软件技术的新热点面向服务的计算.ppt

2005.112005.11,1,软件技术的 新热点：面向服务的计算 Service-Oriented Computing(SOC),西北大学软件工程研究所 郝克刚,2,2005.112005.11,Service-Oriented Computing(SOC)讲座大纲,软件技术的新热点：面向服务的计算。发展的历史渊源：从 结构化设计、面向对象、面向构件 到面向服务。面向服务的结构 SOA。服务的描述。服务的发现。服务的组合。模型和理论。结束语。,3,2005.112005.11,一，软件技术的新热点,面向服务的计算Service-Oriented Computing(SOC)，面向服务的结构Service-Oriented Architecture(SOA).,4,2005.112005.11,Bill Gates:Microsoft.NET Today June 14,2001,Much of the information your business needs is locked up in centralized databases,served up a page at a time to individual users.Worse,Web pages are simply a“picture”of the data,not the data itself,forcing many developers back to“screen scraping”to acquire information.todays standalone applications and Web sites create islands of functionality and data.Solving such problems is the key challenge for the next generation of the Internet.At the heart of the solution is eXtensible Markup Language,or XML.With the help of XML-based technologies such as SOAP and UDDI,they are creating a new type of software,5,2005.112005.11,各软件公司纷纷提出对策。Microsoft 比尔盖茨关于消除信息孤岛的讲话。Sun.面向服务的体系结构因其固有的松散耦合与互操作性，成为许多企业应用的自然选择。使用 J2EE 提供的 Web 服务功能可以很容易地构建能够访问现有业务流程的 SOA 系统。IBM推新软件与服务 隶属面向服务体系结构。Oracle。应用程序网格计算的特征和优点恰恰是面向服务体系结构(SOA)的特征和优点。,6,2005.112005.11,World Wide Web Consortium(W3C),an international consortium where Member organizations,a full-time staff,and the public work together to develop Web standards成立工作组，Web Services Addressing Working Group,Web Services Description Working Group Web Services Architecture Working Group Semantic Web Services Interest Group Web Services Choreography Working Group制定标准：XML-RPC,SOAP,UDDI&WSDL,7,2005.112005.11,国际会议,International Conference of Service Oriented Computing（ICSOC）Trento,Italy(2003)New York City,USA(2004)Amsterdam,the Netherlands(December 12-16,2005)Service Engineering The Structured Approach to SOA A CBDI Forum Meeting 5th and 6th December 2005-,London,8,2005.112005.11,2005中国软件技术大会,即将于11月26、27日在京举办.被誉为“下一代软件架构”的SOA由概念走向实践，得到了业界的一致认同和追捧，可算是当今最热门的话题。BEA 产品技术总监将为大家带来SOA实施的产品策略，意在教会大家用基础服务架构释放IT潜能；微软中国软件 架构首席顾问则带来了微软以SOA模式开发现代企业应用系统需要一个全面支持Web Services标准的编程模型和运行平台；Sybase 高级系统顾问带来了面向SOA的新一代应用集成开发工具；正邦软件技术总监，东方通科技的副总设计师带来了金融与电信的SOA架构，新一代面向服务的企业整合技术与中间件平台,9,2005.112005.11,计算机学报 2005.4。（相当于专辑）,题目：分布应用集成核心技术研究综述题目：面向服务的知识发现体系结构研究与实现题目：一种有效负载均衡的网格Web服务体系结构模型题目：一种面向服务的动态协同架构及其支撑平台题目：Web服务组合的基于文法的消息处理题目：网格环境合同计算元服务的设计与应用题目：面向服务的织女星网格系统软件设计与评测题目：Web服务描述语言QWSDL和服务匹配模型研究题目：领域自适应的Web服务评价模型题目：面向服务的本体元建模理论与方法研究题目：基于服务网关的虚拟服务缓存的研究和应用题目：一种服务网格动态信息聚合模型及其应用题目：一种支持业务端编程的服务虚拟化机制VINCA-VM题目：一种基于移动Agent的复合Web服务容错模型题目：一种Web服务的测试数据自动生成方法题目：CGSP作业管理器合成服务的QoS优化模型及求解,10,2005.112005.11,题目：一种支持QoS约束的Web服务发现模型题目：基于本体论和词汇语义相似度的Web服务发现题目：基于进化分布式本体的语义Web服务动态发现题目：服务部署与发布绑定的基于P2P网络的Web服务发现机制题目：一种基于QoS的服务构件组合方法题目：基于Pi-演算的Web服务组合的描述和验证题目：基于领域本体的Web服务动态组合题目：基于对象代理模型的工作流视图实现题目：基于重写逻辑的Web服务事务处理形式化描述题目：服务网格中的事务服务及基于Petri网的正确性分析题目：一种面向服务的权限管理模型题目：面向服务的角色访问控制技术研究题目：一种面向业务用户的大粒度服务组合方法题目：GSML：一种面向交互和协同的用户端编程语言题目：一种适用于服务组合平台的语境信息使用模式题目：基于目标驱动和过程重用的Web服务客户化定制模型题目：一种支持领域特性的Web服务组装方法题目：一种面向服务、事件驱动的企业应用动态联盟构造方法,11,2005.112005.11,大学研究生课程,Department