大学英语四级命题规律和解题技巧.ppt

大学英语四级命题规律和解题技巧,四级考试测试内容、题型和所占分值、比例,四级考试总体格局,一、听力（包括对话、短文、复合式听写）248.5分二、阅读（包括快速阅读和深度阅读）248.5分三、写作+翻译 213分,听力常见问题,1.单词和词组的积累不够，或者不熟悉，思路跟不上。2.语音不过关，建议跟读。3.不适应听力的语境，听的太少。4.对文化背景和常用口语性短语的不熟悉造成理解上的障碍。5.无法长时间集中精力。,练习听力常见错误方法,1.只动耳，不动手2.泛听多、精听少3.娱乐至上,备考听力建议,1、每天都坚持听40分钟-1小时听力练习。2、加强听写的锻炼。3、通过历年真题练习听力（2006-2013）。,2023/11/6,8,听力命题规律和答题技巧,温馨提示：1.首先做好良好的心理准备。2.快速的浏览题目。（8秒看一题）3.边听边作记号，笔记。4.没听懂的题目，就放弃它。5.相信第一感觉。6.检查，检查，再检查（单复，时态）,2023/11/6,9,听力命题规律和答题技巧,温看选项：约有5分钟不到的准备和试音时间看选项，建议：先看长对话；再看短文第三、第二篇，然后看短对话，从后往前看（8-1），看到5题左右，有时间的可以去看section c。不管看到哪里，当听到听力考试正式开始，开始读section a的题干时，立刻回到1题。看时把认为重点地方划下。,2023/11/6,10,听力命题规律和答题技巧,每题之间的间隔约为15秒；答题的时间一般最长不要超过6秒；前6秒答题，后8秒预读下一题选项。超过4秒还选不出答案的要么就随便选，要么就记下点什么待会再选。而且事实证明在4秒钟之内不能选出答案的，就算选了错误的几率也是非常大的。所以千万不要拼命狂想，否则后面的就是多米诺骨牌式的效应了。,2023/11/6,11,短对话命题规律和答题技巧,总体原则：听到什么不选什么如果有超过两个连续单词的选项和原文完全一样，则这个选项基本是错误选项。近几年的短对话大多在考言外之意。,短对话样题,1.A)The man has left a good impression on her family.B)The mans jeans and T-shirts are stylish.C)The man should buy himself a new suit.D)The man can dress casually for the occasion.,2023/11/6,12,短对话样题,1.A)The man has left a good impression on her family.B)The mans jeans and T-shirts are stylish.C)The man should buy himself a new suit.D)The man can dress casually for the occasion.1.M:Finally Ive got the chance to put on my new suit tonight.I hope to make a good impression on your family.W:Come on,its only a family reunion.So jeans and T-shirts are just fine.Q:What does the woman mean?,2023/11/6,13,短对话样题,2.A)Its price.C)Its location.B)Its comfort.D)Its facilities.2.W:From here,the mountains look as if you could just reach out and touch them.M:Thats why I chose this lodge.It has one of the best views in Switzerland.Q:What is the mans chief consideration in choosing the lodge?,2023/11/6,14,短对话样题,3.A)It is a routine offer.C)It is new on the menu.B)It is quite healthy.D)It is a good bargain.,2023/11/6,15,短对话样题,3.A)It is a routine offer.C)It is new on the menu.B)It is quite healthy.D)It is a good bargain.3.M:Miss,can I interest you in the pork special were serving tonight?Its only$7.99,half the usual price,and its very tasty.W:Oh,really?Ill try it.Q:What does the man say about the dish?,2023/11/6,16,短对话样题,4.A)Read the notice on the window.C)Go and ask the staff.B)Board the bus to Cleveland.D)Get a new bus schedule.,2023/11/6,17,短对话样题,4.A)Read the notice on the window.C)Go and ask the staff.B)Board the bus to Cleveland.D)Get a new bus schedule.4.W:This crazy bus schedule has got me completely confused.I cant figure out when my bus to Cleveland leaves.M:Why dont you just go to the ticket window and ask?Q:What does the man suggest the woman do?,2023/11/6,18,短对话样题,5.A)He is ashamed of his present condition.B)He is careless about his appearance.C)He changes jobs frequently.D)He shaves every other day.,2023/11/6,19,短对话样题,5.A)He is ashamed of his present condition.B)He is careless about his appearance.C)He changes jobs frequently.D)He shaves every other day.5.M:Shawns been trying for months to find a job.But