外研版初二英语上m9语法.ppt

,课本知识点,The population of China is about 1.37 billion.The population of sp is.表示sp有多少人。用sp has a population of也可以表示sp有多少人。形容人口（population）的多少用big/large 或 small 当population 作主语时，谓语动词用单数询问某地有多少人口有两种表达方法：1Whats the population of 2.How large is the population of 注意：询问某地有多少人口时不用how many 和 how much,4.hundredthousandmillionbillion等前有数字，用单数形式 three hundred hundredthousandmillionbillion等后有of，用复数形式 thousands of5.noise(n.)噪音 noisy(adj.)吵的 make noise 发出噪音 voice 指嗓音(人说话或唱歌)sound 指一切声音,6.prepare 准备 prepare for 为做准备 prepare to do sth 准备去做某事.Eg：They are preparing for the New Year.We prepare to go fishing next weekend.7.report 报告；报道 make a report 做报告 reporter 记者，通讯员 notes 名词复数形式“笔记 随笔”make notes 记笔记,8.such as for example 例如，比如suchas用来列举事物时,一般列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。插在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间,as后面不可有逗号。I like fruit,such as apples,bananasforexample用来举例说明某一论点或情况,一般只举同类人或物中的一个为例,作插入语,可位于句首、句中或句末。如:Ballgames,forexample,havespreadaroundtheworld.例如,球类运动已经在世界各地传播开了。,9.too much+不可数名词 too many+可数名词 much too+adj.太 Eg：1.I have too much homework to do today.2.That dress is much too long for me.3.There are too many people in the shop on Sunday.,10.increase by+倍数百分数增加了 to+具体增长后的数字增加到Eg:The number of teachers increased by twice.The population of the town increased to 50000.11.be born in+年份地点 I was born in 1985.of+家庭 He was born of a rich family.,12.one fifth 五分之一 分数的表达法：分子在前，用基数词；分母在后，用序数词。当分子大于1时，分母需要用复数 如：two thirds,13.quiet(adj.)安静的；宁静的 quietly(adv.)安静地 quite(adv.)相当，十分Eg：Please keep quiet,my father is sleeping now.She is quite beautiful in that red coat.,14.close to=next to 靠近，挨着（far from 远离）Eg：His house is close to a supermarket.,15.move to 移到 Eg：More and more people move to the big cities these years.,16.local 当地的Eg：The local government should do something to solve the water pollution.17.close down 关闭 This shop closed down last year.,18 It takes sb st to do sth花某人多少时间干某事 sb spend(s)stsm on sth(in)doing sth sth cost(s)sb sm sb pay sth for sm,19.public services 公共服务 a public telephone 公用电话 in public 在公共场合 the public 公众,20.in fact 事实上 all over the world 全世界face danger 面对危险 face to face 面对面地 make a face 做鬼脸 as a result 结果是；因此,21.die from 由于而死(死于外因，事故等)die of 因而死(死于内因，如疾病等)Eg：He died from an accident.A lot of people died of cancers,22.leave 离开(某地)leave for+目的地 前往(目的地)启程去某地 Ill leave for Shanghai next week.leave 还有“忘了带，留下”之意 I left my book at home.,动词 的不定式To do sth,当我们要表示“想做某事、需要做某事或决定做某事”时，就会出现两个动词连用的情况，这时应如何表达呢？,同学们自然会想到want to do sth.,need to do sth.和decide to do sth.等表达方式。,1.不定式作主语不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将作主语的不定式放在句子后部。eg.To help others is good.It is good to help others.帮助他人是件好事。To surf the Internet is exciting It is exciting to surf the Internet.上网是件令人兴奋的事。,2.动词不定式的语法功能：,注意：1.某些表示人的品行的形容词，如kind,good,nice,wrong,careless,wise,foolish,polite,clever,right,unwise,stupid,rude等作表语时，不定式前常可用of引出逻辑主语。Its kind of you to help me with my English.It was stupid of her to make such a mistake.句型为：It is+adj.of sb.to do sth.2.某些表事物性质的静态形容词，如：easy，difficult,important，neccessary，hard等等句型为：It is+adj.for sb.to do sth.It is important for us to learn English well.表语形容词的语义不同是区别for结构和of结构的最重要标志,Of 和for的用法区别,1不定式for结构在句中可以作主、宾、表、定、状、同位语,不定式of结构只能在句中作主语。2.不定式for结构中的名词可以是人，也可以是无生命 的事物,不定式of结构中的名词只能是人.3.作表语的形容词大多是表事物性质的静态形容词用for,如：essential，easy，difficult,important，等等，作表语的形容词大多是表示人物特征的形容词用of,如brave，careless，careful，clever，foolish，good，honest,2.不定式作宾语 学习不定式作宾语时,要注意掌握后接不定式作宾语的动词。常见动词有:want,hope,wish,like,begin,try,need,forget,agree,help,offer,plan,decide,learn,start,hate,prefer等。Many people decide not to think about it.许多人决定不去想这件事。I want to go to the library.我想去图书馆。,注意：在一些复合宾语中，常用it 代替不定式，作形式宾语，而把不定式放在后面。I find it interesting to study English.,口诀（接不定式作宾语的动词）想要学习 早打算（want learn plan）快准备 有希望（prepare hope wish expect）同意否 供选择（agree offer choose）决定了 已答应（decide determine promise）尽力去 着手做（manage undertake）别拒绝 别假装（refuse pretend）失败不是属于你（fail）,接不带to的不定式的词：,感官动词see,look.at,watch,hear,listen使役动词make,let,have,bid（表示）,leave(=let)Had better,would rather顺口溜：一感feel,二听hear,listen to,三让have,let,make,四看see,look at,observe,watch,3.不定式作定语不定式修饰名词或代词，起形容词的作用，在句中作定语，放在被修饰对象的后面，请看下列句子：I have a lot of homework to do.我有很多作业要做。Im hungry.Give me something to eat,please.我饿了,请给我点吃的吧。,注意：Many animals have no place _（live)in.（作定语）Then the pandas will have enough food to eat and enough places to live in.pandas have less and less land to live on.,to live,4.不定式作状语 不定式常常作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。