of Computer Science North Carolina State University Course on Service-Oriented ComputingChapter 1:Computing with ServicesChapter 2:Basic Standards for Web ServicesChapter 3:Programming Web ServicesChapter 4:Enterprise ArchitecturesChapter 5:Principles of Service-Oriented ComputingChapter 6:Modeling and RepresentationChapter 7:Resource Description Framework(RDF)Chapter 8:Web Ontology Language(OWL),12,2005.112005.11,大学研究生课程,Chapter 9:Ontology ManagementChapter 10:Execution ModelsChapter 11:Transaction ConceptsChapter 12:Coordination Frameworks for Web ServicesChapter 13:Process SpecificationsChapter 14:Formal Specification and EnactmentChapter 15:AgentsChapter 16:Multiagent Systems,13,2005.112005.11,大学研究生课程,Chapter 17:OrganizationsChapter 18:CommunicationChapter 19:Semantic Service SelectionChapter 20:Social Service SelectionChapter 21:Economic Service SelectionChapter 22:Building SOC ApplicationsChapter 23:Service ManagementChapter 24:SecurityChapter 25:Challenges and Extensions,14,2005.112005.11,专著,Thomas Erl Service-Oriented Architecture A Field Guide to Integrating XML and Web Services,15,2005.112005.11,Web Services EssentialsDistributed Applications with XML-RPC,SOAP,UDDI&WSDLBy EthanCerami,16,2005.112005.11,Service-Oriented Computing:Semantics,Processes,Agentsby Munindar P.Singh,Michael N.Huhns,17,2005.112005.11,二，发展的历史渊源：,从结构化、面向对象、面向构件 到面向服务。结构化分析与设计：流程图，模块图。面向对象的分析和设计：“从对象（物体、概念或实体）的角度考虑问题域和逻辑解决方案”，对象定义为“特点在于具有许多操作和状态（记忆这些操作的影响）的物体”。基于组件（构件）的设计：粗粒度对象。通过内聚一些更细粒度的对象来提供定义良好的功能。通过这种方式，可以将打包的解决方案套件封装成“组件”。面向服务的结构：它是将组件描述成提供相关服务的封装的可执行代码单元。粗粒度的可发现软件实体通过松散耦合，和基于消息通信的接口与应用程序和其他服务交互。,18,2005.112005.11,19,2005.112005.11,计算机科学与技术的发展（一）,一,计算机的诞生和图灵机器。二，高级语言和编译系统。三，数据库及有关理论。四，程序的正确性证明，形式语义和时态逻辑学。五，算法，判定问题和算法复杂性。六，计算机的系统结构，应用，图形学等。七，人工智能。,20,2005.112005.11,计算机科学与技术的发展（二）,面向对象的方法、UML模式和框架（Patterns and Frameworks）。面向方面的编程和开发(AOP,AOD)。软件构件技术。公共对象请求中介结构 CORBA。分布式构件对象模型 DCOM。JAVA2 环境平台企业版 J2EE。过程管理系统 Petri 网理论。CMM与软件过程的度量和优化。基于Internet技术和Web服务的软件设计。Semantic Web Servies 和面向服务的计算SOC.,21,2005.112005.11,新世纪软件技术大讲坛-郝克刚等主编(共十七讲),编者的话 软件是新世纪信息时代社会的最重要的基础设施，随着Internet 技术的飞速发展，目前软件技术正处在重大变更时期。为了使软件专业的学生，特别是博士生、硕士生，能了解目前软件技术发展的现状和及时跟踪国际软件先进技术，特组织编写了这本新世纪软件技术大讲坛。,22,2005.112005.11,新世纪软件技术大讲坛-郝克刚等主编(共十七讲),第一讲：新世纪软件技术面临的挑战（郝克刚）第二讲：现有构件技术评述和理想构件技术初探（王斌君）第三讲：CORBA分布式对象计算综述（华庆一）第四讲：Java、EJB和J2EE技术综述（董云卫）第五讲：关于COM+组件边界和同步的研究与分析（鱼 滨）第六讲：DCOM的分布式体系结构及实现机制分析（鱼 滨）第七讲：模式(Pattern)与框架(Framework)技术综述（董云卫）第八讲：可扩展标注语言XML综述（杨红丽）第九讲：统一建模语言UML和Rational统一过程RUP（龚晓庆）,23,2005.112005.11,第十讲：Web服务技术标准与规范（龚晓庆）第十一讲：软件复用技术综述（刘建宾）第十二讲：软件重构技术综述（刘建宾）第十三讲：PSP、TSP及CMM综述（侯 红）第十四讲：形式化方法-程序的正确性验证（王斌君）第十五讲：RAISE 规范语言及其开发方法（杨红丽）第十六讲：B抽象机符号语言及其形式化开发方法（刘建宾）第十七讲：基于属性文法的图形用户界面规约方法（华庆一）,新世纪软件技术大讲坛-郝克刚等主编(共十七讲),24,2005.112005.11,新世纪软件技术大讲坛-郝克刚等主编(共十七讲),“I T 之源”网站：西北大学网站，个人主页下：http:/,25,2005.112005.11,不断发展的多样性,CORBA/COSS/MDA,COM/DCOM/.NET,Java/RMI/J2EE,“单极”模式,“英联邦”模式,“联合国”模式,多种标准多种文化,SOA、SOC,26,2005.112005.11,Brief History of Information