I wonder how he could get a job when he looks like that.W:Oh,that poor guy!He really should shave himself every other day at least and put on something clean.Q:What do we learn about Shawn?,2023/11/6,20,短对话样题,6.A)The woman had been fined many times before.B)The woman knows how to deal with the police.C)The woman had violated traffic regulations.D)The woman is good at finding excuses.,2023/11/6,21,短对话样题,6.A)The woman had been fined many times before.B)The woman knows how to deal with the police.C)The woman had violated traffic regulations.D)The woman is good at finding excuses.6.M:Why didnt you stop when we first signaled you at the crossroads?W:Sorry,I was just a bit absent-minded.Anyway,do I have to pay a fine?Q:What do we learn from the conversation?,2023/11/6,22,短对话样题,7.A)She got hurt in an accident yesterday.B)She has to go to see a doctor.C)She is black and blue all over.D)She stayed away from work for a few days.,2023/11/6,23,短对话样题,7.A)She got hurt in an accident yesterday.B)She has to go to see a doctor.C)She is black and blue all over.D)She stayed away from work for a few days.7.W:My hand still hurts from the fall on the ice yesterday.I wonder if I broke something.M:Im no doctor,but its not black and blue or anything.Maybe you just need to rest it for a few days.Q:What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?,2023/11/6,24,短对话样题,8.A)She will ask David to talk less.B)She will meet the man halfway.C)She is sorry the man will not come.D)She has to invite David to the party.,2023/11/6,25,短对话样题,8.A)She will ask David to talk less.B)She will meet the man halfway.C)She is sorry the man will not come.D)She has to invite David to the party.8.M:I really cant stand the way David controls the conversation all the time.If hes going to be at your Christmas party,I just wont come.W:Im sorry you feel that way,but my mother insists that he come.Q:What does the woman imply?,2023/11/6,26,短对话样题,1.Q:What does the woman mean?(2)2.Q:What is the mans chief consideration in choosing the lodge?(2)3.Q:What does the man say about the dish?(1)4.Q:What does the man suggest the woman do?(2)5.Q:What do we learn about Shawn?(2-1)6.Q:What do we learn from the conversation?(2-1)7.Q:What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?(1)8.Q:What does the woman imply?(2),2023/11/6,27,2023/11/6,28,短对话命题规律,否定转折题型：当文中出现否定词或转折词时，其后面的内容通常为答案（答案后置原则）如：but,yet,however否定：1.否定代词：nothing,nobody,no one,neither,none,nor,not at all.2.否定副词：never,hardly,rarely(几乎没有)，little,few,seldom.3.否定动词：doubt(怀疑)，fail，=didnt pass,miss(错过),drop(放弃)=give up,be tired of(厌倦)=dont like.,2023/11/6,29,短对话命题规律,重复反问题型：第二个人用不可思议的语气重复第一个人话中的词，认为第一个人的表达的程度不恰当，然后进一步申述自己的意思。在四级考试中重复的多是形容词，认为程度不够。当文中出现重复词时，其后面的内容通常为答案A:Its a bit warm out today.B:Warm?You can fry an egg on the sidewalk.,2023/11/6,30,短对话命题规律,态度方向题：选项中一般有两个相反选项。短对话中第一个人提出一个观点或一个一般疑问句，第二个人的回答Yes or No，后面再进一步解释原因。尤其关注yes 后的回答，有时往往是相反的。表示“Yes”“赞同”的一组词：And.；Ill say；You said it.；You can say that again.；and how；isnt it,though；arent they,though；You bet.