学术英语(医学)U.ppt

学术英语 医学,Medical Education,Unit 9,Medical Education Compared with other professions,the profession of medicine has its uniqueness,and there are some minimal requirements for those pre-service and in-service medical professionals in terms of both knowledge and personalities.Medical education is expected not only to cultivate prospective medical professionals with necessary knowledge and skills but also to help them develop personalities appropriate for their medical career.,Unit Contents,Lead-in,Text A,Text B,Text C,Listening,Speaking,Writing,Get reading for Unit 10,Unit 9 Medical Education,Lead-in,Issues to be coveredSuggested answers,Unit 9 Medical Education,Lead-in,Issues to be covered,1.The personal attributes necessary for a medical professional2.The way medical schools are ranked3.The terms referring to a medical professional in his various stages of training and medical practice4.The necessary steps to become a medical professional in USA,Unit 9 Medical Education,Lead-in,Suggested answers,Task:Brainstorm in groups of 4-5 the qualities or personal attributes that a good physician usually possesses,and write them done in the blanks given below.,Unit 9 Medical Education,knowledgeexpertiseskillcompassiondevotionpatiencePerseverancetalent,caringaltruismSamaritanismsacrificelove humanismmorality,Watch the video and check against the list!,Text A,Critical reading and thinking Topics for presentation Useful expressions Language building-up Medical terminology Signpost language Formal English Vocabulary testSuggested answers,Unit 9 Medical Education,Text A Critical reading and thinking,Topics for presentation,1 Give examples to illustrate changes that have occurred in medical school curriculum.,The addition of programs to current curriculum:“Medical Humanities”“Physician-Patient Communication”Social and Cultural Issues in Health Care”,Unit 9 Medical Education,Text A,Useful expressions,to better prepare their students for the challenges they will face throughout their professional careers.The changes that have been adopted are truly impressive,yet there is still more to be accomplished.,Critical reading and thinking,Unit 9 Medical Education,2 What is the primary purpose of medical education?,Topics for presentation,Text A Critical reading and thinking,For students to learn,in depth,what it means to be a physician:1)Upon graduation,they can have an understanding of what it means to be a physician when are bestowed with the title,and 2)they can have the personal qualities for a physician to be capable of meeting the publics expectations of a doctor.,Unit 9 Medical Education,Text A,Topics for presentation,3 Why is it wrong to equate becoming a physician with possessing a body of knowledge and a set of skills?,Critical reading and thinking,A body of knowledge and a set of skills required vary depending upon the particular career path a physician has chosen.Besides a body of knowledge and a set of skills a physician also should possess some personal attributes to meet the publics expectations and to define the essence of what it means to be a physician.,Unit 9 Medical Education,Text A,Topics for presentation,4 What did Peabody mean by saying“The secret of the care of the patient is in caring for the patient”?,Critical reading and thinking,Unit 9 Medical Education,the value that patients place on being truly cared for by a physiciana responsibility to continue to care for their patients when a physician can no longer prescribe a particular form of treatment or offer the likelihood of a cureif not being caring,the patients will sense that they have been abandoned by their doctor at a critical time,Text A,Useful expressions,There are many text that describe in eloquent terms the value that patients place on being truly cared for by a physician.Members of the medical profession have too often equated caring with treatment,and have tended at times to limit their role to providing treatment leading to a cure.,Critical reading and thinking,Unit 9 Medical Education,Text A,Topics for presentation,Critical reading and thinking,5 Why must a physician be inquisitive?,Unit 9 Medical Education,A great deal about medicine that is not known.A great deal that individual physicians do not know about what is known.,Text A,Useful expressions,Medicine has a long tradition of celebrating knowledge all that the members of the profession know about mechanisms of disease and the diagnosis and management of various clinical maladies.,Critical reading and thinking,Unit 9 Medical Education,6 What is the civic responsibility of a physician?,Text A,Topics for presentation,Critical reading and thinking,Unit 9 Medical Education,More personal involvement in meeting medicines responsibility to society.Concerning themselves with ensuring that their professional organizations are focused on serving the interests of the public.Conscious contribution in a variety of ways to the betterment of the communities they live in:by participating in