中考考点代词专讲.ppt

语法互动（二）代词,考点一 人称代词,中考考点1人称代词和物主代词的不同形式及其用法。2反身代词和指示代词的人称和数的变化。3不定代词和疑问代词的基本用法。,1分类 人称代词有人称、数、格的变化。详见下表：,me,us,语法互动（二）代词,2.用法人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或表语，宾格作动词或介词的宾语，也可作表语使用。如：We all like him.(we作主语，him作宾语)Who is it?Its I/me.(it作主语，I/me作表语),you,you,him,she,it,they,语法互动（二）代词,(1)当句中三种人称单数并列时一般顺序是you,he and I(即二、三、一)；复数并列时顺序是we,you and they。(2)it的用法代替前面提到过的事物。如：This is a watch.It is new.这是一块手表，它是新的。指时间、天气、距离等。如：Hows the weather today？今天天气怎样？Its sunny.天气晴朗。Its eight oclock in the evening.现在是晚上8点钟。,语法互动（二）代词,代替动词不定式作句中的形式主语或形式宾语，也可用于某些固定句式中。如：_hard for me_the homework on time.对我而言，按时完成作业有困难。We think it helpful_a walk after supper.我们认为晚饭后散步很有益。_him three days to finish reading the book.他花了三天时间读完了那本书。,Its,to finish,to take,It took,语法互动（二）代词,考点二 物主代词,1分类 物主代词是用来表示所有关系的。物主代词又分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。详见下表：,mine,yours,语法互动（二）代词,2.用法形容词性物主代词不能单独使用，用于名词前作定语，相当于形容词的作用；名词性物主代词单独使用，相当于名词的作用。名词性物主代词形容词性物主代词名词。如：This is his computer.This computer is his.这是他的电脑。,his,its,语法互动（二）代词,考点二 反身代词,1含义反身代词表示“某人自己”。详见下表：,myself,yourselves,themselves,itself,语法互动（二）代词,2.用法(1)反身代词在句子中用作宾语和表语(不能单独用作主语)，和句子中的主语相呼应，表示主语动作的承受者或表现的特征是自己本身。如：The girl is too young to look after _.这个女孩太小，不能照顾自己。(作宾语)(2)反身代词作主语或宾语的同位语，起强调主语或宾语的作用。如：I myself can do this work well.我自己能做好这项工作。(作主语的同位语)You can ask the teacher herself.你可以问问老师本人。(作宾语的同位语),herself,语法互动（二）代词,3固定搭配leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下_ 随便吃/喝by oneself 单独地_ 过得快乐；玩得开心learn by oneselfteach oneself 自学_ 伤害某人自己come to oneself 苏醒say to oneself 心里想；自言自语make oneself at home 别拘束,help oneself to,enjoy oneself,hurt oneself,语法互动（二）代词,考点四 指示代词,指示代词是表示指示概念的代词，可以在句子中作主语、表语、宾语和定语。指示代词有：,1this/that可用于电话用语中，this代表自己，that则代表对方。如：Hello!This is Jane.喂！我是简。Is that Mike？你是迈克吗？Who is that？你是谁？,语法互动（二）代词,2it,one,that的用法区别为了避免重复，可以用it,one,that代替上文出现的名词。注意以下几点：(1)it用来指上文提及的同一个事物或前面提及的情况。it可代替单数可数名词或不可数名词。如：She enjoyed the story because it is very interesting.她喜欢这个故事，因为很有趣。The food is delicious.I like it very much.这食物很可口，我很喜欢。(2)one用以避免重复单数可数名词。它既可代替事物，泛指同类事物中的一个，也可以代替人，其复数形式为ones。,语法互动（二）代词,My sweater is very old.Ill buy a new one.我的毛衣旧了，我要买件新的。The green pencils are yours and the red ones are mine.绿色铅笔是你的，红色铅笔是我的。(3)that用来代替物，不能代替人，它既可以代替可数名词，也可以代替不可数名词，其复数形式为those。如：The population of the city is much larger than that of the town.这个城市的人口比那个镇的人口多很多。The apples in the box are different from those on the table.盒子里的苹果与桌上的苹果不同。,语法互动（二）代词,考点五 不定代词,1定义 不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词。多数可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。常见的不定代词有：some,any,no,none,one,all,every,each,other,another,either,neither,both,many,much,(a)few,(a)little,a lot of,lots of以及some,any,no,every与thing,body或one构成的复合不定代词。2常用的意义相近的不定代词之间的辨析(1)few,a few,little与a little,语法互动（二）代词,He has _ friends，but he has _ good friends.他有一些朋友，但是他几乎没有好朋友。Theres still _ meat at home，but theres _ bread.