幻灯片英语教师网.ppt

非谓语动词,1(2011年高考大纲全国卷)The island，_ to the mainland by a bridge,is easy to go to.AjoiningBto joinCjoined Dhaving joined解析：句意：这个岛屿由一座桥和大陆相连，很容易到达。join与the island之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处用过去分词。答案：C,2(2011年高考大纲全国卷)Sarah pretended to be cheerful，_ nothing about the argument.Asays BsaidCto say Dsaying解析：句意：萨拉假装很开心，对那次争论只字未提。Sarah和say之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故此处用现在分词形式。答案：D,3(2011年高考山东卷)Look over theretheres a very long,winding path_up to the house.Aleading BleadsCled Dto lead解析：句意：看那儿有一条很长的，蜿蜒曲折的小路通向那座房子。leads 用作谓语动词，本题的 there be 句型中已有 is，故排除B项，path与1ead之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，又由题中的动词 look可以判断 lead 这一动作不是表示将来的动作，故可以排除过去分词短语和不定式短语充当的后置定语，即排除C、D两项。在本句中leading up to the house 作后置定语，修饰path，相当于定语从句which leads up to the house。故选A。答案：A,4(2011年高考天津卷)Passengers are permitted_only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.Ato carry BcarryingCto be carried Dbeing carried解析：句意：乘客只被允许带一件手提行李登机。该题考查permit 的固定搭配be permitted to do sth.(被允许做某事)的用法。动词不定式在permit sb.to do 中作宾语补足语，但在be permitted to do 中作主语补足语。可排除B、D选项。to carry是动词不定式一般式的主动形式，而 to be carried则是动词不定式一般式的被动形式。根据 passengers 与 carry 之间的主动关系可确定选A项。答案：A,5(2011年高考上海卷)Today we have chat rooms，text messaging，emailing.but we seem _the art of communicating facetoface.Alosing Bto be losingCto be lost Dhaving lost解析：句意：现在我们有聊天室，能传递文本信息，还可发电子邮件但是我们似乎正在失去面对面交流的技能。考查非谓语动词作表语。seem后通常用动词不定式，排除A和D两项；此处非谓语动词后有名词the art of communicating facetoface作其宾语，所以排除C项(被动形式)，故选B。答案：B,动词不定式一、动词不定式作主语不定式短语作主语时，如果主语较长，往往在句首用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式)移到谓语动词之后，形成“it谓语(作主语的)不定式”结构，以避免头重脚轻，保持句子结构的平衡。,典例1It is my honor _here to spend some time with you.Ato be invited BinvitingCbeing invited Dto invite解析此处表示具体的某一次动作，应用不定式结构，故排除B、C。根据逻辑关系可知，“我”是“被邀请”，因此用动词不定式的被动式。故选A。此时前面的It只是形式主语，后面的不定式才是真正的主语。答案A,二、动词不定式作表语动词不定式可作表语，通常说明或解释主语的内容，也可表示将来的动作。典例2The purpose of new technology is to make life easier，_it more difficult.Anot making Bnot makeCnot to make Dto not make解析前面用动词不定式作表语说明新技术的目的，后面用不定式的否定式作表语，进一步说明新技术的作用。不定式的否定形式是在不定式的标志词to前加not。故答案为C。答案C,三、动词不定式作宾语英语中有一部分动词常跟不定式作宾语。常见的这类动词有：agree同意；fail未能；promise保证；afford承担得起；forget忘记；refuse拒绝；happen碰巧；attempt试图；hesitate犹豫；seek试图；determine决定；prepare准备；pretend假装等。典例3There were many talented actors out there just waiting_.Ato discover Bto be discoveredCdiscovered Dbeing discovered解析discover与many talented actors之间是动宾关系，且强调将来，故用不定式的被动语态。答案B,四、动词不定式作宾补1有些动词(短语)后面常接带to的不定式作宾语补足语。常见的这类动词有：advise劝告；force迫使；instruct指示；ask要求；intend打算要；beg请求；expect期望；invite邀请；forbid禁止；remind提醒；urge激励；order命令；permit允许；teach劝诫；wish希望；persuade说服。动词短语有：call on，count on，rely on，depend on，long for，wait for等。典例4We cant count on a man like Jim _us the necessary help.Ato give BgivingCto be given Dgiven解析count on sb.to do sth.表示“依靠(指望)某人做”。答案A,【特别提醒】hope,welcome,agree,suggest,demand不能跟sb.to do。()hope sb.to do sth.应改为 wish/expect sb.to do sth.()welcome sb.to do sth.应改为 sb.be welcome to do sth.()agree sb.to do sth.应改为 allow/permit sb.to do sth.()suggest sb.to do sth.应改为advise sb.to do sth./suggest sb.(should)do sth.()demand sb.to do sth.应改为require sb.to do/demand sb.