选修7module2名词性从句.ppt

名词性从句点归纳及应用,名词性从句 Noun Clause,主语从句Subjective Clause,宾语从句 动词后 介词后Objective Clause,表语从句Predicative Clause,同位语从句Appositive Clause,主语从句在句中做-宾语从句在句中做-表语从句在句中做-同位语从句在句中-,主语从句,主语（谓语前）,宾语（谓语后）,表语（系动词后）,同位语（抽象名词后）,1.That he will come is certain.,2.I know that he will come.,3.The truth is that I have been there.,4.The fact that she was late surprised us.,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,指出下列各名词性从句的种类,1.It depends on whether he will agree to the plan.2.She sensed that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark coat.3.The truth is that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far.4.When we will start is not clear.5.Theres a feeling in me that well never know what a UFO is.,介词宾语从句,表语从句,动词宾语从句,主语从句,同位语从句,宾语从句,宾语从句通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。,1.作动词的宾语 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略),例如：I heard that he joined the army.(2)由what,whether(if)引导的宾语从句，例如：She did not know what had happened.I wonder whether you can change this note for me.,返回目录,(3)动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如：She told me that she would accept my invitation.2.作介词的宾语，例如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.It depends on whether you can do the work well.这取决于你能否把工作做好。,3.作形容词的宾语，例如：I am afraid(that)Ive made a mistake.注意：that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。,返回目录,4.it 可以作为形式宾语 it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。例如：We think it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation.,5.否定的转移 若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：I dont think this dress fits you well.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。I dont suppose he cares，does he？我想他不在意，是吗？,返回目录,6 insist，suggest，demand，order，propose后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，其结构为：(should)动词原形。He suggested the meeting(should)be put off.他建议会议应延期。,The worst is that you show up and drink my poison 表语1.定义：在复合句中充当表语的从句叫表语从句。,表语从句,The question is whether we can rely on him.Thats because we were in need of money at that time.He looked as if he was going to cry.Thats why I was late.表语从句:在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后.作用：对主语进行解释说明。,表语常位于系动词后，故表语从句也常位于系动词后，常见的系动词分为五类：Abe类（am,is,are,was,were）B“变得”（表由一类状态转为另一类状态）get,become,grow,turn,fall,come,go,run等C“保持”（表某种状态）remain,keep,prove,rest,continue,stay等D感观类:look,sound,taste,smell,feelE“似乎，好象”seem,appear,True or False.1.This is that what we want.2.Shanghai is no longer that it used to be.3.The problem is how will we get there.4.The reason why he didnt come was because he was ill.5.The problem remains if he will go there.6.My suggestion is that you can take more exercise 7.The reason is he is a student.,F,F,F,F,F,what,We will,that,whether,F,should,F,that,1.定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。,2.构成：关联词+简单句,主语从句,主语从句,that whether who whom whose what which when where why how,从 句引导词:,1.That he knows Japanese is known to all.,他懂英语,这一点大家都知道,令我惊讶的是在这儿见到他.,3.When he will come is unknown.,他什么时候来不清楚.,That无词义,不可省略,What“什么”,“所.的”,2.What surprised me was to see him here.,When“什么时候”,位于句首,4.Whether he is coming doesnt matter much.,他来不来没什么要紧的,他们是怎么登上山顶的仍是个秘密.,5.It remains a secret how they climbed up the mountain.,主语从句不用 if,How怎样（方式）,1 _(他会成功)is certain.2(他是否去那儿)is not known.3（他所说的）is not true.4（他把钱藏哪儿）is to be found out.5（任何来的人）is welcome.6（我们可以怎样帮助双胞胎）will be discussed at the meeting.7（他们什么时候开始那项工程）has not been decided yet.,What he said,That he will succeed,Whether he will go there,Where he hid the money,Whoever comes,How we can help the twins,When theyll start the project,一般情况下，主语从句均看作单数概念。“what”引导主语从句时，谓语动词：1）常与其后作表语的名词一致 2）根据句子的语境而定。,1.When he will hold the party _ not clear yet.(be)2.What we need more time.(be)3.What you left only several old books.(be)4.What I say and think _ none of your business.(be)5.What he says and does agree.(do not),is,were,is,dont,主谓一致,is,主语从句引导词：连接代词：连接副词：连词：,who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whatever,whichever,when,where,why,how,that,whether,为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.,1.It is certain that he will succeed.2.It is not known whether he will go there.3.It has not been decided yet when theyll start the project.,That he will succeed is certain.hether he will go there is not known.hen theyll start the project has not been decided yet.,It 作主语的常用句型有:,1.It+be+形容词+that 从句,2.It+be+名称词组(duty/pity.)+that 从句,3.It+be+过去分词(said/thought.)+that 从句,4.It+不及物动词(seem/happen.)+that 从句,It is a pity that we cant go swimming.,It is said that he told her everything.,It happened that I was out that day.,It is certain that he will do well in the exam.,真可惜我们不能去游泳.碰巧那天我外出了.他考试肯定会考好.据说他已告诉了她一切.,同位语从句,语法精解(一),1.同位语the Appositive 同位语是句子成分的一种,它位于名词、代词后面,说明它们的性质和情况,它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。,同位语的表现形式有以下几种：(1)名词 Tom,our monitor,is a handsome boy.(2)代词 I myself will do the experiment.(3)数词 She is the oldest among them six.,(4)从句 He told me the news that the plane had exploded.他告诉我飞机爆炸的消息。,2.