九年级英语新目标中考专项名词复习课件.ppt
,Grammar Revision 名 词,(Nouns),2015年高考英语专项复习,幻灯片 15,学习目标,1、知道名词的分类2、掌握可数名词的复数(规则变化和不规则变化)3、掌握不可数名词数量的表达法4、了解名词所有格的用法(双重所有格和名词复数所有格)5、注意名词作定语的用法,专有名词:表示人、地方、事物、机构、组织等名称的词。第一个字母一般要大写。如Beijing,China、Lucy、the Great Wall、等。普通名词:表示一类人或事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。如:book、tree等。,一、名词的分类,普通名词,Countable nouns(可数名词),Uncountable nouns(不可数名词),Individual Nouns(个体名词),Collective Nouns(集体名词),Abstract Nouns(抽象名词),Material Nouns(物质名词),二、可数名词的复数形式,可数名词有单数、复数两种形式。名词复数构成形式分规则变化和不规则变化。,一般情况加-s1.清辅音后读/s/map-maps book-books 2.浊辅音和元音后读/z/bag-bags car-cars,名词复数的规则变化(1),以s,x,sh,ch 等结尾的词加-es 读/iz/bus-buses watch-watches 但如果以 ch 结尾的名词发音为 k时,只加 s。stomach stomachs 读/s/,名词复数的规则变化(2),以元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加-s变复数:读/z/monkey-monkeys holiday-holidays,以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y 为i 再加es ies 读/iz/party-parties baby-babies,名词复数的规则变化(3),以f 或 fe 结尾的名词变复数时,去f、fe 加-ves 读/vz/如:half-halvesknife-knives leaf-leaves wolf-wolves life-lives thief-thieves 但也有例外,如 roof-roofs chief-chiefs,名词复数的规则变化(4),a tomato,some tomatoes,some potatoes,some heroes,名词复数的规则变化(5),以o结尾的名词,无生命的加 s 读/z/。如radio-radios zoo-zoos photo-photos,有生命的在词尾加es.它们是“黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿”,Negro(黑人)-Negroes,a hero,foot-feet,child-children,tooth-teeth,mouse-mice,名词复数的不规则变化(1),man-men,woman-women,men doctors,women teachers,one sheep,two sheep,a Chinese,two Chinese,a Japanese,several Japanese,名词复数的不规则变化(2):单复数形式相同,deer-deer,one fish一条鱼,fishes不同种类的鱼各种各样的鱼,three fish三条鱼,some fish一些鱼肉,可数名词,不可数名词,三、不可数名词,不可数名词一般不能用数来计算,没有复数形式。,不可数名词一般包括物质或抽象概念的名词,可归纳如下:,1.表材料:wood,meat,paper,gold2.表抽象:information,knowledge,news,advice3.表食物:food,fruit,water,coffee,milk4.表总称:furniture,clothing5.表自然:air,wind,rain,snow6.表学科:Chinese,Japese,English,math,physics,不可数名词的量的表示法有两种:,1.用much,a little,little,a lot of,some,any等表示多少。如:some milk、a lot of money,2.用”数词+量词+of+不可数名词”来表示多少。如:a piece of news,six bags of rice,two cups of tea,四、名词所有格,名词所有格表示名词之间的所有关系。有两种形式:一种是S所有格;另一种是of所有格。,1.s所有格:原则上只用于表示有生命的人或物的名词。如:the teachers book;the horses tail 然而,时间、距离、太阳、地球、月亮、江河、海洋、船只、国家、城市、团体机构等名词也 可以用s属格。如:todays newspaper;the citys transportation,1.一般的名词,包括不以s结尾的复数名词,在词后加s。如:the childrens book2.以s结尾的复数名词的所有格形式只在词后加。如:the teachers office 3.两者或两者以上共有的所有格形式只在后者用 所有格形式,如:Tom and Mikes room 若表示分别拥有时,则要在每个名词后用 所有格形式,如:Toms and Mikes rooms,2.of 所有格一般用于无生命的东西。如:,the cover of the bookthe door of the room,3.双重所有格有两种形式:of+名词所有格.如:a sweater of Tomsof+名词性物主代词.如:a friend of mine,五、名词作定语,1.一般情况下,名词作定语修饰主体名词时,常用单数形式。如:an apple tree,country music,2.某些名词修饰主体名词时用复数。如:sports meeting,parents meeting,直击中考:看看这节课的内容你掌握的怎样。,1.(2009河南)I like_ a lot,and my mother usually cooks it in different ways.A.fish B.butter C.potatoes D.noodles,2.(2009重庆)How far is your cousins home from here?-Its about two _drive.A.hours B.hours C.hours D.hour,3.(2009广州)The letter from my uncle was short.There wasnt_ news.A.many B.a fewC.much D.few,4.(2009湖北孝感)All the _teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th,because it was their own holiday.A.man B.menC.woman D.women,5.(2009广东)Could you take_for these_?They are very beautiful.any photos;tomatoes B.some photos;tomatoesC.some photos;tomatos D.any photos;tomatos,Thank you for your listening!Bye-bye!,