大学英语二讲稿第六单元.ppt

大学英语二 Unit 6 喻晓元,Text AImproving Industrial Efficiency through Robotics,1.常考单词：efficiency，increasingly，install Personnel，expose，reduction，Completion，specific，switch，critical，intensity，scale，defective2.常考词组：in that，in question，plenty of，,3.常考句子：,1)Most of todays robots are employed in the automotive industry，where they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting automobile and truck bodies.2)Robots，already taking over human tasks in the automotive field are beginning to be seen，althoughto a lesser degree，in other industries as well.3)The robots used in nuclear power plants handle the radioactive materials，preventing human personnel from being exposed to radiation.4)Robots differ from automatic machines in that after completion of one specific task，they can be reprogrammed by a computer to do another one.5)Engineers skilled in microelectronics and computer technology are developing artificial vision for robots.6)With the ability to“see”，robots can identify and inspect one specific class of objects out of a stack of different kinds of materials.7)Anyone wanting to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics.,课文简介,机器人在工业生产中的使用越来越普遍。目前大多数的机器人用于汽车工业，此外在别的工业领域虽然应用的程度低一些，（although to a lesser degree）但也开始出现。它们已经可以代替人进行一些工作。那么机器人与自动化机械有什么不同呢？它们的不同在于机器人完成某一特定任务后，可由计算机重新编制程序去完成另一项任务。现在科学家与工程技术人员正在研制新一代机器人，使机器人具有视觉、有触觉、并且能够做出关键性的决策。未来机器人将会在许多领域代替人的工作。Paras.1-3 Robots are used in many areasPara.4 The difference between robots and other machines.Paras.5-7 Technicians and engineers are trying to design new types of robots.（will be able to see objects；will have a sense of touch；will make critical decisions.）,词汇精讲：,1.efficiency:n 效率 efficient:a 高效率的；inefficient:a 效率低的；inefficiency:n;effective:a 有效果的 1).He has done much to increase the _ of English teaching.2).She is very _ in reducing waste.3).His _ study method caused his failure.4).The city government took some _ measures to reduce unemployment.Answers:efficiency,efficient;inefficient,effective,2.increasingly:ad不断增加地 increase：v 增加;increasing:a 不断增加的;decrease:v减少；1).Drinking and smoking among young people _ to an alarming extent.2).The truth is becoming _ apparent.3).The _ friendly relations between the two countries strengthen the cultural exchanges between them.3.prevalent:a 流行的，普通的=popular 4.calculator:n 计算者，计算器，calculate:v 计算；calculation:n 计算;calculating:a 诡计多端的,5.expose:v 使暴露，揭露，揭发，exposure:n;expose sb to sth让某人接触pletion:n 完成、结束，complete:v完成，a 完整的，completeness:n 完整；incomplete:a 不完整的 1).He _ denied the existence of god.2).He has never _ a project on time.3).Money will be paid half in advance and half on _.(先付一半定金，另一半等事情完成之后再付）4).When will the new railway _?答案：completely,completed,completion,be completed(v),7).intensity:n 强烈、剧烈，intense=strong:a 强烈的,intensive:a 密集的，加强的；intensify:v 加强；intension:n 强烈、紧张。1).We should _ the struggle for peace.2).There are few strong situations or moments of dramatic _.3).They have been receiving a four-day _ training course.4).They kept working in the _ heat.Answers:intensify,intensity,intensive,intense,8.defective:a 有缺点的，defect:n 缺点 9.assemble:v 集合、装配；assembly:n 装配 10.expose sth/sb to sth:暴露，面临、遭受 1).People often expose their skin to the sun in summer.2).I wont expose my soldiers to such unnecessary risks.11.in that:在于，因为 1).I like the country better in that it is closer to nature.12.in question:正被谈论的，正被考虑的(通常放在被修饰名词后面)We know nothing about the plan in question.,Analyze the difficult sentences Text A(Unit 6),1.Most of todays robots are employed in the automotive industry,where they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting automobile and truck bodies.