非谓语动词用法比较　.ppt

非谓语动词用法比较,1动词不定式和动名词作主语比较,动名词作主语表示习惯性的经常性的或抽象的动作，不定式作主语表示具体的一次的动作，特别是将来的动作。例如：_ is a good form of exercise for both young and oldAThe walk BWalking CTo walk DWalk,B,2.动词不定式、动名词、分词作表语比较,（1）不定式和动名词作表语的区别同作主语一样。动名词表示一般或抽象的多次性动作，不定式表示具体的或一次性的动作，特别是将来的动作His job is building houses(泛指)Our task now is to increase food production,(2)现在分词作表语表示主语所具有的特征，“令人的”，过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态“感到”。Traveling is interesting but tiringHe is interested in English.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier，_ it more difficult Anot make Bnot to make Cnot making Ddo not make,B,4、动词不定式、分词作宾语补足语比较 在see,hear,watch,notice等感官动词后作宾补时，不定式指动作的全过程；现在分词指正在进行的动作的一部分，强调当时的情景，且表主动意义；过去分词指已经完成的动作，且表被动意义。We heard her sing this song before we went in.我们听她唱完这首歌才进去。We heard her singing this song when we got there.我们到达时，听见她在唱这首歌。We often hear this song sung by her.我们经常听见她唱这首歌。(歌是被唱),2)用在have,get,leave等动词后作宾补时，动词的-ing形式强调进行的状态或持续状态，动词的-ed形式表示被动关系。,We tried our best,but still couldnt get the machine running.(强调启动，进入工作状态)The farmers got the planting done before the rains came.(被动，已完成),3)用在with复合结构中,动词的-ing形式表示主动关系，动词的-ed形式表示被动关系,to do表示将来。,With the boy leading us the way,we had no difficulty in finding her house.(主动关系，lead为男孩的动作),With homework done，Jim went out to play football.(被动关系，作业是被做)With much work to do,he couldnt have a rest.,5不定式、动名词、分词作定语比较,不定式作定语表示“将要”，现在分词表示“正在”或主动，过去分词表示“已经”或被动。The Olympic Games，_in 776 BC，did not include women players until1912 Afirst playing Bto be first played Cfirst played Dto be first playing,c,6.不定式、动名词、分词作状语比较 动词的-ing形式做状语与动词的-ed形式做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。to do 引导的结果状语表示出人意料，-ing 引导的结果状语表示自然而然的结果,_late in the morning，Bob turned off the alarm ATo sleep BSleeping CSleep DHaving slept,A,_such heavy pollution already，it may now be too late to clean up the river AHaving suffered BSuffering CTo suffer DSuffered_more attention，the trees could have grown better AGiven BTo give CGiving DHaving given,A,A,