家里还有点肉，但是几乎没面包了。(2)some与any,a few,few,a little,little,语法互动（二）代词,二者均表示“一些”，既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。some一般用于肯定句，any一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句。在疑问句中，表示说话人希望得到肯定回答或表示请求、建议时用some。如：Would you like _？来点儿茶吗？Will you please get _ for me?请你帮我弄点儿水好吗？(3)both,all,neither,either,any与none,some tea,some water,语法互动（二）代词,My parents are _ teachers.我父母都是老师。There are some trees on _ side of the road.马路两边都有树。I like _ of these two coats.两件大衣我都不喜欢。,both,either,neither,语法互动（二）代词,(4)many,much与a lot of三者都表示“许多”。其中many 和much 常用于否定句和疑问句中；肯定句中常用a lot of。many修饰可数名词复数；much修饰不可数名词；a lot of(lots of)既可以修饰可数名词复数，又可以修饰不可数名词。(5)each与every两者都表示“每个，各个”，each强调每个人或事物的个别情况，即强调个体；every有“全体”的意思，即强调整体。如：_ of them has a dictionary.他们每人有一本词典。_ minute is important to us.对我们来说每分钟都很重要。,Each,Every,语法互动（二）代词,(6)another，(the)other与(the)othersother泛指“另外的”，不能单独使用，后接名词。others等于“other复数名词”，泛指“别的人或物”；the other(单数可数名词)指“两者中的另一个”，常用于“onethe other”结构。the others等于“the other复数名词”，表示“其余所有的人或物”。another 泛指“三者或三者以上中的另一个”。如：Do you have any other ideas?你有别的想法吗？I have two brothers._ is a doctor，_ is a teacher.我有两个兄弟。一个是医生，另一个是教师。,One,the other,语法互动（二）代词,He is always ready to help _他总是乐意帮助别人。Five of them are in the classroom.What about _？他们中有五个人在教室里。其余的人呢？Dont lose heart.Have _ try.别灰心，再试一次。(7)复合不定代词指代人的有：someone/somebody(某人),anyone/anybody(任何人),nobody(没人),everyone/everybody(每个人)。指代事物的有：something(某事，某物),anything(任何事),nothing(没什么)，everything(每件事，一切)。,others,the others,another,语法互动（二）代词,请注意以下几点：以some和any开头的复合不定代词的用法和some,any的用法一样。(some和any的用法见上文)修饰复合不定代词的形容词要放在其后。如：Is there _ in todays newspaper?今天的报纸有什么重要新闻吗？复合不定代词作主语视为单数。如：Nobody _ his name.没有人知道他的名字。,anything important,knows,语法互动（二）代词,考点六 疑问代词,疑问代词主要有who(谁),whom(谁),which(哪一个/哪一些)，what(什么)和whose(谁的)，用来构成特殊疑问句，放在句子开头。如：_ do you want to know?你想要知道什么？_ shirt is this?这是谁的衬衫？,考点过关,用所给词的适当形式填空1Ms Li teaches _(we)math this term.2This isnt _(she)watch.She lost hers.3My schoolbag is the same as _(you),What,Whose,us,her,yours,语法互动（二）代词,4They enjoyed _(they)at the party.5_(that)blue socks look very nice.6Everyone in our class _(study)hard every day.7He doesnt have _(something)to do.8_(whom)spoke at the meeting?9Help _(yourself)to some beef,Jack.10Shall we wait for _(they)at the school gate?11_(we)teachers are very friendly to us.12Bob is a friend of _(I).We often help each other.13Thats my father._(him)is reading a newspaper.,themselves,Those,studies,anything,Who,yourself,them,Our,mine,He,语法互动（二）代词,14She cooked dinner by _(she)15My school is bigger than _(her)16I think the bike cant be _(he)17Jane is sitting between Lily and _(my)18Their books are older than _(we)19Please take some cards to _(she)20Dont make _(his)feel sad.21_(us)should be polite to the old.22My sister has a cat._(it)name is Mimi.23The little boy cant dress _(him)24Does _(somebody)have anything more to say?,herself,hers,his,me,ours,her,him,We,Its,himself,anybody,