学术英语医学Unit2分析解析.ppt

Unit 2,Resurgent and Emergent DiseasesAlthough great progress has been made in the treatment andprevention of diseases in the last century,there is no reason for complacence.Human health is constantly threatened not only by emerging diseases but also by re-emerging ones once thought to have been controlled or eradicated.What causes new diseases?Why do the old enemies resurge?What resources are available for us to meet such challenges?What measures should we take to prevent and reduce those threats?This unit helps you to gaininsight into those issues.,Listening,Unit 2 Resurgent and Emergent Diseases,Listening,Finding Major PointsPausing before starting an important pointUsing repetition to emphasize a pointChanging the pitch,volume and rhythm of his/her voice for emphasisUsing introductory phrases to precede an important idea.For instance,“It is essential for you to know”,“Remember that”Use facial gestures or body movement when they are emphasizing a point,Listening Suggested answersKey to Task 1 of Listening,as incomes rise,health can decline diabetes,obesity,cardiovascular disease and cancera change in lifestyle/in dietthe decline of overall health of a countrythe local community and the South African government,prosperity and non-communicable diseasesEconomic prosperity in India and ChinaRising incomeA growing middle classDecline in health:a surge of non-communicable diseasediabetesobesitycardiovascular diseasecancer,Text C Suggested answers Key to Task 2 of Listening,Text C Suggested answers Key to Task 2 of Listening,Project HOPEA calling on the U.N.:strong actions onTreatmentPreventionThe health-based NGO:programs in 35 countries on 5 continentsProject HOPEL the HOPE Center located in Johannesburg,South Africa,Text C Suggested answers Key to Task 2 of Listening,rise in food prices and healthDiet change as a result of sharp rise in food priceA major blow to the poorLess healthy food(fruits and vegetables)but more cheaper,less healthy foodDecline of overall health of a country,strained public health system in South AfricaA well documented problem with HIV and TBMore people going into the clinics with diabetes and hypertension,Text C Suggested answers Key to Task 2 of Listening,Text C Suggested answers Key to Task 2 of Listening,the mission of Project HOPE centerDiabetes clinic with the latest diagnostic and treatment optionsPeer support groups to help people manage their diseasemake healthier lifestyle changesTraining government health workers about NCDs to help raise general awareness,Unit 2Resurgent and Emergent Diseases,Unit Contents,Lead-in,Text A,Text B,Text C,Get ready for Unit 3,Listening,Speaking,Writing,Lead-in,Issues to be coveredTask,Unit 2 Resurgent and Emergent Diseases,Lead-in,information-filling task,Page 26,Text A,Critical reading and thinking Topics for presentation Useful expressions Difficult sentencesSuggested answers,Page 26,Text A Critical reading and thinkingTopics for presentation“Old enemies never die.”,Page 26-30,Topics for presentation1.What do the two choices imply?,Page 26,Text A Critical reading and thinking,“New Flu Strain Spreads:Death Toll Reaches Half Million.”1.通行费 toll gate2.(死亡、事故或灾难的)总数 3.造成恶果(或不利影响、痛苦等)Winter takes its toll on your health.冬天对健康不利。,“New Flu Strain Spreads:Death Toll Reaches Half Million.”1.(人的)血缘,世系;种She is of a noble strain.她出身名门。2.(动植物的)种,品种This strain of wheat can grow during a cold spring.这种品系的小麦能在寒冷的春天生长。,“New Flu Strain Spreads:Death Toll Reaches Half Million.”1.通行费 toll gate2.(死亡、事故或灾难的)总数 3.造成恶果(或不利影响、痛苦等)Winter takes its toll on your health.冬天对健康不利。,2.How has the medical condition changed since 1969?,Appearance of new diseases such as AIDS and Ebola Comeback of the old afflictions Diphtheria in the former Soviet UnionTB in urban centers like New York City Rising Group A streptococcal conditions like scarlet feverThe fear of a powerful new flu strain sweeping the world,Text A Critical reading and thinking,Topics for presentation,Text A Critical reading and thinking Useful expressions,Surgeon General“close the book on infectious disease.”medical communityJournal of the American Medical Associationrespiratory infections,Page 26,We know better.