同位语从句the Appositive clause(1)同位语从句的定义 在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它在句中起同位语的作用。,语法精解(二),它一般放在fact,news,idea,truth,hope,problem,information,belief,thought,doubt,promise,question 等名词的后面,对前面的名词作进一步的解释,说明前面名词的具体含义。引导同位语从句的词有连词that,连接副词how,when,where,whether,what等。,e.g.1The hope that he may recover is not gone yet.2 The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.3 I have no idea when he will come back.,同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开：,注意:,1 The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow.2 Word came that their team had won.,同位语从句的表现形式:由that引导 1 The fact that you havent enough time to do the work is simply unbelievable.2 The hope that he may come here is not gone yet.,3 The news that he has been elected president of the United States is true.4 The truth that heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed is known to all.5 The problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists.,由whether引导 The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed.由when引导 I have no idea when they will go.,有时可用 namely(即),that is to say(也就是说),in other words(换句话说),that is(那就是),for example 等引出同位语,说明其前面的名词或代词。有时同位语直接跟在名词或代词的后面。,He told us the good news,namely,the museum is open to all.There is only one way of improving your English,that is,to practice more.Altogether Dolly had lived for six years,half the length of the life of the original sheep.,练习,1.Two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet./The fact worries their parents and teachers a lot.,The fact that two fifths of all girls in America are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot.,把下面两个句子连成一个含同位语从句的复合句。,2.The Queen of England was on a four-day visit in China./We heard the news last night.,We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a four-day visit in china.,3.Teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online./Many Chinese parents hold the view.,Many Chinese parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online.,4.Time travel is possible./We have no scientific proof for the idea.,We have no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible.,5.Students should be given more free time./The suggestion is welcomed by many people.,The suggestion that students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people.,用名词性从句完成下列句子。1.The news _ _(她通过了高考)is exciting.2.Mike made a promise _ _(他将帮助我学习英语),that she has passed the national college entrance examination,that he would help me with my English.,One of them held the view _ the book said was right.A.what,that B.that,what C.that D.whether,单项选择,五、名词性从句 归纳 难点 考点,1 名词性从句中的连接词:从属连词:连接代词:连接副词:,that/whether(if),what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever,where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever,2、语序-名词性从句从句一律用陈述语序陈述语序,1.It makes no difference where shall we have the meeting.()2.It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.(),_,_,3、名词性从句连接词的选用,（1）that 和what 的选用,that 和 what 都可引导所有的名词从句。但是，what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。,that/what,1._ he wants is a book.2._ he wants to go there is obvious.3.The result is _ we won the game.4.This is _ we want to know.5.Is _ he told us true?6.We should pay attention to _ the teacher is saying.7.I have no doubt _ he will come.8.I have no idea _ he did that afternoon.,What,That,that,what,what,what,that,what,that/what/which,he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.he said so at the meeting astonished everybody present.(08北京）The companies are working together to create they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.I read about it in some book or other.Does it matter _ it was?,What,That,what,which,what 相关句式,我们尽我们所能来解决这个问题。1.We did _ we could to solve the problem.2.We did all _we could to solve the problem.他不再是以前的那个人了。He is no longer _ he used to be.众所周知，他很诚实。1.It is known to all _ he is honest.2._ is known to all is that he is honest.3._ is known to all,he is honest.,what,what,What,that,that,As,原先是学校的地方建起了一家医院。1.A hospital was set up in _ used to be a school.2.A hospital was set up in the place _ there used to be a school.3.A hospital was set up _ there used to be a school.,what,where,where,a.主语从句b.表语从句c.同位语从句e.介词后的宾语从句f.whether to do 做动词宾语 whether or not 连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if.,不能使用if 的情况：,（2）.引导词if和whether的区别,I dont care if/whether he will come to my party.Whether she will go home or not is unknown.The question is whether we can collect enough money.,1.I asked her _ she had a bike.2._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3.Were worried about _ he is safe.4.I dont know _ he is well or not.5.I dont know _ or not he is well.6.The question is _ he should do it.7.The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.8.I dont know _ to go.,if/whether,Whether,whether,whether/if,whether,whether,whether,whether,if/whether,（3）引导词who与whoever的区别 whoever引导名词性从句时，相当于anyone who或those who，它 既是从句的主语，又是主句的主语。而who只作从句的主语，它 引导的从句才是主句的主语。Whoever has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.Who will be elected president doesnt make much difference to me.,（4）.