(should)do sth.,2在think，consider，believe，find，feel，know，declare，prove，suppose，imagine等词后面，常跟“to be形容词(也可以是名词或反身代词)”结构，但在主动语态中to be常可以省去。典例5We sometimes imagine a desert island _a sort of paradise，where the sun always shines.Abe BbeingC不填 Dis解析表示“想像某人/某物”，用imagine sb./sth.(to be)n./adj.结构，其中to be可省略。答案C,3有些动词，主要是感官动词和使役动词，它们可后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，如：see，notice，observe，feel，hear，have，make，let等，但如果是在被动语态的句子中，就要用带to的不定式作主语补足语。典例6My parents have always made me _about myself，even when I was twelve.Afeeling well Bfeeling goodCfeel well Dfeel good解析表示“使某人做”，用make sb.do sth.结构，后面用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。feel good意为“感觉好”。well也可以用作形容词，但其意思是“健康的”。答案D,五、动词不定式作定语1不定式用在the first，the second，the last，the only等短语后面作定语。典例7His first book _next month is based on a true story.Apublished Bto be publishedCto publish Dbeing published解析考查非谓语动词作后置定语。由时间状语next month可知所填非谓语动词表示将来的动作，用动词不定式，其逻辑主语与publish之间存在动宾关系，故用不定式的被动式，故选B。答案B,2不定式常放在某些名词或代词后面作定语。不定式作定语与被修饰的中心词之间常表现为主谓关系或动宾关系。The next train to arrive was from New York.(主谓关系)It was a game to be remembered.(动宾关系)典例8(2011年高考湖南卷)The ability_an idea is as important as the idea itself.Aexpressing BexpressedCto express Dto be expressed解析句意：表达观点的能力和观点本身同等重要。ability后通常跟动词不定式(短语)作后置定语，故排除A、B两项；此处the ability与express是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动意义，故排除D项。答案C,六、动词不定式作状语1不定式作原因状语。不定式也可跟在某些形容词或动词后面作原因状语。典例9We were astonished _the temple still in its original condition.Afinding Bto findCfind Dto be found解析考查非谓语动词。句意：我们吃惊地发现那座寺院仍然处于原始状态。空格处为动词不定式作状语，表示原因。答案B,2不定式作目的状语。不定式作目的状语既可放在句首也可放在句尾。为了加强语气，也可用“so as to do”或“in order to do”结构作目的状语。in order to既可放在句首也可放在句尾，so as to较少置于句首。典例10With Fathers Day around the corner，I have taken some money out of the bank _presents for my dad.Abuy Bto buyCbuying Dto have bought解析句意：父亲节将要到来，为了给爸爸买礼物我已经从银行取了一些钱。动词不定式作目的状语。“买礼物”这一动作发生在“从银行取了一些钱”这一动作之后，所以可排除D项。答案B,3不定式作结果状语。具体形式如下：“tooadj.adv.to do”意为“太而不能”，“adj.adv.enoughto do”意为“足以”，“only/just to do”表示出乎意料的结果。典例11Do you think you are brave enough _bungee jumping?Atrying Bin tryingCto try Dand try解析adj./adv.enough后用不定式作结果状语。答案C,七、“疑问词动词不定式”结构疑问词“what/how/when/where/which动词不定式”结构可作主语、表语、宾语等。典例12As a journalist you should first decide what events _before you make some interviews.Areported Bto reportCto be reported Dreporting解析考查“疑问词不定式”结构作宾语。动词report的逻辑主语是you，因此在此处应用不定式的主动语态。答案B,动名词动名词主要起名词的作用，在句中作主语、宾语、表语以及定语，不能作状语，有各种形式的变化。一、动名词作主语动名词可直接放在句首作主语。在一些句子中，常用it作形式主语，而把能用作真正主语的动名词放在后面。it is后可接no use，no good等名词，也可接useless，nice等形容词。典例1In my mind，_that famous university will be the only way to become a world class writer.Aattending BattendedCattend Dhaving attended解析动名词短语作主语，表示笼统的行为。又因该句没有明确的时间状语，不强调动作的完成，故排除D项。答案A,二、动名词作宾语1有些动词(短语)后面要求跟动名词作宾语。常见的后跟动名词作宾语的动词有：admit承认；excuse原谅；postpone拖延；practice练习；consider考虑；delay耽搁；imagine想像；deny否认；suggest建议；enjoy喜欢；escape逃避；permit允许等。常见的后跟动名词作宾语的动词短语有：cant help，feel like，leave off，put off，keep on，give up，look forward to，devote to，get used to，pay attention to，be fond of，be worth等。,典例2The man denied _anything in the supermarket when he was questioned by the police.Ato have stolen Bhaving been stealingChaving stolen Dto steal解析从后面的“when he was questioned”判断，动作已经发生过。