；Of course；Certainly；Indeed；Sure.表示“No”的一组词：Are you kidding/joking/serious?No kidding/joking.Who told you that?Says who/you?Where did you an idea like that?,2023/11/6,31,短对话命题规律,态度方向题：选项中一般有两个相反选项。短对话中第一个人提出一个观点或一个一般疑问句，第二个人的回答Yes or No，后面再进一步解释原因。尤其关注yes 后的回答，有时往往是相反的。I wouldnt miss the football game for anything!用否定的句子表达肯定的含义。I couldnt agree with you more.表示同意could be better 不好couldnt be better 很好could be worse 还不错couldnt be worse 糟糕透顶-My rent is going to be increased.My motocycle needs repair and I have to go to the dentist.-Well,I think things could be worse.（安慰）,2023/11/6,32,短对话命题规律,态度方向题(言外之意）：1）陈述回答型：回答不直接给yes or no，委婉的说出答案。M:I need to find a dentist;you said you know Dr.Smith well,do you recommend her?W:Well,I had to see her a few times,but what impressed me most was the magazines in her waiting room.Q:What does the woman imply?,2023/11/6,33,短对话命题规律,态度方向题(言外之意）：2)疑问回答型W:I hear that the Edwards are thinking of buying another house.M:Should they be doing that with all the other expenses they have to pay?Anyhow,they are over 70 now,their present house is not too bad.Q:What does the man imply?表示反对：Should.he/she/we/they.be doing.?,2023/11/6,34,短对话命题规律,建议题型:第一个人有麻烦时，第二个人回答如果知道如何解决则提出一个建议，如果不知怎么办则安慰第一个人。建议本身就是答案。表示安慰：Dont worry.Never mind.Take it easy.Calm down.表示建议：You should.You ought to(oughta).Shouldnt you比you should 语气强烈的多Why not.Why dont you.How about.What about.If I were you I would.=You should.had better.Lets.Is there anything wrong with.Its high time.早就应该这么做了（表达强烈主观愿望，选项中找shoul）Its time.Its right time.Its about time.Its just time.,2023/11/6,35,短对话命题规律,悲惨原则：通常要办的事情都是不顺利的谈论买东西肯定买不到，谈论订房肯定订完了，谈论交通肯定拥挤，谈论车肯定坏掉，谈论考试肯定不及格，谈论野餐肯定下雨。男女原则：一般男生比较衰，女生比较牛。男生提出的观点女生都是不同意或有不同看法的，反之女生提出的观点男生都是同意和赞赏的。男生的特征:脏、乱、差、浪费、穷、小气、不良习惯、迟钝、不顾家女生的特征:爱干净、节约、富有、好学、能干、聪明、大度、耐心、恋家、除数理化外成绩都很好,2023/11/6,36,短对话命题规律,短对话话题:（校园生活）1）课程（course）一般很难，very challenging；2）作业包括assignment，paper，essay，presentation，experiment 等形式，作业一般很多，很难，学生功课很忙，经常遇到阻碍。经常询问同学论文的进展速度，也很关心别人对自己的论文怎么评价；男生一般很紧张，女生却比较从容；3）考试一般很难，学生很喜欢“临时抱佛脚”（尤其男生），女生比男生用功，考的好，还很爱帮助男生上进，往往站在教育者的角度教育男生；4）教授的课（含lecture，presentation等）的内容难，极为枯燥，速度快，跟不上，很难听懂但是学生却对教授评价甚高；5）图书馆找资料，借的书过期未还或是保留本不让外借。6）同学互助一般为：帮助照看东西、帮忙通知信息、帮忙补课等7）学生兼职一般做：助教、服务生、社会调查等；8）宿舍里，同学听音乐、玩游戏，影响了自己正常学习，然后提出自己看法。,2023/11/6,37,短对话命题规律,短对话话题:（校园生活）作业话题：1、paper 论文：（1）paper 常用词义：paper 论文；newspaper 报纸；papers 文件；paper 纸（2）research 查询资料。对应场景library图书馆。（3）写论文的步骤：第一步，选题topic，选题难，范围广。第二步，查询资料research，图书馆场景。第三步，打出论文。typewriter 打字机，computer 计算机，printer 打印机，laser printer 激光打印机，laptop 笔记本电脑。论文没打完，typewriter/computer坏了break down 或者typewriter需要新的ribbon（色带）。（4）题目难选，资料难查，打字困难（机房总被占）。奖学金：fellowship；RA 助研：research assistant；TA 助教：teaching assistant,2023/11/6,38,短对话命题规律,短对话话题:（校园生活）作业话题：2、presentation 口头演讲，口头报告：（1）同义词：report,speech,address。（2）考点：I.着装正式 formal clothes（考试中另一个考到着装正式的考点是interview面试），II.演讲人的内心感受：nervous紧张的。3、reading assignment 阅读作业：文科学生reading list读书清单。抱怨需要读的书多。【study 表过程；learn 表结果。search 表过程；find 表结果。