Technology,27,2005.112005.11,System Architectures:Centralized,Mainframe,Terminal,3270,Terminal,Terminal,Terminal,Terminal,Terminal,Terminal,Terminal,Terminal,Terminal,Terminal,主机,终端,28,2005.112005.11,System Architectures:Client-Server,E-MailServer,WebServer,DatabaseServer,PCClient,PCClient,PCClient,WorkstationClient,Master-Slave,29,2005.112005.11,System Architectures:Peer-to-Peer,30,2005.112005.11,System Architectures:Cooperative,31,2005.112005.11,Kinds of Networks,InternetIntranet:network restricted within an enterpriseExtranet:private network restricted to selected enterprisesVirtual Private Network(VPN):a way to realize an intranet or extranet over the InternetWhen we talk about Internet computing or Web services,we consider all of the above as possible environments,32,2005.112005.11,The Major Trends in Computing,Mainframe(主机)many people share a computerPersonal Computer(个人计算机)one computer,one person Internet(因特网)-Widespread Distributed Computing.transition to.Ubiquitous(Pervasive)(无处不在、适普)Computing many computers share each of us,33,2005.112005.11,Mainframe Computing,Desktop Computing,Ubiquitous Computing,34,2005.112005.11,Open Environments:Characteristics,Cross enterprise boundaries or administrative domains 跨企业跨部门Comprise autonomous resources that包含许多自主资源，松散的结构。Involve loosely structured addition and removalRange from weak to subtle consistency requirementsInvolve updates only under local controlFrequently involve nonstandard dataHave intricate interdependencies,35,2005.112005.11,Autonomy(Usage)自主性,Independence of business partners(users)业务合作伙伴的独立性Political reasonsOwnership of resourcesControl,especially of access privilegesPaymentsTechnical reasonsOpacity of systems with respect to key features,系统关键特性不透明,36,2005.112005.11,Heterogeneity(Construction)异构,Independence of component designers and system architectsPolitical reasonsOwnership of resourcesTechnical reasonsConceptual problems in integrationFragility of integrationDifficult to guarantee behavior of integrated systemsBest not to assume homogeneity,37,2005.112005.11,Dynamism(Configuration)动态配置,Independence of system administratorsNeeded because the parties changeArchitecture and implementationBehaviorInteractionsMake configurations dynamic to improve service quality and maintain flexibility,38,2005.112005.11,Historical View of Services over the Web,39,2005.112005.11,三，面向服务的结构 Service-Oriented Architecture(SOA).,服务提供者：服务提供者将自己的服务和接口契约发布到服务注册中心。它的服务注册后，即成为一个可通过网络寻址的实体，可以接受和执行来自使用者的请求。服务注册中心：服务注册中心接受服务提供者的服务注册，并在一个可用服务的注册存储库中保存。它是服务发现的支持者，允许感兴趣的服务使用者查找和发现所需的服务的接口。服务使用者：服务使用者是一个应用程序、一个软件模块或需要一个服务的另一个服务。它通过对注册中心中的服务的查询，发现和选择所需的服务，通过传输绑定服务提供者提供的服务，并且根据接口契约执行服务功能。,40,2005.112005.11,服务注册中心,服务使用者,服务提供者,发布：服务提供者发布服务描述，以使服务使用者可以发现和调用它,发现：服务请求者查询服务注册中心来找到满足其标准的服务。,绑定和调用：服务使用者根据服务描述中的信息来调用服务。