此处表示这个人否认偷过东西，强调动作产生的影响；此处用deny doing sth.表示“否认做过某事”。故此处应用动名词的完成式。答案C,2在have difficulty(trouble，problem，a hard time，fun，a good time)(in)动名词；be busy(in)动名词；waste time(in)动名词；lose time(in)动名词；there is no point(in)动名词等结构中，动名词作介词in的宾语，in常省去。典例3I had great difficulty _the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.Afind BfoundCto find Dfinding解析have difficulty(in)doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”。答案D,典例4Robert is indeed a wise man.Oh，yes.How often I have regretted _his advice!Ato take BtakingCnot to take Dnot taking解析regret doing sth.“后悔已做某事”，动作已发生；regret to do sth.“后悔要做某事”，动作还没有发生。此处表示“后悔没有听取他的建议”，事情已发生，故用regret doing sth.，动名词的否定形式是在doing前加否定词not。答案D,三、过去分词与现在分词现在分词在句中可用作表语、定语、状语等。过去分词在句中作定语、状语以及表语，不能作谓语。1分词作表语现在分词作表语常常表示主语所具有的特质或特征，过去分词作表语多表示主语处于某种状态。通常情况下现在分词译为“令人的”，过去分词译为“某人感到”。典例5In April，thousands of holidaymakers remained _ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.Asticking BstuckCto be stuck Dto have stuck解析动词stick与它的逻辑主语thousands of holidaymakers之间存在动宾关系，且该动作发生在过去，故用过去分词。答案B,2分词作定语(1)现在分词作定语既可放在所修饰的词之前，作前置定语，也可放在所修饰的词之后，相当于一个定语从句。过去分词作定语时，一般置于其所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句。典例6Im calling to enquire about the position _in yesterdays China Daily.Aadvertised Bto be advertisedCadvertising Dhaving advertised解析我打电话来咨询一下昨天中国日报上刊登的职位信息。advertise和position是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词表被动，此处相当于：which was advertised。答案A,(2)分词作后置定语可分为限制性(紧跟在所修饰的中心词之后)和非限制性(用逗号将其与所修饰的中心词分开)两种，其作用分别相当于一个限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。典例7So far nobody has claimed the money _in the library.Adiscovered Bto be discoveredCdiscovering Dhaving discovered解析该空在句中作后置定语修饰the money，the money与discover之间存在动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。句意：到目前为止还没有人来认领在图书馆所发现的钱。答案A,3分词作宾语补足语常跟分词作宾语补足语的动词有：catch，have，get，keep，hear，find，feel，leave，make，notice，observe，watch等。典例8(2011年高考浙江卷)Even the best writers sometimes find themselves _ for words.Alose BlostCto lose Dhaving lost解析句意：即使是最好的作家有时候也会发现自己找不到合适的话表达自己。find 是表示心理变化的动词，其后的themselves 是宾语，空格处应作为宾语补足语使用，所以要使用lost,表示“迷惘的，不知所措的”，lost 是形容词。答案B,4分词作状语分词可作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语以及结果状语等。典例9(2011年高考天津卷)_into English,the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.ATranslating BTranslatedCTo translate DHaving translated解析句意：被翻译成英语时，这个句子的语序完全不同。translating 作状语，表示该动作与句子主语间的逻辑关系是主动关系，不符合本题题意；translated 作状语，表示该动作与句子主语间的逻辑关系是被动关系，符合语意及语法要求；to translate为不定式作状语，往往表示一种目的或结果，而 having translated 作状语，则强调该动作先于句子谓语动词所表示的动作发生，均不符合语境。答案B,The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already _for a meal to be cooked.Alaid BlayingCto lay Dbeing laid解题思路句意：起居室干净又整洁，为做饭准备的餐桌也已摆好。with后跟复合结构，a table与lay之间为被动关系，且有already暗示，故空白处应用过去分词表被动和完成。答案A,考点透析独立主格结构和with结构在近几年的高考中都有所体现，主要考查其在句中充当时间、条件或在句尾作方式、伴随状语，今后的高考中仍会考查此结构。The guests had left,so he began to take a short rest.The guests having left，he began to take a short rest.If weather permits，well go sightseeing.Weather permitting，well go sightseeing.(独立主格结构表条件)All things have been considered，her paper is of greater value than yours All things considered，her paper is of greater value than yours.