不定式作状语时，要注意不定式的逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致。I came to Beijing to see my grandpa.我来北京看望我爷爷的。Im glad to meet you！很高兴见到你！Im too tired to walk.我太累了，走不动了。注意：Lets find out what we can do _them.（作目的状语）,5.不定式作补语(ask sb.to do sth.;tell sb.to do sth.Wish sb.to do sth.;want sb.to do sth.;would like sb.to do sth.;like sb.to do sth.teach sb.to do sth.make sb.do sth.(省to的动词不定式）不定式可以作补语，如：She told me to buy a ticket.她让我去买张票。6.不定式作表语不定式还可以作表语，如：Our duty today is to clean the floor.今天我们的任务是打扫地板。The difficulty is to stop people killing them.,7.和某些形容词连用be sure/happy/ready/sorry/afraid/glad/excited/surprised to do sth.He is very happy to see his wife.Im sorry to trouble you.8.和疑问词who,what,when,where,which,how构成不定式短语做宾语。I dont know how to use a computer.Can you tell me when to start?,He is too excited to speak.,=He is so excited that he cant speak.,=She is so young that she cant go to school.,She is too young to go to school.,so(such)as to+v.如此以便too to+v.太以致不,too+adj.+to+v.=,so+adj.+that,1.Its dangerous _(play)on the street.2.We go to the playground _(play)football.3.She wants _(buy)a computer.4.Pandas have less and less land _(live)on.5.Our job is _(feed)the animals.6.My mother asks me_(study)hard.7.It is very nice of you _(help)me carry the box.8.I find it hard _(learn)maths well.9.I dont know what _(do)next.10.This room is comfortable _(live)in.,Write sentences.,e.g:it/good/read/that/.1.it/nice/see/her/.2.it/bad/say/that/.,It is good to read that.,It is nice to see her.,It is bad to say that.,3.I/sad/find out/about the panda/.4.he/happy/see/pandas/.5.we/surprised/learn that/.6.I/sad/not/know/about the panda/.,I am sad to find out about the panda.,He is happy to see pandas.,We are surprised to learn that.,I am sad not to know about the panda.,1._ is difficult for him _ the book.A.That;readB.It;to readC.This;to readD.It;read2.Its important _ on time.A.beB.to beC.beingD.to being3.Please stop _ a rest if you feel tired.A.to haveB.havingC.haveD.has4.Its dangerous_(cross)this street for little Tom.5.I felt very excited _(see)so many animals in the zoo.6.What made you decide _(change)job?7.Many animals dont have enough food _(eat).8.Its really kind of you _(help)me with the work.,B,B,A,1.It is great_(get)good marks at school.2.He hurried to school without _(have)breakfast.3.Our country is becoming _ and _(strong).4.Im happy _(have)a nice present.5.Many people decided _(do)something for the homeless children in Yushu.7.Its very nice of you_ me to your birthday party.A.inviteB.invitingC.to inviteD.invited8.Our head teacher told us _ late again.A.not beB.to beC.not to beD.be not9.I have a lot of homework _ this evening.A.doB.to doC.doingD.done10.Do you remember _(return)the book tomorrow?11.Its impossible _(live)without water.12.Its hard _(talk)with him.13.We have a good book _(read).14.Im happy _(have)a nice present.15.The problem is _(make)a right chance.,But it is sad _(think)about all those animals in danger.The surping thing was _(hear)how many animals are in danger.It isnt right _(kill)whales or elephants for their meat.But many people decide_(not think)about it.But it is hard _(stop)the killing.1.Tell him _ the window.A.to close B.not close C.close2.Its important _ the truth.A.know B.to know C.knowing3.I was excited _ from you.A.hearing B.hear C.to hear4.Is there anyone _ to?A.talk to B.to talk to C.talking5.Its wrong _ others.A.to laugh at B.laugh at C.laughing at6.The thing now is _ the right people.A.find out B.to find out C.find,1 I have a lot of work _ A do B to do C doing 2 The teacher asked the boy _ on time.A coming B to come C to come to 3 Its easy _ the questions.A to answer B answering C answered4 She wants _ English well.A to learn B learning C learned5 The animals have less place _.A to live in B live in C to live,1.Would you please tell me next?A.how to do B.what to doC.what do I do D.how I should do 2.The girl wasnt to lift that bookcase.A.too strongB.enough strongC.strong enough D.so strong,一、单项选择。