(p2)翻译：今天大多数机器人用于汽车工业，它们按照编好的程序接任了汽 车和卡车车身的焊接和喷漆这一类的工作。分析：该句的考点是where引导的非限定性定语从句，修饰in the automotive industry。另外请注意几个词的用法：employ:v 雇佣，使用，相当于use;program:v 编写程序；take over:接管、接收、接任，如：Do you want me to take over the driving if you are tired?such.as 例如，welding and spray painting是动名词，做宾语。,2.Robots,already taking over human tasks in the automotive field,are beginning to be seen,although to a lesser degree,in other industries as well.(p3)翻译：除了在汽车生产领域替代人工劳动外，机器人也开始在别的工业 部门应用，虽然应用程度低一些。分析：该句考点如下：already taking over human tasks in the automotive field是现在分词短语做定语；to be seen不定式的被动概念；although to a lesser degree让步状语，to a lesser degree是表示：在更小的程度上，反义词：to a larger degree.,3.The robots used in nuclear pants handle the radioactive materials,preventing human personnel from being exposed to radiation.(p3)翻译：核电站里使用机器人处理辐射材料，避免人员接触放射性物质。分析：主语：The robots；谓语：handle；宾语：the radioactive materials；used in nuclear pants handle the radioactive materials是过去分词短语做定语；preventing human personnel from being exposed to radiation是现 在分词短语做伴随状语。being exposed to动名词被动语态；prevent sb from doing 阻止某人做某事。,4.Robots differ form automatic machines in that after completion of one specific task,they can be reprogrammed by a computer to do another one.(p4)翻译：机器人与自动化装置的区别在于它们完成一项特定任 务后可以由计算机重新编程去执行另一项任务。分析：该句重要考点：in that,相当于because,所引导从句表原因。如：Men are different from other animals in that the former can create and use tools while the latter cannot.,5.It is not yet known whether robots will one day have vision as good as human vision.(p5)翻译：人们不知道是否有一天机器人能具有像人 类一样好的视觉。分析：该句的主语是whether引导的主语从句。（有关知识 请见课后补充语法。），it 是形式主语；as good as human vision是后置定语修饰vision;,6.Engineers working on other advances are designing and experimenting with new types of metal hands and fingers,giving robots a sense of touch.(p6)翻译：在其他方面努力取得进展的工程人员正在设计和实验 新的金属手臂和手指，使机器人具有触觉。分析：请注意该句中几个-ing的区别：working on other advances是非谓语动词中的现在分词；are designing and experimenting是谓语动词的进行时态；giving robots a sense of touch是非谓语动词的现在分词做结果状语。词组：experiment with sth实验。,7.These future robots,assembled with a sense of touch and the ability to see and make decisions,will have plenty of work to do.(p7)翻译：未来具有触觉、视觉并能决策的机器人将可以做很多工作。分析：主语：These future robots；谓语：will have；宾语：plenty of work to do。assembled with a sense of touch and the ability to see and make decisions是过去分词短语做 定语，修饰主语，其中动词不定式to see and make decisions是另外一个定语，修饰the ability.词组：be assembled with sth=be equipped wth sth装备有。；a sense of touch触觉，同样的短语还有：a sense of sight/hearing/smell/taste:视觉，听觉，嗅觉，味觉；a sense of humor/direction:幽默感/方向感。make decisions做出决定；plenty of sth充足的，足够的,8.Anyone wanting to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics.(p7)翻译：任何希望了解未来工业的人必须懂机器人。分析：这句话是国考题目中常考的。考点：wanting to understand the industry of the future，是现在分词短语做定语，修饰anyone.词组：know about sth了解。，懂得。,Text B Predicting Earthquakes,Key words and phrases 1.warning:n 警告，warn:v 警告，warn sb not to do sth;give sb a warning 2.shift:v/n 替换，转移，改变，转变，轮班 1).There has been a shift in fashion from formal to more informal dress.2).The wind shifted from east to north.3).She works the day shift and her husband works the night shift.3.speculate:v 思索、推测，speculate on/upon/about sth,speculation:n,speculator:n 4.datum:n 资料、数据，复数形式：data;又如：bacterium:细菌，bacteria;medium,media.,5.reliability:n 可靠性，reliable:a 可靠的，unreliable:a 不可靠的 6.partial:a 偏袒的，部分的，be partial to sb.7.up-to-date:a 最新的，out of date:过时的，to date:至今 1).Will long dress go out of date next year?2).To date,we have not received any replies from him.3).She always wears clothes that are right up to date.8.analyze:v 分析，analysis:n，复数形式：analyses.9.work on:从事；对有影响 1).The scientist has been working on environmental protection for many years.2).The sufferings of the poor worked on our feelings so much that we gave them all the help we could.,10.set sth up:设立、建立、提出 1).A statue was set up in the center of the city.2).Many countries agreed to set up an international organization to keep peace.3).Einstein set up many important theories.,Analyze the difficult sentences:(Unit 6 Text B),1.Scientists are working on program to predict where and when an earthquake will occur.