克鲁格曼《国际经济学》讲义CH.ppt
Chapter 1,Introduction,Copyright 2006 西南财经大学 吴晓东.,Slide 1-2,Introduction,What is International Economics About?International Economics:Trade and Money,Copyright 2006 西南财经大学 吴晓东.,Slide 1-3,International economics deals with economic interactions that occur between independent nations.The role of governments in regulating international trade and investment is substantial.Analytically,international markets allow governments to discriminate against a subgroup of companies.Governments also control the supply of currency.There are several issues that recur throughout the study of international economics.,What is International Economics About?,Copyright 2006 西南财经大学 吴晓东.,Slide 1-4,The Gains from TradeMany people are skeptical about importing goods that a country could produce for itself.When countries sell goods and services to one another,all countries benefit.Trade and income distributionInternational trade might hurt some groups within nations.Trade,technology,and wages of high and low-skilled workers.,What is International Economics About?,Copyright 2006 西南财经大学 吴晓东.,Slide 1-5,What is International Economics About?,The Pattern of Trade(who sells what to whom?)Climate and resources determine the trade pattern of several goods.In manufacturing and services the pattern of trade is more subtle.-International difference in labor productivity.-The relative supplies of national resources such as capital,labor,and land on one side and the relative use of these factors in the production of different goods on the other.-A substantial random component.There are two types of trade:Interindustry trade depends on differences across countries.Intraindustry trade depends on market size and occurs among similar countries.,Copyright 2006 西南财经大学 吴晓东.,Slide 1-6,Protectionism?Many governments are trying to shield certain industries from international competition.This has created the debate dealing with the costs and benefits of protection relative to free trade.Advanced countries policies engage in industrial targeting.Developing countries policies promote industrialization:Import substitution versus export promotion industrialization.,What is International Economics About?,Copyright 2006 西南财经大学 吴晓东.,Slide 1-7,The Balance of PaymentsSome countries run large trade surpluses.For example,in 1998 both China and South Korea ran trade surpluses of about$40 billion each.Is it good to run a trade surplus and bad to run a trade deficit?Exchange Rate DeterminationThe role of changing(floating)exchange rates is at the center of international economics.,What is International Economics About?,Copyright 2006 西南财经大学 吴晓东.,Slide 1-8,What is International Economics About?,International Policy CoordinationA fundamental problem in international economics is how to produce an acceptable degree of harmony among the international trade and monetary policies of different countries without a world government that tells countries what to do.The International Capital MarketThere are risks associated with international capital markets:Currency depreciationNational default,Copyright 2006 西南财经大学 吴晓东.,Slide 1-9,International Economics:Trade and Money,International trade analysis focuses primarily on the real transactions in the international economy.These transactions involve a physical movement of goods or a tangible commitment of economic resources.Example:The conflict between the United States and Europe over Europes subsidized exports of agricultural products,Copyright 2006 西南财经大学 吴晓东.,Slide 1-10,International monetary analysis focuses on the monetary side of the international economy.That is,financial transactions such as foreign purchases of U.S.dollars.Example:The dispute over whether the foreign exchange value of the dollar should be allowed to float freely or be stabilized by government action,International Economics:Trade and Money,Copyright 2006 西南财经大学 吴晓东.,Slide 1-11,International trade issuesPart I:International Trade TheoryPart II:International Trade PolicyInternational monetary issuesPart III:Exchange Rates and Open-Economy MacroeconomicsPart IV:International Macroeconomic Policy,International Economics:Trade and Money,Copyright 2006 西南财经大学 吴晓东.,Slide 1-12,参考教材：,1.International Economics Theory and Policy Paul R.Krugman Fifth Edition 或第七版,清华大学出版社,2008年9月.2.International EconomicsDominick Salvatore,第九版,清华大学出版社.3.International EconomicsThomas A.Pugel Peter H.Lindert 4.International EconomicsMorde chai E.Kreinin,一种政策方法,第十版,北京大学出版社.5.International Economics 第七版,Steven Husted Michael Melvin,东北财经大学出版社.6.International Economics 第九版,Robert Carbaugh,高等教育出版社.7.International Economics 第十版,罗伯特.J凯伯,中国人民大学出版社.8.International Economics 第四版,丹尼斯.R阿普尔亚得,机械工业出版社,Copyright 2006 西南财经大学 吴晓东.,Slide 1-13,参考文献：,（美）熊彼特，经济分析史，第一卷，商务印书馆，2001年，北京（美）约翰戈登，伟大的博弈，中信出版社，2005年厉以宁，资本主义的起源，商务印书馆，2003年 国际经济学 研究生教材，方齐云、方臻等编著，东北财经大学出版社.中华人民共和国国家统计局网站：中国经济信息网：,