(独立主格结构表条件),误区警示一种习惯用法是：在“名词/代词介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，名词/代词和介词后面的名词没有任何冠词或所有格修饰，也不用with引导。Last night I followed him here and climbed in，sword in hand.独立主格结构也可以由“with名词/代词不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语/分词”构成。With the machine to do all the work，we will finish our task on time.He stared at her，with his mouth open.With his parents away，the boy became naughtier.He stood at the window，with his hands in his pockets.,with复合结构【完成例句】1.小孩跟着他，他不得不回到公园。With the children following him,he had to go back to the park.2.工作完成了，他可以回家了。With the work finished,he could go home.3.这么多书要看，我不能外出。With so many books to read,I could not go out.4.天气这么热，他们入室休息了。With the weather so hot,they went in to have a rest.,5.随着彩电价格降了50%，公司处境艰难。With the prices of color TV down by 50%,the company has a very hard time.6.他妻子走下楼梯，手里拿着一本书。His wife came down the stairs,with a book in her hand/a book in her hand/a book in hand.7.升国旗的时候学生们站成一线。The students stood in line with the national flag being raised.,【结论】with复合结构是独立主格结构的一种，常在句中充当状语和定语，是英语中的一种常见结构。它由“with宾语补语”组成，其中，宾语和宾补之间必须有逻辑一致关系。其结构为：adv./prep.adj.to do(表示将要发生的动作)doing(主动，同时)/being done(正在被)done(被动或完成),with 宾语,1.Mrs.White showed her students some old maps _ from the library.(2010全国)A.to borrow B.to be borrowed C.borrowed D.borrowing解析：选C。考查非谓语动词作定语。句意为：怀特夫人给学生们展示了一些从图书馆借来的旧地图。old maps与borrow之间是被动关系，borrowed表示被动或完成，符合语境。2.With Fathers Day around the corner,I have taken some money out of the bank _ presents for my dad.(2010全国)A.buy B.to buy C.buying D.to have bought解析：选B。考查非谓语动词作状语。句意为：父亲节将要到来，为了给爸爸买礼物,我已经从银行取了一些钱。非谓语动词中不定式作目的状语。3.Though _ to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome.(2010全国)A.surprising B.was surprised C.surprised D.being surprised,解析：选C。句意为：尽管教授看到我们很惊讶，但还是热情地欢迎了我们。though引导让步状语从句，其后省略了he was。surprised多指“某人对某事感到惊讶”。4.Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues _ with her stories.(2010上海)A.amused B.amusing C.to amuse D.to be amused解析：选A。考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语。句意为：Lucy很有幽默感，总是讲故事给她的同事们消遣。colleagues与amused 之间为逻辑上的被动关系。5._ the city center,we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height.(2010上海)A.Approaching B.ApproachedC.To approachD.To be approached解析：选A。考查非谓语动词作状语。句意为：接近市中心时，我们看到了一座大约10米高的石雕。由语境可知，逗号前的部分为时间状语；approach与其逻辑主语we之间是主动关系。6.That is the only way we can imagine_ the overuse of water in students bathrooms.(2010上海)A.reducing B.to reduce C.reduced D.reduce,解析：选B。考查非谓语动词作定语。句意为：这是我们能想到的减少学生们在浴室内过度用水的唯一办法。动词不定式作定语修饰名词短语the only way。the way to do sth.表示“做的途径、方式”。7.He had a wonderful childhood,_ with his mother to all corners of the world.(2010安徽)A.travel B.to travel C.traveled D.traveling解析：选D。考查非谓语动词作状语。句意为：他有一个快乐的童年，那时他跟着他的母亲周游世界。主语he与动词travel之间为逻辑上的主动关系。8.Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock,_ supplies to Yushu，Qinghai Province after the earthquake.(2010福建)A.sending B.to send C.having sent D.to have sent解析：选A。考查非谓语动词作状语。句意为：地震之后，许多救援工人正在夜以继日地工作，为青海玉树地区发送物资。动词send和主语workers构成主谓关系，因此用现在分词形式作伴随状语。,9.Dina,_ for months to find a job as a waitress,finally took a position at a local advertising agency.