,41,2005.112005.11,服务提供者和需求者的分离和松散联系,42,2005.112005.11,不同的理解和定义,Service-Oriented Architecture:A set of components which can be invoked,and whose interface descriptions can be published and discovered(W3C).The policies,practices,frameworks that enable application functionality to be provided and consumed as sets of services published at a granularity relevant to the service consumer.Services can be invoked,published and discovered,and are abstracted away from the implementation using a single,standards-based form of interface.(CBDI),43,2005.112005.11,四，服务的描述 Service Description,什么是这里指的服务Like objects and components,services represent natural building blocks that allow us to organize capabilities in ways that are familiar to us.Similarly to objects and components,a service is a fundamental building block that Combines information and behaviour.Hides the internal workings from outside intrusion.Presents a relatively simple interface to the rest of the organism.,44,2005.112005.11,Where objects use abstract data types and data abstraction,services can provide a similar level of adaptability through aspect or context orientation.Where objects and components can be organized in class or service hierarchies with inherited behaviour,services can be published and consumed singly or as hierarchies and or collaborations.,45,2005.112005.11,Web services are not inherently service oriented,Enabled by Web services,46,2005.112005.11,Enabled by SOA,47,2005.112005.11,Description,The description should be unambiguous,formal representations ofA services functionalityA services nonfunctional attributesA users needs and preferences,48,2005.112005.11,Interactions,Via Methods,Via Messages,Purchasing(),CatalogService(),Order(),invoke,invoke,catalog,confirmation#,49,2005.112005.11,SOAP(Simple Object Access Protocol),Used to exchange messages via HTTP,SMTP,and SIP(Session Initiation Protocol for Internet telephony)Originally designed for remote-procedure calls(RPC)Works through firewalls on port 80Character-based,so easy to encrypt/decrypt and thus easy to secureInefficient due to character,not binary,data and large headersDoes not describe bidirectional or n-party interaction,50,2005.112005.11,WSDL:Web Services Description Language,Describes a programmatic interface to a Web service,includingDefinitions of data typesInput and output message formatsThe operations provided by the serviceNetwork addressesProtocol bindings,51,2005.112005.11,Semantic Web,The World Wide Web has changed the way people communicate with each other and the way business is conducted.Most of todays Web content is suitable for human consumption.Person must browse selected documents to extract the information he is looking for.The meaning of Web content is not machine-accessible.The term Semantic Web comprises techniques that promise to dramatically improve the current WWW and its use.to represent Web content in a form that is more easily machine-processable and to use intelligent techniques to take advantage of these representations.,52,2005.112005.11,Ontologies 本体（论）,The term ontology originates from philosophy.However,the specific technical meaning given by computer science is rather different from the original