community organizationsby bringing their special talents to bear in volunteer efforts specifically aimed at improving the health of the public.,Text A,Useful expressions,Over the years,this responsibility has come to be viewed as an element of professionalism that is somehow embedded,at least implicitly,within the context of the social contract that defines the medical professions responsibility to the society as a whole a responsibility manifested largely by how professional organizations relate to the public.,Critical reading and thinking,Unit 9 Medical Education,Have a whole picture!,Text A,Text Analysis,Critical reading and thinking,Unit 9 Medical Education,Qualities of a true physicianmuch of the knowledge many of the skillscaringinquisitivenesscivic-mindedness,To Sum Up:,Text A,Text Analysis,Critical reading and thinking,Unit 9 Medical Education,a physician not caring,inquisitive,and civic minded may be a highly skilled technician involved in the practice of medicine,such an individual will not truly reflect the essence of what it means to be a physicianmedical schools continue to modify their educational programs to reflect a commitment to ensuring that their graduates be caring,inquisitive,and civic-minded physicians,Text A,Additional Activity,Read Para.8 more carefully and give yourunderstanding about the sentence below:“Most of the diagnostic errors made by physicians result from cognitive mistakes.”Do you agree or disagree?Why?,Critical reading and thinking,Unit 9 Medical Education,Text A,Additional Activity(suggested answers)Yes,I agree with it.,Critical reading and thinking,Unit 9 Medical Education,Text A,Suggested answers,Task 1 Overview:Complete the following outline of the text by filling the blanks with supporting details.,Critical reading and thinking,Background for the fundamental questionImpressive changes:Remaining misconceptions:,Unit 9 Medical Education,the design and conduct of the medical school curriculum in the past few decades.,The purpose of medical education is merely to teach students medical knowledge and skills;To be a physician simply means to possess a body of knowledge and a set of skills that can be applied in the practice of medicine.,Text A,Suggested answers,Task 1 Overview:Complete the following outline of the text by filling the blanks with supporting details.,Critical reading and thinking,Unit 9 Medical Education,II.My answer to the questionCaring:,Francis Peabodys statement that“The secret of the care of the patient is in caring for the patient”;the modern times mistake by members of the medical profession to equate caring with treatment the Hastings Centers definition of the goals of medicine:The Care and Cure of Those with a Malady,and the Care of Those Who Cannot be Cured.,Text A,Suggested answers,Task 1 Overview:Complete the following outline of the text by filling the blanks with supporting details.,Critical reading and thinking,Unit 9 Medical Education,II.My answer to the questionInquisitive:Civic-minded:,Medical learning and practice are often based solely on what one knows.But the fact is that there is a great deal about medicine that is not known,and there is a great deal that individual physicians do not know about what is known.Being inquisitive is not only essential for physicians to meet their professional responsibilities but also improve the quality of the care provided to individual patients.,It is critically important that individual physicians become more personally involved in meeting medicines responsibility to society.,Text A,Suggested answers,Task 1 Overview:Complete the following outline of the text by filling the blanks with supporting details.,Critical reading and thinking,Unit 9 Medical Education,III Conclusion,Although a physician who is not caring,inquisitive,and civic minded may be a highly skilled technician involved in the practice of medicine,such an individual will not truly reflect the essence of what it means to be a physician.Medical schools should instill these qualities into students to make them true physicians.,Text A,Task 1/Medical terminology Match each definition with its corresponding English term and Chinese equivalent.,malady,疾病,专业,specialty,开处方,prescribe,diagnosis,诊断,Suggested answers,Language building-up,2,Unit 9 Medical Education,Text A,treatment,治疗,residency,（医生的）住院实习期,technician,技师,manifestation,表现,Task1/Medical terminologyMatch each definition with its corresponding English term and Chinese equivalent.,Suggested answers,2,Language building-up,Unit 9 Medical Education,professionalism,专业精神,Text A Language Building-up,Signpost Language,Reformulation,Unit 9 Medical Education,Text A,Task 2/Signpost language,Use expressions for reformulation to fill in each of the following blanks.Then scan the texts you have learned and compare your answers with the original text.,In posing the question I am not seeking a formal definition of the term physician that one might find in a dictionary.My intent,instead,is to seek agreement within the medical education community on the attributes _,the personal qualities that a physician should possess if he or she is to be capable of meeting the publics expectation of a doctor.