cannot(或cannot)和too的特定用法大学英语四级辅导.ppt
一、too.to结构通常表示否定意义,意思是太不能,太不会.例如:Its too early for us to go yet.现在太早了,我们不会去的.It is too late for us to catch the train.太晚了,我们赶不上火车了.too.for也表示否定意义,相当于too.to,意为太不适合(不能).例如:He is too young for the work他太年轻,不适合这份工作.Its too cold outside for jogging.外面太冷了,不能去跑步.,二、too.to结构并不一定都表示否定意义,遇到下面几种情况时,too.to结构表示肯定意义.1.当too前面有only,all,not,but,never,simply,just等词时,too.to结构表示肯定意义.例如:I am only too pleased to see you.非常高兴见到你.You know but too well to hold your tongue.你深知少说为妙.2.当too后面是 eager,anxious,pleased,kind,willing,inclined,ready,glad,quick等词时,too.to结构表示肯定意义.例如:I am too eager to go there.我太想去那里了.,3.too.to结构的否定形式表示肯定意义,有两种变法:一是在too前加not,构成not too.to,通常否定整个too.to结构而表示肯定含义,意为并不太,所以能.例如:The article is not too difficult to translate.这篇文章并不太难,很容易翻译.She is not too angry to speak up.她不太生气,能够说出话来.另一种方法是在不定式to do前加not,通过否定不定式而表示肯定含义,大致相当于so.that one can,意思是太一定能(不可能不)、太忍不住(不免).例如:He is too clever not to understand the importance of this question.=He is so clever that he can understand the importance of this question.他太聪明了,一定能(不可能不)懂得这个问题的重要性.She was too angry not to say what she thought.=She was so angry that she could not but say what she thought.她太气愤了,忍不住要说出心里的话.,练习:Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1.He is too old to have the book completed.2.It was too good an opportunity to miss.3.He is too much of a coward to fight.4.The river is too wide for us to swim across.5.He is too ready to promise.6.I am too glad to help you.7.He has seen too much of the world not to do better.8.The book is not too difficult to understand.9.The wall is too high for her to climb.10.He is too kind not to be stupid.,参考答案:1.他垂垂老矣,这本书写不完了.2.那是一个很好的机会,不应该错过.3.他太懦弱,不敢抗争.4.这条河太宽了,我们游不过去.5.他总是轻易许诺.6.我非常乐意帮助你.7.他深谙世事,知道如何做得更好.8.这本书不太难,很容易理解.9.这堵墙太高了,她爬不过去.10.他太善良了,难免有些愚蠢.,cannot(或can not)和too连用时的特殊意义及其变体形式,在1997年6月四级考试中，有这样一道选择题：You cannot be careful when you drive a car.A.very B.so C.too D.enough,cannot(或can not)和too连用时的特殊意义及其变体形式,此题的正确答案是C项。Cannot（或can not）和too连用时，绝不能想当然地按“不可能太”来理解，它们连用时构成一个特殊结构，表示一种极为强烈的肯定意义，表示“怎样也不过分”、“应尽量”、“越越好”之意。例如：We cannot estimate the value of modern science too much.现代科学的价值，无论如何重视也不算过分。It cannot be too strongly emphasized that mathematics is the basis of science.数学是科学的基础，这一点无论怎样强调都不算过分。,应该注意的是，cannottoo这一特殊结构有以下一些变体形式，即结构稍有变化但表达意义不变。1）can nevertooOne can never be too careful in ones work.我们的工作越过细越好。2）cannotoverThe importance of making an on the spot investigation cannot be over emphasized.进行现场调查的重要性无论怎样强调也不会过分的。3）can scarcely/hardlytooWe can scarcely pay too high a price for national security.为了国家安全我们不管付出什么代价也不嫌太高。,His contribution to modern science can hardly be overrated.他对现代科学的贡献，无论如何估计也不会过高。（动词overrate中的词头over已包含有too much之意，因为over-含有“过分”、“过头”之意。）4）cannotenough/sufficientI cannot thank you enough for your great kindness.对你的盛情美意我感激不尽。You cannot take sufficient care.你必须十分小心。5）be impossible totoo/overIt is impossible to criticize too severely his conduct.对他这种行为批评得越严厉越好。It is impossible to overpraise his work.我们怎样称赞他的工作也不算过分。,6）be difficulttooIt will be difficult to speak to him too severely.对他讲话要越重越好。7）nocantooNo man can have too many friends.朋友越多越好。No man can have too much money.钱再多也不嫌多。从以上结构形式中可以看出，它们均有一个共同点，即过分否定，导致肯定。抓住这一点，便可举一反三，由此及彼。,