(P1)翻译：科学家们正致力于研究预报地震何时何地发生的计划。分析：Scientists are working on program是句子的主体部分，to predict where and when an earthquake will occur是动词不定式做定语，修饰program.其中，where and when an earthquake will occur是动词predict的宾语从句，注意疑问句的语序。词组：work on:从事，对有影响，如：The sufferings of the poor worked on our feelings so much that we gave them all the help we could.,2.They hope to develop an early warning system that can be used to forecast earthquakes so that living can be saved.(P1)翻译：他们希望研究出一种早期警报系统，用来预报地震，以挽救人们的生命。分析：该句中that引导的定语从句修饰an early warning system，另外，so that引导目的状语从句。注意，情态动词的被动语态在这句话中的用法。3.Two of the biggest earthquakes that were ever recorded took place in China and Alaska.(P2)翻译：有记载的两次最大的地震发生在中国和阿拉斯加。分析：主语Two of the biggest earthquakes，谓语took place。该句考点，形容词最高级，the biggest;that were ever recorded是定语从句；were recorded表示“被记录”；词组：take place发生、举行，请注意：该词无被动语态。如：Great changes have taken place in Beijing in recent years.,4.The nations that are actively involved in earthquake prediction programs include Japan,.(P4)翻译：积极参与地震预报研究的国家包括日本。分析：该句考点，词组 be involved in sth参与或be actively involved in sth积极地参与如：All the countries in the world should be actively involved in protecting the environment.,5.These networks are on the alert for warning signs that show the weakening of rock layers that can precede an earthquake.(P4)翻译：这些网络一直处于戒备状态，搜索着警告的迹象，这些迹象显示出在地震前可能发生岩层松动状况。分析：这句话的主干是These networks are on the alert for warning signs，它后面是两个套在一起的定语从句，均是由that引导的，第一个修饰warning signs；第二个修饰the weakening of rock layers。词组：on the alert:警戒、防备着如：Passengers on buses should be on the alert against pick-pockets.6.They watch for changes in the water level and temperature that are associated with movement along faults.(P4)翻译：他们密切注意与断层运动有关的水位和水温的变化。分析：词组：watch for密切注意；be associated with同有关系。,7.Everyone agrees that earthquakes cannot be predicted with any reliability.(P6)翻译：人们都认为不可能可靠地预报地震。分析：that引导的是宾语从句，其中cannot be 不可能，表示推测语气；with any reliability带有任何可能性。8.While this is a small start,it is still a beginning.(p6)翻译：尽管这是一个小的开端，但毕竟只是处于初始阶段。分析：本句中的while意思是“尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句。请看下面的句子，区分while含义：1).While I was walking along the street,I met an E.T.2).I like watching TV while my husband likes playing chess in the spare time.3).While he has tries several times,he still fails again.,与本文有关的历年考题,1.Most todays robots are employed in the automotive industry，_ they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting.（99.4）A.as B.which C.when D.where 答案：D 考点：where 引导的非限定定语从句，修饰automotive industry.2.Robots differ from automatic machines in _ after completion of one specific task，they can be reprogrammed to be another one.（00.4）A.which B.that C.how D.whether 答案：B 考点：in that 复合连词引导原因状语从句，表示“在于”。3.Robots，already taking over human tasks in the automotive field，are beginning _（see）in other industries as well.（00.4）（01.10）答案：to be seen 考点：begin to do sth.所以用动词不定式，而且用被动式。,4.Anyone _（want）to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics.（00.10）（01.4）答案：wanting 考点：现在分词短语作定语修饰anyone.5.The nations that _ actively _（involve）in earthquake prediction programs include Japan，China，Russia，and the United States.答案：are involved 考点：词组：be involved in sth.6.汉译英：机器人将要在哪些领域替代人的工作呢？