湖南大学机自英语教程.ppt

第七章 成分分译,成分分译是改变原文句子结构以适应汉语表达习惯的一种翻译方法，其要领是把原文中较长的句子成分或不易安排的句子成分分出来译成汉语的短句或独立语。这样，可使译文层次分明，简炼、明确、符合汉语规范。一、主语分译 主语分译时通常把原文中主语的定语移作谓语，而把带定语的主语译成一个小句。,Lower temperatures are associated with lower growth rates.,温度一低，生长速率就慢下来。试比较：较低的温度伴随着较慢的生长速率。,2)An unusually wide feed range adapts the machine to the greatest variety of job.,由于进给范围很广，本机床可用于加工各种不同的工件。试比较：很宽广的进给范围使本机床适合于加工各种不同的工件。,3)The very short wave lengths of ultrasound make a great difference in what ordinary sound waves can do.,超声波的波长极短，其功能与普通声波大不相同。试比较：非常短的超声波长使得他与普通声波能做的事情有很大区别。,二、谓语分译 1主语从句的谓语分译 这是带形式主语it的主语从句的一种常用翻译方法。此时，先把主句的谓语分词译成一个独立语，然后再译从句。,It has been shown that climb milling results in better surface finish.,已经表明，顺铣可以获得较好的表面光洁度。试比较：顺铣可以获得较好的表面光洁度，已经被表明。,4)In welding too much current will make it virtually impossible to stay the deposited metal in the right place.,焊接时，电流太大，实际上就不可能使熔敷金属留在正确位置上。试比较：焊接时太大的电流使得熔敷金属不可能停留在正确的位置上。,3)It should be noted that the life of the cutting tool is most affected by the cutting speed.,2)It is obvious that a greater force should be applied to start a motor-car than a motor-cycle.,显然，开动一辆汽车比开动一辆摩托车用的力更大。试比较：开动一辆汽车比开动一辆摩托车用的力更大是很明显的。,应当注意，刀具的耐用度主要受切削速度的影响。试比较：刀具的耐用度主要受切削速度的影响应当注意。,4)It is apparent that the design engineer is a vital factor in the manufacturing process.,很明显，设计工程师在制造过程中起主要作用。试比较：设计工程师在制造过程中起主要作用很明显。,上述句型在科技文献中经常出现，常见的几种及译法如下：,It is said that据说 It is reported that据报道 It is believed that据信 It is known that据了解 It is claimed that据称 It is hoped that我们希望 It is thought that有人认为 It is suggested that有人建议 It is well-known that众所周知 It can be seen that可以看出 It must be kept in mind that必须记住,It should be pointed out that必须指出 It must be admitted that必须承认 It will be noted that你们会注意到 It is assumed that假定 It is clear that很清楚 It is certain that可以肯定，毫无疑问 It is true that的确 It is common practice that习惯上 It is no wonder that难怪 It happened that恰巧 It seems that似乎 It appears that看起来,2被动句的谓语分译 翻译时，可把原文中以动词不定式作主语补足语的被动句中的谓语分译成一个带主语或不带主语的独立语。,The weight of an object has been found to vary from place to place on the earth.,已经发现，一个物体的重量在地球上因地而异。试比较：一个物体的重量已被发现在地球上因地而异。,2)They are reported to have already found out a simpler method for measuring it with precision.,据报道，他们已发现一种更简便的精密测量方法。试比较：他们已发现一种更简便的精密测量方法被报道。,三、定语分译 英语的定语可以位于名词之后，因此其长度不受限制，可以扩展得很长，汉语只有前置定语，一般不宜过长，所以对原文中较长的后置定语，往往采用分译的方法，定语从句可以与主句分开单独译成一句，介词短语和分词短语作定语时，可结合成份转换或词类转换等译法分译成一个分句。,Pig iron is an alloy of iron and carbon with carbon content more than 2 percent.,生铁是一种铁碳合金，其含碳量在百分之二以上。试比较：生铁是一种含碳量在百分之二以上的铁碳合金。,3)In industry certain mixtures of metals or alloys are said to have been considerably developed.,据说，在工业中某些金属混合物即合金已经大大地发展了。试比较：在工业中某些金属混合物即合金已经大大地发展了被说明。,3.The flexibility and versatility of numerical control have led to the development of a new type of machine tool called the machining center.,数控系统的灵活性和多用性导致一种新型机床的发展，这种机床叫做加工中心。试比较：数控系统的灵活性和多用性导致一种叫做加工中心的新型机床的发展。,2.Often,the worktable is made with straight and T slots for bolting work into position.,工作台通常带有直槽和T型槽，以便用螺栓把工件固定在适当的位置上。试比较：工作台通常带有以便用螺栓把工件固定在适当的位置上的直槽和T型槽。,四、状语分译 当原文的状语太长或不宜译成汉语的状语时，可将其分译成小句。,Power can be transmitted over a great distance with practically negligible loss if it is carried by an electric current.,动力如果用电流来传输的话，就可以输送到很远的距离，而且损耗实际上可以忽略不计。,4)The forming method uses a cutter having the same form as the space between the teeth being cut.,成形法采用的刀具，其形状与所切削的两齿之间的齿槽相同。试比较：成形法采用具有形状与所切削的两齿之间的齿槽相同的刀具。,3)The head of a drilling machine is mounted on the column above the table.,2)Not having been discovered,many laws of nature actually exist in nature.,虽然自然界的许多规律尚未发现，但它们确实存在于自然界中。,钻床的主轴箱安装在立柱上，并位于工作台的上方。,4)Drills are capable of putting holes in solid stock in contrast to boring tools and reamers which are suitable only for enlarging holes.,钻头能在实体坯料上钻孔，这与镗刀和铰刀不同，镗刀和铰刀只适用于扩孔。,练 习 七一、试将下列句子译成汉语，请注意斜体部分的译法 1.A man spending twelve days on the moon would find,on returning to the earth,that a year had passed by already.2.A full charged accumulator has an open circuit terminal voltage of about 6.45 V.3.It is clear that the difference between elements is in the structure of their atoms.,4.It is a fact that laser is different from incoherent light.5.All metals are found not to conduct electricity equally well.6.Superalloys contain small-to-moderate amounts of highly reactive elements such as chromium and aluminum which react easily with oxygen to form a thin tenacious semi-plastic oxide surface film.,7.Corrosion is an electro-chemical process by which a metal,such as mild steel,returns to its natural state,such as iron oxide or rust.8.The control unit is an important part of the computer,which can cause the machine to operate according to mans wishes.9.This book treats besides other subjects,which are undoubtedly equally important,of the working principles of the automatic lathe.10.The many colors of a rainbow range from red on the outside to violet on the inside.,二、试将下列句子译成英语，注意划线部分的译法 1如果当初把时间花在作一番详细的调查上，好处就会更大。2这种坐标绘图仪能在本身的工作范围内定出一点的位置，精确到0.001英寸。3金属和一种或多种元素化合在一起，这种情况就更多了。4在将来，到处都会看到机器人在工作，它们将能替我们担负起几乎全部的繁重工作。,5他们企图把机器损坏的过失加在我们头上，但这是徒劳的。6在学生开始做实验之前不久，他就把所有仪器都放在桌子上。7总有一天，人们能够乘太空船飞到宇宙的各个角落。8有趣的是，激光和普通灯光虽然性能不同，但都是同样的东西。9于是出现了另一些设想，使工程师们能研制出更加灵敏而精密的测量仪表。10钻床除了用来钻孔以外，还可加工许多零件。,