专四语法之定语从句.ppt

定语从句,定语从句whose,whose在从句中做定语，修饰名词。所以，如果关系代词后面紧接的是名词，且关系代词又不在从句中做主语或宾语，那么，这个关系代词就应该是whose。如 Above the trees are the hills,_magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.(03,43)A.WhereB.of whoseC.whoseD.which,定语从句which,Which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。Which除了指物以外，还可以指婴儿、动物和表示单数意义的集合名词，此外还可以指人的地位、职业和品格等。The audience which is composed entirely of students is larger than ever.,非限定性定语从句只能用which引导；关系代词前面如果有介词，只能用which。,介词+which的用法如果从句中主宾成分齐全，便可考虑关系代词是否在从句中做状语，而状语通常用介词短语充当，于是可以得知，关系代词前面应有介词，再分析所给的选项，根据与名词的搭配作出正确选择。如：We are not conscious of the extent to which work provides the psychological satisfaction that can make the difference between a full and an empty life.,The party,_ I was the guest of honor,was extremely enjoyable.(06,53)A.by whichB.for whichC.to whichD.at which,在非限制性定语从句中，which的先行项（词）可以是上文整个分句或分句中的一部分。They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time,_ is something we had not expected.(03,61)A.whichB.itC.thatD.what,定语从句that,that引导的定语从句中，that代替物或人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。作宾语时可以被省略。Ive never been to Lhasa,but thats the city _.(99)A.Id most like to visit B.which I like to visit mostly C.where I like to visit D.Id like much to visit,定语从句that,下列情况通常用that引导定语从句：(1)先行词是不定代词anything,something，nothing,everything，little,all,none，few,时，关系代词用that；(2)先行词由形容词最高级或序数词修饰或由next，last,only,very修饰时，用that；(3)先行词被no，every，some，any，only，very，much等限定词修饰时；(4)当并列的两个先行词分别表示人和物时；(5)当关系代词作be的表语时，且先行词是特指时，关系代词通常用that，或省略。That可以指代人或物，用作表语，仅用于限定性定语从句中。,定语从句that,Firms that use computers have found that the number of staff _ is needed for quality control can be substantially reduced.（2000）A.whoseB.asC.what D.thatI was very interested in _ she told me.(09,56)A.all thatB.all whichC.all what D.that,定语从句when，where，why,When，where，why引导定语从句在从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语She remembered several occasions in the past_ she had experienced a similar feeling.(98)A.whichB.beforeC.thatD.when,Have you ever been in a situation _ you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him?(02,54)A.by whichB.thatC.in where D.where,定语从句as,as 同such，the same，as（so）连用，引导限定性定语从句。as和which都可以引导非限定性定语从句，但as在句中的位置比较灵活，可出现在句首、句中、句末，而which只能出现在句末，尤其是当先行词是整个句子时。如：As is true in all institutions,juries are capable of making mistakes.,常见的这类结构有：as has been said before,as has been mentioned above,as can be imagined,as is known to all,as has been announced,as can be seen from these figures,as might/could be expected,as is often the case,as has been pointed out,as often happens,as will be shown等。,The sameas 和 the samethat 的区别其中as 引导的定语从句表示其内容与主句所讲的事物相似，之同类事物；而that 引导是定语从句表示其内容与主句所讲的事物是“同一个”，指同一事物。e.g.This is the same book as l lost last week.This is the same book that l lost last week,定语从句but,but做关系代词，用于否定句，相当于who/that/whichnot,用于no之后这个结构的特点是主句中常有否定词或含有否定意义的词。如：There are few teachers but know how to use a computer.There is no complicated problem but can be solved by a computer.,定语从句than,than可以引导定语从句，是具有比较意义的关系代词，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语等。There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of mountain climbing than _ in the public mind today.(1999)A.exists B.existC.existing D.to exist,