try 表过程；manage 表结果】,2023/11/6,39,短对话命题规律,短对话话题:（日常生活）吃：（校内、校外）校内：饭堂cafeteria（不好吃）校外：restaurant有waiter,menu,order,reserve a table,make a reservationapple pie 苹果派（好吃）打电话场景：1、约人约不到：make an appointment 主要指约医生2、约会去不了：come up,reschedule,fit sb.in3、电话打不通，打错了：run out of coin,cut off（被中断；hang up 主动挂断）相关词汇：receiver 听筒 slot 投币孔 dial 拨号telephone book=yellow pages 电话簿,2023/11/6,40,短对话命题规律,短对话话题:（日常生活）机场场景：1、票已售完。2、接人晚点。3、送人伤感。机场线索词：airplane 飞机；flight 航班；take off 起飞；land 降落；circle 盘旋；wing 机翼；terminal 候机大厅，终端（常用），终点站交通话题：1、交通堵塞：traffic jam,back up,heavy2、交通违章：要罚款3、交通晚点：behind schedule4、交通事故：超速或者是躲避不及；学生一般命大，遇到交通事故(甚至飞机坠毁)，往往车(包括自行车)毁而人无大碍，受点轻伤或者毫发未伤步行是一种锻炼方式；骑自行车可以回避高峰，但车胎容易没气（flat tire）;乘巴士方便，但中途容易出故障（break down）；开车上班容易塞车(much traffic jam)；坐火车可以看风景（sightsee）,但火车上食物不好，因此经常选择自己带食物或提前吃。,2023/11/6,41,短对话命题规律,短对话话题:（日常生活）医院场景：1、医生难找。2、病情如何。3、有病耽误课。miss the class 缺课 缺课的原因：(1)生病get ill(2)睡过了头over sleep(3)交通问题，车坏了等。购物场景：1、超市supermarket：购买生活用品 supplies（便宜）2、百货公司department store：服装；家用电器 appliance（贵）,2023/11/6,42,短对话命题规律,短对话话题:（日常生活）找工作场景：工作难找，面试要做充分准备1、搜集工作信息，来源如下：classified ad 分类广告 help and wanted section 供求关系版 bulletin board 公告板 flier 传单2、打电话确认工作是否还available：make a phone call。3、准备工作简历resume v.重新开始；n.个人简历。4、面试interview：需携带证书certificates；需出示身份证明identification；判断你是否具有qualification；出示推荐信reference letter。,2023/11/6,43,短对话命题规律,短对话话题:（日常生活）看show场景;一般人多票难买找人一般找不到谈论天气一般极端不好对电影的评价基本上是负面的,2023/11/6,44,场景词汇,饭店:menu,order,waitress,waiter,take order,go Dutch,Its my treat 等；旅馆:check in/out,make a reservation,register,reception desk 等；医院:physician,doctor,nurse,operation-room,emergency room,visiting hours,prescribe,pill 等；,2023/11/6,45,银行：open an account,withdraw,deposit,saving,cash a check 等；飞机/机场：flight,safety-belt,boarding card,captain,airhostess,airline,take off,land,crash 等。,2023/11/6,46,短对话总结,1、后句比前句重要，回答比提问重要2、若选项中个别单词或短语被明显播读，此项多为错项;同义词替换选项正确可能性大3、关注对话潜在规则,2023/11/6,47,重点题型,1）地点 根据对话内容判断对话发生的地点或对话中所提事件发生的地点是四级英语听力测试中常见的也是比较重要的一个题型。地点题一般有以下几种：(1)根据信息词设题(2)借助对话中提到的多个地点设题,2023/11/6,48,(1)根据信息词设题 W:Dear,I feel hungry now.How about you?M:So do I.Let me call room service.Hello,room service.Please send a menu to 320 right away.Q:Where are the two speakers?A.In a hotel.B.At a dinner table.C.In the street.D.At the mans house.该题通过 hungry 和 menu 来迷惑同学们，引导大家选择 B，其实，本题所借助的信息词是 room service 和 320 这个房间号，答案是 A。,2023/11/6,49,M:Can you stay for dinner?W:Id love to.But I have to go and send some registered mail before picking up the children from school.Q:Where will the woman go first?A.To the school B.To a friends house.C.To the post office.D.Home 本题借助 registered mail 设题，答案是 C。但这里同样也有地点的辨析问题，要求同学们能听出是 首先到地方。,2023/11/6,50,M:Excuse me,Im looking for the emergency room.I thought that it was on the first floor.W:It is.This is the basement.Take the elevator one flight up and turn left.Q:Where did the conversation most probably take place?A.In a library B.In a hotel.C.In a hospital.D.In an elevator 本题设题所依据的信息词是 emergency room，只要考生了解其语域就可判断答案为 C。,2023/11/6,51,(2)借助对话中提到的多个地点设题 有时对话中提到的地点不只一个，这时，一般是将所有的地点都包括在选项之中。这种情况下，同学们不必考虑信息词问题，只要能将地点与其相关事件联系起来就可确定答案。