更明白事理,没愚蠢到，不会上当 Fools may believe you,but I know better.傻子或许会相信你,我可不会。我不会愚蠢到干出这种事情来。I know better than to do such a thing.,Text A Critical reading and thinking Difficult Sentences,“Emergence”is in fact regression,a return to the standard that prevailed universally in the previous century,“出现新病”实际上是一种退步，又回到上个世纪普遍存在的水平。,Page 27,Text A Critical reading and thinking Difficult Sentences,which never really went away,though upscale opera buffs might have thought it was confined to productions of“La Boheme”虽然上层社会的歌剧迷们也许觉得结核病只是歌剧波西米亚人中的情节，而事实上,结核病就从来没有消失过。歌剧波西米亚人的女主人公死于肺结核。,Page 27,Text A Critical reading and thinkingTopics for presentation3.How has the battle been joined?,WHO:establishment of a new division devoted worldwide surveillance and control of emerging disease in Oct.1995CDC:launching prevention strategy in 1994Congress:raising fund from$6.7 million in 1995 to$26 million for 1997,Illustration by the film,Dustin HoffmanOutbreak,Page 27,Topics for presentation 4.What is the value of making a list of diseases to be monitored?,Page 27,Text A Critical reading and thinking,That said,1.That said,heres a word of warning:moocs wont stay free forever.尽管如此，还是需要提醒你一下：MOOC不会永远免费。2.That said,networking is perhaps the single best way to achieve success.也就是说，联络似乎是一个通向成功的最佳方法。,Text A Topics for presentation 5.Exemplify the statement that“Every returning condition marches to the beat of a different drum.”,Page 28,Every returning condition marches to the beat of a different drum.“These re-emerging infections each have a little winkle to them that is important.”每种回归疾病的步调各有不同。“这些再现的疾病，其各自特征都与以前有所不同，这点很重要。”1.妙计;好主意Ill give you a wrinkle or two.我给你出几个点子。2.方法;技巧;(方法等的)创新,TBPrisons and homeless shelters as ideal venues for TB spread Strains of TB have also developed drug resistanceA ride on the HIV wagon by attacking the immunocompromised,Page 28,Text A Critical reading and thinkingTopics for presentation,Hitch a ride:搭便车;搭顺风车 We can hitch a ride to London on a lorry.我们可以免费搭乘卡车去伦敦.,Group A strepA change in virulenceMutation in the exterior of the bacteriumfleshing-eating bacteria of 1994rheumatic feverscarlet fever,Page 28,Text A Critical reading and thinkingTopics for presentation,Flesh-eating disease is the common name for necrotizing fasciitis(坏死性筋膜炎).Flesh-eating disease can be caused by a number of different bacteria,including group A streptococcus(GAS).GAS is a very common bacteria.It is the same bacteria that causes scarlet fever and rheumatic fever.In rare instances,GAS will cause serious illnesses,including pneumonia,meningitis and blood poisoning.,For no good reason:没有好的理由，无正当的理由 That child is always crying for no good reason.那个孩子总是无缘无故地哭.,fluConstantly changes in its coat(surface antigens)and resultant changes in its level of virulenceLooming next flu pandemic as bad as that of 1918,Page 28,Text A Critical reading and thinking,Topics for presentation,If there isit isFor emphasisE.g.如果有什么需要改变，那就是改变本身。If there is anything that needs change,it is change itself.,Lay up:If someone is laid up with an illness,the illness makes it necessary for them to stay in bed（疾病）使卧床 E.g.She was laid up with pneumonia for six weeks.我染上了急性风湿，卧病在床。I was laid up in bed with acute rheumatism.,When it came to treating influenza patients,doctors,nurses and druggists were at a loss.No one knows exactly how many people died during the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic.During the 1920s,researchers estimated that 21.5 million people died as a result of the 1918-1919 pandemic.More recent estimates have estimated global mortality from the 1918-1919 pandemic at anywhere between 30 and 50 million.An estimated 675,000 Americans were among the dead.,the pandemic of 1918-1919,The flu virus is a trickster,constantly changing its surface antigens.“Old wine in new bottles.”A larger-scale genetic shift“New wine in new bottles.”,In place,1.在对的位置,在适当的位置 They put in place the tools of my new business.他们把我干这一新行当所需要的用具安放得井井有条。2.适当的,适合的 The proposal is not quite in place.那个提议并不十分适当。3.