完型填空解题方法指导.ppt

,How to do a cloze?完形填空解题技巧,一、完型填空试题主要特点,1.通常从一篇250词左右的文章中设空20个，首句不挖空。2.干扰项设计严密。一般情况下，四个选项的词性相同或属于同一范畴，干扰项填入后在语法上并不存在错误，有较大的迷惑作用。例：I worked as a(n)1 at Mr.Breens fruit shop.1.A.operator B.assistant C.waiter D.secretary3.考查单词以实词（动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词）为主，虚词（连词、介词）为辅。4.设问角度突出语境，重点考查学生对上下文乃至文章整体的理解，以及对词汇意义的把握。5.文章体裁以记叙文或夹叙夹议文为主，选材大多富有积极的教育意义，给人以人生的启迪或是充满生活情趣。,二、为什么我们在这一题型上总是失分较多?,1.没有严格遵循答题步骤：很多学生一拿到完形填空题就急于选择答案，不认真分析通篇文章，单纯求快，忽略语篇理解，表面上解题速度挺快，但是这种见树不见林的做法只会影响解题的质量和效率。,一定要用2-3分钟时间先进行缺词阅读，弄清文章大意和基本脉络后再着手逐个填空。,二、为什么我们在这一题型上总是失分较多?,2.不注意积累答题技巧：a.忽略文章 首句 的提示作用。b.忽略文章中 上下文之间 的照应关系。c.遇到长句不注意 分析句子结构。d.时间安排不当，在几个选项上过分纠缠，正确的做法是 先易后难。,3.基础知识不扎实4.自信心不足,细读首句，跳过空格，通读全文，把握大意,再读全文，弥补疏漏，反复检查，确保最佳,注意语境，瞻前顾后，先易后难，初定答案,三、正确的完形填空的解题步骤,把握整体,具体分析,四、九大解题技巧,1、利用首句来解题2、根据上下文语境来解题3、利用语篇的标志性的词语解题4、根据逻辑推理解题5、根据常识和文化背景的角度来选择6、从语法角度来解题7、从词汇辨析方面来解题8、从固定搭配、惯用法方面来解题9、利用词汇的复现解题,利用首句来解题,完形填空文章的首句通常是一个未被“掏空”的完整句子，这便是我们探索短文全貌的“窗口”。我们可以利用首句的提示作用，判断文章的体裁，迅速推测全文的大意乃至主题，从而跨出正确解题的第一步。,例1：(2012福建卷)I often read of incidents of misunderstanding（误解）or conflict（冲突）.体裁：主题：,【文章大意】本文是篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过自己和儿时的伙伴虽然信奉的宗教不同，但是彼此非常要好，分别多年后再次巧遇，仍使双方激动不已这一经历，告诉我们要排除种族歧视，同甘共苦，创建和谐社会。,夹叙夹议文,misunderstanding or conflict,练习1：(2012全国卷)Body language is the quiet,secret and most powerful language of all!体裁：主题：,说明文,【文章大意】本文是篇说明文。作者认为在进行跨文化交流过程中，身势语尤为重要。并以拉丁美洲人和挪威人为例进行了阐述。最后指出，不管什么情况，最好的建议是：对待别人像你希望被对待的那样。,body language,练习2：(2012 重庆卷)I became a gardener（园艺师）when I was twelve.体裁：主题：,记叙文,【文章大意】本文是篇记叙文。讲述作者小时候出于反叛心理，在院子里种花，结果最终喜欢了园艺，后来作者在这方面做出了成绩，成为一名真正的园艺师，使当初持反对意见的父母为之倍感自豪。,a gardener,例2：(2012福建卷)I often read of incidents of misunderstanding or conflict.Im left 36.Why do these people create mistrust and problems,especially with those from other 37(races)?36.A interested（感兴趣的）B pleased（高兴的）C puzzled（困惑的）D excited（兴奋的）,2.根据上下文语境来解题,【解析】根据下文的作者的疑问“为什么这些人有那些不信任和问题呢？”可知作者感到非常困惑puzzled，选择C。,练习3：(2012福建卷)I was growing up in Kuala Lumpur in the early 1960s,.One spring afternoon in 1983,I stopped a taxi in Kuala Lumpur.Unexpectedly!It was Ismail!Even after two 51 we still recognized each other.51.A departures（离开）B months（月）C years（年）D decades（十年）,练习4：(2012陕西卷).Cold and tired,she fell asleep near a 32.He 41(jumped)over some bushes and saw the little stream,where the girl was 42.32.A.stream B.rock C.tree D.house42.A.awake B.abandoned C.available D.asleep,练习5：(2012湖南卷)Whats it like to have a gap between your teeth?a girl asked me one day.My hand unconsciously rose to cover my mouth.But as she looked at me,sincerely waiting for 37,.37.A.an offer B.an answer C.a suggestion D.a result,3.利用语篇的标志性的词语解题,常见的标志性的词语有以下几种:转折关系：but,while,however；递进关系：besides,whats more,furthermore;因果关系：thus,therefore,so；结构层次:firstly,secondly,thirdly等。,例3：(2012湖北卷)Life has become 35.However,a bicycle is simple.35.A.boring（无聊的）B.complex（复杂的）C.stressful（有压力的）D.tough（艰苦的）,3.利用语篇的标志性的词语解题,【解析】根据标志词however所表达的转折语气，所选的词应与下句中“A bicycle is simple”的simple“简单的”相对应，因此选择B项，意为“复杂的”。,练习6：(2012山东卷)The Mullers soon realized that food and clothing werent 42.“What these people also need is warmth（温暖）and 43,”says Rita.43.A.fame（名声）B.freedom（自由）C.courage（勇气）D.caring（关心）练习7：(2012全国卷II)I was 23（driving）a school bus to make ends meet and 24 with a friend of mine,for I had lost my flat（套房）.24.A.working B.travelling C.discussing D.living,例4：(2012重庆卷)I was touched（感动）by this land of wonder.45,my parents showed no interest in my garden.45.A.Instead B.However C.Therefore D Besides,4.