.,2)England,Wales,Scotland,and Northern Ireland constitute/comprise the United Kingdom.,to unite(one thing)with something else already in existence 结合；合并；收编,1)incorporate the letter into her diary 2)incorporate your suggestion into the new plan3)The small company is incorporated into Haier Group.,incorporate into(line 5),其他用法,incorporate with 合并,Mr.Smiths company is incorporated with othersmall companies.,bias(Line 13,Para.2)n.a prejudice or preference that interferes with a fair judgment 偏见，成见,他们抱怨那份报纸报道那个事件的方式存在偏见。,They complained of bias in the way the newspaper reported the incident.,Translation,That employee should be evaluated without any bias.,在评价那位员工的时候不可以存在偏见。,相关词语 biased(line 21,Para.2)adj.preferring one person,thing,or idea to another in a way that is unfair 偏袒一方的，有偏见的,请完成下面的句子。,Exercise,_who was his neighbors son.那位评委支持三号候选人，他肯定是有偏见的。因为该候选人是他邻居的儿子。,In the United States,almost all the news media _.在美国，几乎所有的媒体在立场上都会偏向某一个政党。,are biased towards one political party or the other,The judge was biased in favor of the third candidate,impact(Line 24,Para.2)n.1)(+on)an esp.strong or powerful influence or effect caused or produced by an idea,invention,event,etc.影响,效果(常与介词on连用),常用结构：have/make an impact on 对 产生影响,请完成下面的句子。,Exercise,Yang Yangs gold medals in the 2002 Olympic Winter Games _.大杨扬在2002年冬奥会上获得的金牌对于中国体育的影响是深远的。,电脑和手机对现代生活的影响是巨大的。Computer and mobile phone _.,have had/made a,have a profound impact on the,Chinese sports,great impact on modern life,2)the force of one object hitting another碰撞,冲击,Translation,撞击给机器的表面造成了严重的损伤。,The impact caused serious damage to the surface of the machine.,泰坦尼克号撞击冰山的致命事故本来是可以避免的。,Titanics fatal impact(致命的)into the iceberg should have been avoided.,participant(n.)(Line 25,Para.2)a person who takes part or has a share in an activity or event 参与者,共享者,这次比赛的参赛者据说都来自非洲国家。,All participants in the match are said to come from African countries.,Translation,他也是即将到来的英语演讲比赛的参与者之一。,He is also one of the participants in the upcoming English speaking competition.,动词形式：participatev.(+in)rather formal:to take part or have a share in an activity or event(与in连用)参与,参加,分享,分担,请完成下面的句子。,Exercise,Lots of students of our school _ in the blood donation.我们学校的很多学生都自愿参加献血活动。,It is reported that astronauts Fei Junlong and Nie Haisheng _.据报道说航天员费俊龙和聂海胜将参加开幕式。,will participate in the opening ceremony,are willing to,participate,名词形式：participation(line 29,Para.2)n.the act or process of taking part in an activity or event参与，参加,subordination(n.)(Line 30,Para.2)inferiority;an inferior or secondary status 从属，次要地位,Translation,我们应该学习他总将自己的意愿服从于孩子们的幸福的做法。,We should learn from his subordination of his own wishes to the childrens welfare.,从某种程度上说，男尊女卑仍旧存在于社会生活的很多方面。,Male domination and female subordination,to some degree,still exist in many aspects of social lives.,相关词语,subordinate,(1)v.(+to)（常与to连用）使居次要地位；隶属,(2)adj.(+to)（常与to连用）次要的,从属的,下级的,(3)n.下属，下级,前缀sub-用法小结：,sub-表示“副；分支；下级”例如：subworker副手,subeditor副编辑,subcommittee 小组委员会,subagent副代理人,unknowingly(adv.)(Line 33,Para.3)in a way of not realizing what one is doing or what is happening 不知不觉地,很多孩子在不知不觉中成了网络游戏的牺牲品。,A great number of children are unknowingly becoming the victims of online games.,Translation,在不知不觉中她喜欢上了京剧。,She has been unknowingly interested in appreciating Beijing Opera.,unknowingly的构成：knowknowingunknowingunknowingly,assign(Line 34,Para.3)v.1)give someone a particular job or make them responsible for a particular person or thing 分配，分派，指派（任务）,请完成下面的句子。,Exercise,分派给她的工作是照顾无家可归的孩子。She _ looking after the homeless children.,has been assigned the job of,After completing the task successfully,his brother _.在成功地完成了那项任务之后，他的哥哥被分派了另外一项有挑战性的工作。,was assigned another challenging job,名词形式：assignment,Could you tell me todays English assignment?,你能告诉我今天的英语课后作业吗？,Translation,His assignment was to follow that stranger.,他的任务是跟踪那个陌生人。,a duty or piece of work that is given to a particular person(分派的)任务,指定的(课外)作业,accordance(n.)(Line 35,Para.3)in accordance with:in a way that fulfills or agrees with 常用固定搭配为 in accordance with 与.一致,按照，依据,请完成下面的句子。,Exercise,He has already cancelled the meeting _.根据他的上司的命令，他已经取消了那次会面。,in accordance,_,the sports channel of CCTV interviewed famous figure skaters Shen Xue and Zhao Hongbo.按照观众的愿望，中央电视台体育频道专访了著名花样滑冰运动员申雪和赵宏博。,In accordance with viewers wishes,with his superiors orders,相关单词：accord,政府的决策应该符合人民的基本利益。,The decisions of the governments should accord with the fundamental interests of the people.,Translation,What he said does not accord with what actually happened.,他所说的并不符合事实。,vi.fml(+with)to be the same(as);agree 符合，与一致（常与with连用）,deprive(vt.)(Line 39,Para.3)固定短语：deprive sb.of sth.,v.to take away from;prevent from using or having 剥夺,使丧失,请完成下面的句子。,Exercise,That law will _.那部法律将剥夺他们的最基本的权利。,deprive them of their most basic rights,Due to taking excitant,that athlete has already been _.由于服用兴奋剂，那个运动员已经丧失了参加奥运会的资格。,deprived of the right to take part in the