（00.10）答案：In what field will robots take over human tasks？7.It is not yet known _ computers will one day have vision as good as human vision.A.whether B.if C.that D.how 答案：A 考点：whether 引导的主语从句。,8.Robots，_（become）increasingly prevalent in factories and industrial plants throughout the developed world，are programmed and engineered to perform industrial tasks without human intervention.答案：becoming 考点：现在分词作状语。9.Robots，becoming _（increase）prevalent in factories，are programmed and engineered to do more jobs.答案：increasingly9.There networks are on the _ for warning signs that show the weakening of rock layers that can precede an earthquake.（01.10）A.eagerness B.alarm C.alert D.guard 答案：C 考点：Text B 中的短语 on the alert,10.汉译英：近年来，计算机在各个领域的应用越来越广泛。In recent years，the application of computers is becoming wider and wider in all fields.In recent years，computers are used more and more widely in all fields.In recent years，computers have been increasingly used in all fields.,补充练习,一、单词、词组英译汉efficiency increasingly install personnel expose reduction completion specific switch critical intensity scale defective in that in question plenty of二、汉译英1.近几年，机器人的应用越来越广泛和深入。In recent years，the use of robots is becoming increasingly wider and deeper.Robots are used more and more widely and deeply in recent years.Robots have been increasingly used wider and deeper in recent years.2.新开发的机器人有触觉，可以看见物体，还能做决定。The newly-developed robots have a sense of touch，are able to see objects，and can make decision as well.3.机器人在汽车行业应用广泛。Robots are employed widely in the automotive industry.The use of robots in the automotive industry is prevalent.4.感光材料、数字照相机都是照相器材。Light-sensitive materials and digital cameras are all photographic equipment.5.机器人与自动化机器有重大的区别。There is a significant difference between robots and automatic machines.There are major differences between robots and automatic machines.,课后练习答案,Text A Exercises for the TextI.1.a 2.c 3.c 4.c 5.bII.1.prevalent 2.welding 3.appliance 4.switch 5.artificial 6.identify 7.convert.into 8.discard 9.defective 10.assembleIII.1.d 2.f 3.b 4.j 5.c 6.i 7.e 8.g 9.h 10.aIV.not;use;sign;one;meant;end;him,V.1.The application of robots has increasingly become prevalent and far-reaching these years.2.The newly developed robots have a sense of touch and the ability to see and make decisions.3.Robots are widely employed in the automotive industry.4.Both light-sensitive materials and electronic digital cameras are photographic equipment.5.Robots differ greatly from automatic machines.,I.Vocabulary Exercises1.a.efficiency b.efficient c.efficiently2.a.have increased b.increasingly pletely pleted pletion4.a.intensify b.intensity c.intensive d.intenseII.1.reduction 2.shade 3.appliance 4.prevalent 5.personnel 6.defective 7.specific 8.capable of 9.in between 10.assembled 11.expose,1.At a critical moment,we should be capable of facing difficulty.2.After considering that problem,they switched their attention to something else.3.Spray the table with paint.4.We should expose children to new ideas.5.We haveplenty of natural resources.6.He was critical of her for her ignorance of law.7.He switched from one occupation to another in the past three years.,Text BExercises for the TextI.1.T 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.T 6.T 7.T 8.T 9.T 10.FII.1.forecast 2.early warning 3.China;Alaska4.the energy level 5.shifting;cracks;faults;crust 6.seismic networks7.radon;ground water es from the radioactive 9.partial;processes10.Haicheng;1975,I.Vocabulary Exercises1.B 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.BII.1.analyze 2.forecast 3.shift4.reliablity 5.preceded 6.subsided7.speculated 8.warning,Thank you all!,