one.T.R.Grubers definition,An ontology is an explicit and formal specification of a conceptualization.In general,an ontology describes formally a domain of discourse.Typically,an ontology consists of a finite list of terms and the relationships between these terms.,53,2005.112005.11,The terms denote important concepts(classes of objects)of the domain.For example,in a university setting,staff members,students,courses,lecture theaters,and disciplines are some important concepts.The relationships typically include hierarchies of classes.A hierarchy specifies a class C to be a subclass of another class C0 if every object in C is also included in C0.For example,all faculty are staff members.,54,2005.112005.11,本体描述语言,W3C先后推荐了RDF（S），DAML+OIL和OWL作为本体描述语言标准。Resource Description Framework(RDF)W3C RecommendationDAML The DARPA Agent Markup Language DAML+OIL(W3C)is a semantic markup language for Web resources.It builds on earlier W3C standards such as RDF and RDF Schema,and extends these languages with richer modelling primitives.OWL Web Ontology Language W3C Recommendation 10 February 2004,55,2005.112005.11,五，服务的发布和发现 Service Discovery,发布：服务提供者向服务注册中心发布服务描述，以使服务使用者可以发现和调用它。发现：服务的需求者在进行一个服务调用之前，必须先查询服务注册中心，发现具有所需服务的企业和满足其标准的服务，找到调用接口和语义，然后编写或配置自己的软件以便与服务交互。UDDI 是一个基于SOAP和XML的Web服务标准，为注册中心提供企业用于进行服务发布和发现的接口。,56,2005.112005.11,UDDI,OASIS(Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards)is a not-for-profit,international consortium that drives the development,convergence,and adoption of e-business standards.Universal Description,Discovery,and Integration is a Web service that is based on SOAP and XML,57,2005.112005.11,answers the question,“Who?”Simple information about a business information such as name,business identifiers,and contact information.“What?”involves classification information that includes industry codes and product classifications,as well as descriptive information about the services that the business makes available.,58,2005.112005.11,Answering the question,“Where?”involves registering information about the URL or email address(or other address)through which each type of service is accessed.“How?”references to information about interfaces and other properties of a given service.These service properties describe how a particular software package or technical interface functions.These references are called tModels in the UDDI.,59,2005.112005.11,Discovery and Selection,Finding the right servicesSemantic matchmakingTeam matchmakingEconomic selectionReputation and recommendationDistributed architecturesAccommodating application-specific qualities of serviceTrust,60,2005.112005.11,Directory Services,Support discovery:enable applications,agents,Web service providers,Web service requestors to locate each otherthe information provided in a listing consists of three conceptual components:“white pages”of company contact information;“yellow pages”that categorize businesses by standard taxonomies;“green pages”that document the technical information about