引导词what与whatever的区别 whatever引导名词性从句时，与what差不多，只是语气上更强 些，有“任何一切”之意。It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.This is exactly what I want.,（5）.同位语从句与定语从句的区别 同位语从句用于解释前面名词的内容，从句本身是一个非常完 整的句子，所以其前的名词在同位语从句中不作任何成分；定语从句对其前的名词加以限制和修饰，从句本身不够完整，因 此其前的名词在定语从句中通常作主语、宾语或表语等成分。I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.,We express the hope that they will come to visit China again.(同位语从句)Those who want to go please sign their names here.(定语从句),The news that they won the match is true.(同位语从句)The news that you told us yesterday is true.(定语从句),The order when we should go back hasnt reached us.(同位语从句,）The day when New China was founded will never be forgotten.(定语从句),（6）.whoever与no matter who；whatever与no matter what whoever和whatever既可以引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语 从句；no matter who和no matter what只引导让步状语从句。Whatever(No matter what)you may think，Im going ahead with my plans.Take whatever you need and leave me alone.,（7）其它连接代词和副词的连用,主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义,正确的选择 who、which、when、where、why、how 等连接词，这些连接词既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。,我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。_ we shall hold our sports meeting is not decided.我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。I dont know _ broke the glass yesterday.我不知道他长的什么样子。I have no idea _ he looks like.这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。This is _ I left my glasses.,When,who,what,where,that 可省略的情况：,that不可省略的情况：主语从句表语从句同位语从句用it做形式宾语的宾语从句并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词that 不能省略,引导词that 的省略,单个宾语从句中的that可省略,（8）,1.I dont think _ she is coming.2.It is a pity _ he has made such a mistake.3.The reason is _ he is careless.4.The news _ our team won the match inspired us.5.I dont think it necessary _ you should read English aloud.6.He told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone.,(that),that,that,that,that,(that),that,that/(that),1.We all thought _ a pity that we had missed the lesson.A.so B.such C.it D.that2.One of the men held the view _ the book said was right.A.what,that B.that,which C.that,what D.which,that3.You may have one of these;in other words,you may have _ you choose.A.whichever B.what C.no matter what D.no matter which,Practice time,4.After three hours climbing,they reached _ they thought was the place theyd been dreaming of.A.what B.which C.where D.that 5.-I saw your neighbor break your window with a basketball.-_ made me nearly mad.A.That he broke it B.What he broke it C.He broke it D.His break it,6.One of them held the view _ the book said was right.A.what that B.that what C.that D.whether,7.The reason _ he has to go is _ his mother is ill in bed.A,why;why B.why;because C.why;that D.that;because8.They received orders _ the work be done right away.A.which B.that C./D.when,9.I have no idea _.A.how to do B.when shall we start out for the trip C.what has happened to my wife D.how much have they earned,10.I think _ certain that she will do well in her exam.A.that B.this is C.it D.whats11.The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.A.until B.that C.when D.where,12.Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he was likely to lose control over the plane.A.where B.which C.what D.why13.Thats the only thing _ he can do now A.which B.all C.that D.what,14.Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A.while B.that C.when D.as15.Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas.A.which B.that C.what D.whether,16.There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _ road conditions need _.A.that;to be improved B.which;to be improved C.where;improving D.when;improving,17.Along with the letter was his promise _ he would visit me this coming Christmas.(2004春季上海)A.which B.that C.what D.whether,答案B。这是一个同位语从句,解释promise的具体内容,要用that引导。,高考题,18.Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _ a cure for AIDS will be found.(05广东卷)A.which B.that C.what D.whether,38.Danby left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon.（05浙江卷）Awho Bthat Cas Dwhich,19.Doris success lies in the fact _ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others.(06年上海 春招）A.which B.that C.when D.why,20.Do you have any idea _ is actually going on in the classroom?（05辽宁卷）Athat Bwhat Cas Dwhich,21.Theres a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is not ever.(2002年上海)A.that B.which C.of which D.what,解析:答案A。同位语从句that well never know what a UFO is not ever作a feeling的同位语，解释a feeling 的具体内容。that连接同位语从句时，只起连接作用，不作从句的任何成分。,22.Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.(2001年上海)A.while B.that C.when D.as,解析：答案B。That引导从句作information的同位语，解释information的具体内容。,23.A story goes _ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.A.when B.where C.what D.that24._ is no possibility _ Bob can win the first prize in the match.(2001上海春）A.Therethat B.Itthat C.Therewhether D.Itwhether,1.填入适当的连接词，并判断是定语从句还是同位语从句：1)The fact_ he used to be a thief is known to all.2)We were surprised by the fact _ she told us.3)The next