(Text A,Unit 9)2 Over the years,this responsibility has come to be viewed as an element of professionalism that is somehow embedded,at least implicitly,within the context of the social contract that defines the medical professions responsibility to the society as a whole _ manifested largely by how professional organizations relate to the public.(Text A,Unit 9),Language building-up,Suggested answers,a responsibility,that is,Unit 9 Medical Education,Text A,Task 2/Signpost language,Use expressions for reformulation to fill in each of the following blanks.Then scan the texts you have learned and compare your answers with the original text.,3 If they do not continue to provide care under those circumstances _,by being caring their patients will sense that they have been abandoned by their doctor at a critical time.(Text A,Unit 9)What is there about this patients presentation that I dont understand?_,importantly,what is there about this patient that I should know before proceeding?(Text A,Unit 9)At these milestones key data are reviewed and a decision taken to continue if the target profile can still be met,or to stop if this is not the case(go/no go decision).In practice the third option,_ to adapt the plan to the finding is not unpopular.(Text C,Unit 3),Language building-up,Suggested answers,Or,that is,Unit 9 Medical Education,i.e.,Text A,Task 3/Formal English,The following sentences are taken from Text A.Replace the underlined formal words with less formal ones.,1 Some have suggested that possessing a body of knowledge and a set of skills that can be applied in the practice of medicine defines what it means to be a physician.(Para.3)There are many text that describe in eloquent terms the value that patients place on being truly cared for by a physician.(Para.4),Language building-up,Suggested answers,Unit 9 Medical Education,Some have suggested that to be a physician,one must first have the necessary knowledge and all kinds of skills that can be used to practice medicine.,There are many texts that describe skillfully the value that patients place on being truly cared for by a physician.,Text A,Task 3/Formal English,The following sentences are taken from Text A.Replace the underlined formal words with less formal ones.,3 But in modern times,members of the medical profession have too often equated caring with treatment,and have tended at times to limit their role to providing treatment leading to a cure.(Para.4),Language building-up,Suggested answers,Unit 9 Medical Education,But in modern times,members of the medical profession have too often regarded caring as treatment/thought caring and treatment were the same,and have tended at times to limit their role to providing treatment leading to a cure.,Text A,Task 3/Formal English,The following sentences are taken from Text A.Replace the underlined formal words with less formal ones.,He points out that because of the uncertainty inherent in the practice of medicine,there is a tendency for physicians when encountering a patient to lock in too soon on a particular diagnosis or a particular approach to treatment.(Para.8)5 This is a confusing concept to grasp,because in modern times the civic responsibility of the individual physician to be obscure.(Para.9),Language building-up,Suggested answers,Unit 9 Medical Education,He points out that because the practice of medicine always has uncertainty,there is a tendency for physicians when encountering a patient to lock in too soon on a particular diagnosis or a particular approach to treatment.,This is a confusing concept to grasp,because in modern times the civic responsibility of the individual physician tends to be hard to tell.,Group presentation,Text A,Additional activity,Unit 9 Medical Education,Through various sources,find the place of the medical school you are attending in some national or international ranking(s).Try to answer the following questions:1.Is the place of your medical school in the ranking what you have expected?2.What are the criteria for the ranking?3.What fallacies can you identify in the way of ranking?,medical school _(医学院课程)the medical education_(医学教育界)to meet the publics_(达到公众的期待)personal _(个人品质)to place _on(看重)clinical _(临床疾病)_errors(诊断错误)classic _(典型临床表现)the _ of physicians(医生的民本意识),Text A Language Building-up,Vocabulary Test,curriculum,community,diagnostic,expectations,manifestations,civic mindedness,attributes,value,maladies,Unit 9 Medical Education,Text B,Critical reading and thinkingLanguage building-upSuggested answers,Unit 9 Medical Education,Text B,Group discussion:,Additional activity,Unit 9 Medical Education,Express your comments on such a thought process:Good school,good doctor;bad school,bad doctor.,Text B,Critical Reading and Thinking,1.the story which happened during the writers internship and her interpreta