在工作；准备就绪,Text A Critical reading and thinking Topics for presentation 6.What has caused pertussis,diphtheria,and malaria to become familiar again?,Page 29,Text A Critical reading and thinkingKnowledge of the subject matter,Vaccination practicesneurological complicationsthe waning of immunitya crumbling public health infrastructureorganized vaccination efforts,Page 29,Wind up with:,Even after going through this analysis,you may wind up with no clear-cut answer.即使你仔细地进行了分析,最终你仍可能得不到清晰的答案.,Text A Critical reading and thinkingKnowledge of the subject matter,with stagnant water serving as mosquito breeding pools繁殖，繁育Frogs will usually breed in any convenient pond.通常青蛙会在任何条件适宜的池塘中繁殖。That kind of readiness can keep future headlines free of worldwide pandemics.有了这样的充分准备，全球性流行病将来就不再成为头条新闻了。,Page 29,Discipline,A discipline is a particular area of study,especially a subject of study in a college or university.学科，科目 Youve got to make sure that people work together across disciplines.你必须确保让那些出身不同学科的人一起共事。,Text A Critical reading and thinking Topics for presentation 7.What are the CDCs four areas of focus?,Need for surveillanceUpdated science capable of dealing with discoveries in the fieldAppropriate prevention and controlStrong public health infrastructure,Task 1 Medical Terminology,Page 33-34,Text A Suggested Answers,Text A Language building-upTask 2 Signpost Language Classification,two choicessix diseasestypekindkind,Page 35,Text A Language building-up Task 3 Formal English,1.vanquished2.sentiment 3.venues4.crumbling 5.quipped 6.prevailed,Page 35-36,Text C,Language building-upSuggested answers,Text C Suggested answersKey to Task,Speaking,How to interrupt politelyTask,Unit 2 Resurgent and Emergent Diseases,Speaking,How to Interrupt PolitelyInterrupt and take your turn at the right timeUse the right expressionIf I could just come in here.May I Excuse me,but Could I please just finish my point?As I was saying,Speaking,How to Interrupt PolitelyInterrupt and take your turn at the right timeUse the right expressionSorry to interrupt,but.Id just like to say that.What do you think about.?,Speaking,Now work with a partner and use the polite expressions listed above to ask each other to clarify the following terms without referring to Text A and Text B.re-emergent infectious diseasesmulti-drug-resistant strainthe immunocompromisedscreening programmes pandemic influenzaspathogenic microbelatent tuberculosisdrug resistance,Task,Speaking,Resurgent tuberculosis is not confined only to UK.It is global,and China is no exception.It is urgent and pertinent to know the current situation of tuberculosis prevalence in China,which calls for an investigation.Work in a small group and conduct a research focused on the following aspects in China:historical review of TB epidemiologycurrent incidence of TBmeasures and policies adopted to control and prevent the disease.,Group Presentation,Writing,Writing a title Task,Unit 2 Resurgent and Emergent Diseases,WritingResearch Paper Project,A medical journal article mainly consists of:titleauthorabstractkey wordsintroductionmethodsresults/findingsdiscussion/commentconclusionreferences,WritingResearch Paper Project,Features of a good titleAccuracySay what you mean,and mean what you say.ConcisenessWrite with precision and economy.InformativeSay enough about what you want to say and what the readers need to know.,Writing a title,WritingResearch Paper Project,Forms of a titleAll words capitalizedPATIENT-PHYSICIAN RELATIONSHIP IN SURGICAL STUDENTSContent words capitalizedPatient-physician Relationship in Surgical StudentsOnly the first word capitalizedPatientphysician relationship in surgical students,Writing a title,WritingResearch Paper Project,Search the journals like JAMA and New England Journal of Medicine to find some papers with titles of the following types.,Task,WritingResearch Paper Project,Noun PhraseGerundSentenceCombination,Task,Get ready for Unit 3,Presentations for Unit 3,Unit 2 Resurgent andEmergent Diseases,Get ready for Unit 3 Presentations for Unit 3,How was Terrys life before she was diagnosed with MS?(Page _)How much do you know about MS and autoimmune disease?(Page _)What did Terry do before she self-experimented?(Page _)What approaches did Terry mainly use to deal with neurodegeneration?(Page _)Give one example to illustrate the correlation between toxic load and diseases.(Page _)What does the tile“The Seventy Percent Solution”mean?(Page _),