(2010湖南)A.struggling B.struggled C.having struggled D.to struggle解析：选C。考查非谓语动词作定语。句意为：Dina奋斗了几个月的时间想找份服务员的工作，终于在一家当地的广告公司找到了一份工作。Dina与struggle之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，且struggle发生在take之前，故用现在分词的完成时态作定语。10.So far nobody has claimed the money_ in the library.(2010湖南)Discovered B.to be discoveredC.Discovering D.having discovered解析：选A。考查非谓语动词作定语。句意为：目前为止，没有人来认领图书馆里发现的钱。money和discover之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作定语。11.The lady walked around the shops,_ an eye out for bargains.(2010江西)A.keep B.kept C.keeping D.to keep解析：选C。考查非谓语动词作伴随状语。句意为：这位女士在商,店周围闲逛，注意看有没有特价商品。句子主语lady和keep 之间是主动关系，keeping an eye out for bargains为现在分词短语作伴随状语。12.There were many talented actors out there just waiting _.(2010江西)A.to discover B.to be discoveredC.discovered D.being discovered解析：选B。考查非谓语动词作状语。句意为：很多有才华的演员等待被发现。动词不定式作目的状语，且actors与discover之间是被动关系。13.We were astonished _ the temple still in its original condition.(2010辽宁)A.finding B.to find C.find D.to be found解析：选B。考查非谓语动词作状语。句意为：我们吃惊地发现那座庙仍然还是原来的状况。be astonished 后应该跟动词不定式作原因状语。,14.Its no use having ideas only.Dont worry.Peter can show you _ to turn an idea into an act.(2010辽宁)A.how B.who C.what D.where解析：选A。考查“疑问词+不定式”的用法。句意为：光有主意是没用的。不用担心，彼特可以教你怎样把主意转变为行动。虽然四个词都可以和动词不定式连用，但是意义不同。how表示“怎样”，强调方式；who和what是连接代词，一般在不定式短语中作宾语，此句中动词不定式有宾语，不再需要宾语，所以排除；where强调地点，与上句不对应。由句意可知，此处表示“如何”，故选A。15.Alexander tried to get his work _ in the medical circles.(2010辽宁)A.to recognize B.recognizing C.recognize D.recognized解析：选D。考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语。句意为：亚历山大试图让他的工作在医学领域得到认可。宾语work和recognize之间为被动关系。16._ at my classmates faces,I read the same excitement in their eyes.(2010北京),Looking B.Look C.To look D.Looked解析：选A。考查非谓语动词作状语。句意为：看着同学们的面孔，我从他们眼中读出了同样的兴奋。looking at my classmates faces与句子主语I之间为逻辑上的主动关系。17.Im calling to enquire about the position _ in yesterdays China Daily.(2010北京)A.advertised B.to be advertisedC.advertising D.having advertised解析：选A。考查非谓语动词作定语。句意为：我打电话来咨询一下昨天中国日报上刊登职位的信息。the position和advertise之间是被动关系，此处的分词可以理解为一个定语从句which was advertised。18.I have a lot of readings _ before the end of this term.(2010山东)completing B.to completeC.completed D.being completed解析：选B。考查非谓语动词作定语。句意为：这个学期结束前，我有很多阅读练习要完成。由于时间状语before the end of this,term表达未来的时间，所以空格处使用动词不定式表示将来，充当readings的定语。19._ from the top of the tower,the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.(2010陕西)A.Seen B.Seeing C.Have seen D.To see解析：选A。考查非谓语动词作状语。句意为：从塔顶往下看，南边的山脚下是一片树的海洋。动词see与句子的主语the south foot之间为被动关系，故用过去分词。20.His first book _ next month is based on a true story.(2010陕西)A.published B.to be published C.to publish D.being published解析：选B。考查非谓语动词作定语。句意为：他的第一本书下个月将出版，这本书是基于一个真实的故事写的。由时间状语next month可知，所填非谓语动词表示将来的动作，故用动词不定式；publish与book之间是被动关系。21.A great number of students _ said they were forced to practise the piano.(2010四川)A.to question B.to be questioned C.questioned D.questioning,解析：选C。考查非谓语动词作定语。句意为：许多被调查的学生说：他们是被迫练习弹钢琴的。question与students之间是被动关系，question表示的动作也已完成，故用过去分词。22.In many peoples opinion,_ that company,though relatively small,is pleasant.(2010四川)A.to deal with B.dealing withC.to be dealt with D.dealt with解析：选A。考查动词不定式的用法。句意为：许多人看来，尽管那家公司