,2023/11/6,52,M:I did not see our boss yesterday.Has he come back?W:He was just back from France besides visiting Britain，Germany，and Spain.Q:Which country did the boss visit first?A.France B.Britain C.Germany D.Spain 四个地点都是访问过的地点，要求同学们能够分清先后。答案为 B。,2023/11/6,53,M:Will Mr.Smith come to the party at the weekend?W:Hell be supposed to，but he wont be back from his trip until the next week.Q:Where will Mr.Smith be on Saturday?A.At the party B.At home C.Still on his trip D.Back from his trip.本题是将地点与时间连在一起，要求同学们在听的同时注意区别每个事件所发生的时间，答案为 C。,2023/11/6,54,2.职业、身份 根据说话内容判断说话者的身份和职业是四级听力测试中一常见题型。该题型的题项设计有两种：(1)说话者自身的身份或职业(2)说话双方之间的关系,2023/11/6,55,说话者自身的身份或职业 根据谈话内容判断说话者一方的职业或身份：W:Good evening,Professor David.My name is Susan Gray.Im with the local newspaper.Do you mind if I ask you a few questions?M:Not at all.Go ahead,please.Q:What is Susan Gray.A.A writer.B.A teacher.C.A reporter.D.A student.由 local newspaper 可以判断说话者是位记者，在采访。,2023/11/6,56,M:How about the food I ordered?Ive been waiting for 20 minutes already.W:Im very sorry,sir.Ill be back with your order in a minute.Q:Who is the man most probably speaking to?A.A shop assistant.B.A telephone operator C.A waitress.D.A clerk.与 order 有关的自然是 waitress，答案为 c。,2023/11/6,57,(2)说话双方之间的关系 该题型是上一题型的延伸，要求同学们能判断说话者双方的身份。问题经常是 Whats the relationship between the two speakers?W:How long will it take you to fix my watch?M:Ill call you when its ready.But it shouldnt take longer than a week.Q:What is the probable relationship between the speakers?,2023/11/6,58,Librarian and student.B.Operator and caller.C.Boss and secretary.D.Customer and repairman.既然女士让男的 fix my watch，说明对方是 repairman，而自己是 customer。,2023/11/6,59,M:Sorry to trouble you.But is there any possibility of borrowing a blanket?I feel cold.W:I think weve got one.Could you wait until after take-off please?Q:What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?A.A guest and a receptionist.B.A passenger and an air hostess.C.A customer and a shop assistant.D.A guest and a waitress.take-off 一词的使用说明女的是空姐，答案自然是 B。,2023/11/6,60,可以看出，职业、身份以及说话双方关系的选择所依据的同样是信息词。当然，要判断双方的关系，还可以从说话的方式入手。如：M:Make thirty copies for me and twenty copies for Mr.Brown.W:Certainly sir.As soon as I make the final corrections on the original.Q:Whats the relationship between the two speakers?A.Boss and secretary.B.Lawyer and client.C Teacher and student.D.Nurse and patient.两人间说话的语气和方式表明是 老板与秘书 的关系。,2023/11/6,61,3）计算题 计算题要求同学们不仅能分辨不同的时间、金钱等数量概念，还应能将听到的各个数量联系起来进行加减运算。如：M:Your son seems to have made much progress in playing the piano.Does he attend any piano classes?W:Yes,he takes lessons twice a week,but from next week on,he will go to the class on Saturday evenings,too.,2023/11/6,62,Q:How often will the womans son have piano lessons from next week on?A.Once a week.B.Twice a week.C.Three times a week.D.Four times a week.两次加一次自然是三次，答案是 C。,2023/11/6,63,W:Professor Clark said that the mid-term exam would cover the first 15 lessons.M:Really?I thought it only included the first 12 lessons.Then I must spend the weekend to go over t