根据逻辑推理解题,【解析】作者被眼前的景象所感动，作者的父母却对作者的花园不感兴趣。空白处表示的是一种转折的语气，所以选B，however然而。,练习8：(2012江西卷)Usually,on holidays,Mother 36（allowed）me to sleep in.And I would certainly take full advantage of it.On this particular morning,37,I felt like getting up early.37Aotherwise Btherefore Chowever Dbesides 练习9：(2012辽宁卷)He shouted for help,48 his wife,Brenda,was asleep in their bedroom at the opposite end of the house.48.A.and B.but C.or D.so,5.根据常识和文化背景的角度来选择,例5：(2012安徽卷)Then I had a 36 problem and had to go to hospital for a 37（thorough）examination.36.A.physical（身体的）B.traveling（旅行的）C.social（社交的）D.housing（住房的）,【解析】根据常识可知，作者后面说had to go to hospital不得不去医院，可知她应该是身体方面 physical 有问题。,练习10：(2012浙江卷)22 the box,Oscar saw an umbrella inside a very old one with a beautifully carved handle.22.A.opening（打开）B.seizing（抓住）C.observing（观察）D.searching（寻找）练习11：(2012湖北卷)“An odometer（里程表）without a speedometer(速度计)is like a 44 without a knife（刀子）.”44.A.pencil（铅笔）B.fork（叉子）C.box（盒子）D.cake（蛋糕）,例6：(2012福建卷)I was growing up in Kuala Lumpur in the early 1960s,38 children from different races and religions played and studied 39（together）in harmony.38.A why B which C how D when,6.从语法角度来解题,【解析】本句是个定语从句，先行词指的是20世纪60年代的时候，所以用when。,练习12：(2012湖北卷)33 the shopkeeper was the selling me the bicycle,he said,This is the best thing you 34(could)have done.33.A.Although B.Because C.As D.Unless练习13：(2012天津卷)You cant blame others 35 you start with yourself.35.A.although B.if C.when D.unless,例7：(2012福建卷)One spring afternoon in 1983,I stopped a taxi in Kuala Lumpur.I 47 my destination.47.A stated（表明）B ordered（命令）C decided（决定）D chose（选择）,7.从词义辨析方面来解题,【解析】我叫了一个出租车并说明了我的目的地。,练习14：(2012辽宁卷)“My hearing was damaged by the 38 of farm epuipment,so I learned to connect with 39（animals）.They react to what they see and what you do.”38.A.sound（声音）B.alarm（警报声）C.noise（噪音）D.voice（嗓音）练习15：(2012重庆卷)I planted some lily(百合花)seeds（种子）in the yard.But they failed to 42.42.A.come up（发芽）B.break out（爆发）C.hold on（坚持）D.get through（完成）,例8：(2012福建卷)At that time my family lived a stones 40 from Ismails.40.A drop（滴）B throw（扔）C move（移）D roll（滚）,【解析】a stones throw 近在咫尺。,8.从固定搭配、惯用法方面来解题,练习16：(2012重庆卷)Wild 43 joy,I found the first rose bloom（开花）.43.A.to B.with C.in D.by练习17：(2012重庆卷)I became a member of the company 41 back to 1925.41.A.bouncing B.dating C.turning D.tracking,【解析】date back to 追溯到。,【解析】wild with joy 欣喜若狂。,9.利用词汇的复现解题,例9：(2012福建卷)At times Ismail would accompany my family as we made a rare shopping trip to town.We would be glad of his 45.45.A arrival（到达）B choice（选择）C effort（努力）D company（陪伴）,原词复现,同义词、近义词复现,同根词复现,【解析】根据上文的accompany“V.陪同”可知答案为company“n.陪伴”，“有他的陪伴我感到很高兴”。,练习18：(2012全国卷I)But whatever the situation,the best 54（advice）is to obey the Golden Rule:treat others as you would like to be 55.55.A.noticed B.treated C.respected D.pleased 练习19：(2012湖南卷)Whats it like to have a gap between your teeth?a girl asked me one day.Nobody had ever 36 before.36.A.faced B.guessed C.asked D.imagined,完形填空中，有的题既可以用这种技巧解答，又可用那种技巧来解答，也有的可能要结合两种或多种技巧才能解答。但是，所有的方法或技巧都是一种辅助作用，都必须建立在扎实的语言基础之上。如果词汇不过关，句子理不顺，篇章意义不理解，任何方法或技巧都将无济于事。,五、完形填空解题方法,总的原则：先完意，后完形。八字方针：上下求索，瞻前顾后。三 步 曲：读填读。,六、作业：完成学英语报完形填空题。,Thanks,see you!,