,3.For a time his grandmother found _ accept his new idea.A.hard B.it hard C.it hard to D.it is hard to 4.As she has never been there before,Ill have someone her the way.A.show B.to show C.showing D.showed 5.You drive slowly.The roads are wet.A.had rather B.would ratherC.had better D.would better,6.Nothing can make the brave soldier _ his country.A.turn against B.to turn againstC.to turn to D.turn to 7.In the old days it was difficult for the poor a job.A.find B.to find C.look D.to look for,8.When learning a foreign language,try our best the spirit of it.A.master B.hold C.take hold of D.to master 9.It was foolish his car unlocked.A.for him to leave B.of him to leaveC.for him leave D.him to leave 10.Remember the newspaper when you have finished it.A.putting back B.put back C.to put back D.will put back,11.Napoleon spoke so loudly as to _ in front of his soldiers.A.hearB.be heard C.listen D.be listened to 12.Television and radio _ to know what is going on all over the world.A.made it possible of us B.have made us possible C.have made it possible for us D.have made it be possible for us,13.I have enjoyed my visit here.Ill be very sorry.A.for leavingB.to leave C.if leaving D.to have left 14.I dont see how I could possible manage _ the work without _.A.to finish；helping B.to finish；being helped C.finishing；helping D.finishing；being helped,15.We all think it most foolish _ this mistake.A.for you making B.of you to make C.you to make D.for you to make 16.Because of air pollution being greatly reduced,this city is still.A.a good place which to be lived in B.a good place to live C.a good place to live in D.a good place to live for,17.You were lost on your way to the lake,werent you?Yes,we were and had to stop _ the way.A.asking B.to ask C.asked D.to be asked 18.She felt it a great shame so severely in the presence of her boy friend.A.to criticize B.to have criticized C.to be criticized D.to have been criticized,19.The advertisements are trying people to buy things they dont really need.A.persuade B.persuading C.be persuading D.to persuade 20.If you were much younger,I would arrange as the general manager,for all your colleagues speak highly of your work.A.for you to work B.of you to workC.for you work D.you work,21.On our way back home,we _ lunch because we felt hungry.A.stopped to have B.stop to have C.stopped having D.stoped to have 22.I did nothing but _ my lessons last Sunday.A.go over B.to go over C.went over D.go on,23.Id prefer home rather than a walk.A.to stay;to take B.stay;to take C.to stay;take D.stay;take 24.He was so foolish his car unlocked.A.to leave B.that leave C.as to leave D.for him to leave,25.Your flat needs.Do you want me it for you?A.to clean;to do B.cleaning;doing C.cleaning;to do D.to be cleaned;doing 26.What the scientist said greatly encouraged us the experiment again,but his secretarys words discouraged us the experiment any more.A.to try;to do B.to try;from doing C.for trying;from doing D.trying;to do,二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。,1.Do you know when _(have)a picnic?2.She is very busy today.She has a lot of work _(do).3.Our teacher asked us _(be)careful when we crossed the road.4.Its easy for us _(answer)the question.,to have,to do,to be,to answer,1.We have two rooms _,but I cant decide _.(2010 兰州中考)A.to live,to choose which one B.lived,choose which one C.to live in,which one to choose D.live,which one2.Hell use what he has _ her a new dress.(2009 无锡中考)A.bought B.to buy C.buying D.been bought,C,B,3.Mum,can I have something _?Oh,dear.You can only drink some water.There is _ in the kitchen.(2009?宿迁中考)A.to drink;nothing else B.drinking;something elseC.to eat;something else D.eating;nothing else4.-_ more about tomorrows weather,call 121.-OK,I will.Thank you.(2009 扬州中考)Know B.Knowing C.To know D.Known 5.Please dont forget _ the room while I am away in Beijing.(2009 绵阳中考)A.clean B.to clean C.cleaned D.cleaning,A,C,B,Language practice,It was interesting _(learn)about the Wolong Panda Reserve.But its sad _(think)about all thoseanimals in danger.The surprising thing was _(hear)how many animals are in danger.We need _(protect)them better.It isnt right _(kill)whales or elephants.Its hard _(stop)the killing.,1.我们需要更好地学习。We need _.2.多些阅读是有好处的。Its good _.3.保护动物是重要的。Its important _.4.我希望看见大熊猫。I hope _.5.他有许多事要做。He has _.,to study better,to read more,to protect animals,to see pandas,many things to do,Exercise,1.There were a lot of animals in danger(to read about)There were a lot of animals in danger to read about.2.its surprising about the panda(to find out)Its surprising to find out about the panda.3.they made the reserves pandas(to help)They made the reserves to help pandas.4.they wrote letters people about the tiger(to tell)They wrote letters to tell people about the tiger.5.the government is making plans to other animals(to help)The government is making plans to help other animals.6.its sad so many animals have gone(to think)Its sad to think so many animals have gone.,