高三英语第一轮复习方法与技巧.ppt

方法与技巧,英语第一轮复习具体备考,高三英语第一轮复习在高考备考教学中起着举足轻重的作用，因为它时间长，容量大，基础性强，因此，要作到既周密又要合理，就必须考虑高三复习阶段的教学特点，那就是：抓著重点，以点带面，纵横驰骋。在复习中充分调动分类、比较、归纳、总结等手段，以点带面，形散而神不散，才能在温故中知新，在巩固中扩展。这实际上就是要求我们用灵活的方法去学习旧知识。,一、单词：摆脱词汇表和课界的限制,英语学习到达一定阶段后，已经不存在从哪里下手的问题了。也就是说，英语的基本知识（如语法、基本词汇）你已经全部接触到了，那么下一步只要你想学习，想提高，用哪本书都可以，什么地方都是开始。对中学生而言，高二英语学习完后，基本语法也已经学完，下一步的问题就是巩固语法、扩大词汇。,高三第一轮复习一般都是全面回顾一、二年级的教材内容，这就更应是不拘一格了。也就是说不能就词论词，就题论题，拘泥于一个单元。单词的复习肯定是不能按词汇表上的顺序，一读了之。比如SB1B Unit 15的词汇可采用分类比较的方法：,2.几个不太常用的名词有 mystery,dormitory,diamond,jewellery,mosquito,author,bat,franc,debt,outline,plot应注意它们的读音及含义；,3.注意几个重要形容词、副词和介词的用法：,1.常用的动词有recongnize,explain,continue,earn,attend着重学它们的含义、用法及搭配；,lovely,lively,likely(adj.)，,类似的-ly形容词有：friendly,lonely,deadly,silly,foolish,stupid,besides,except,except for,并联想到apart from,positive,negative,(be positive about/that),(scare sb to death,scary,scared,scare,scare sb away/off,scare ab into/out og sth/doing sth;,be scared of sb/sth,be scared to do sth/of doing sth),4.多义词 quality，名词，意为“品质”；“质量”；“性质”。如：,These are goods of the highest quality.(质量),As an actor she shows real quality.(品质;优点),One quality of the plastic is that it is almost unbreakable.(性质；属性；特点),（比较：quantity,“数量”；a large quantity/quantities of）。,单词的复习应注意变换方法，通过分类、比较、联系等方法以加强识记能力。要求学生勤于动手、动口，把自己想到的都写出来，形成记录，形成复习笔记。,当然，单词的复习还应该同课文、练习以及阅读结合起来。高中英语教材每个Unit的配套练习中一般都会有一、两道专门的单词训练题目（有单词记忆的，有单词用法的），应提醒学生根据情况复习选用。（如SB1B.P.19.EX-1，P.84.EX-2）,通过这些练习去记忆单词，比单纯地去词汇表中识记要好得多。让学生知道，单词的最有效的记忆是与课文、练习结合起来。,至于单词的用法，要让学生们学会从英语角度，而不是汉语角度去理解一个词。有时候,学生会拿几个同义词让你区别,你最好是用英语句子让他们去理解,而不是单纯地用汉语讲一大堆用法或是用汉语说明意思。大部分英语同义词在汉语的翻译上相差无几，需要通过英语本身去理解。如besidesexceptexcept for这组词，书中(见workbook)就是通过练习填空形式让学生去理解其用法差别：,besides except except for,1No one in the office was invited,_ Pierre.2Mathilde had everything she needed for the ball,_ some jewellery.3Please remember that people do get a fever for other reasons _ SARS.,except,except for,besides,还可以补充下列典型例句,强化掌握except和except for的区别：1All the compositions are well written _ Toms.2Toms composition is well written _ a few spelling mistakes.3All the buses are on strike _ this one.4The bus is empty _ an old lady.(让学生把上面句子译成准确的汉语,体会细微差别。),except,except for,except,except for,二、词组：,词组的复习一般要求学生以一个unit为单位，进行归纳、总结，重要的是让学生到课文中去理解，并进行适当的拓展和延伸。如SB1B Unit 15的几个很实用的词组：,call on,bring back,pay off,act out,at most,day and night等等。,词组复习的基本要求是：1）知道意思；2）会用。知道意思不仅是指知道汉语意思，还要求熟记、背诵课文或Word study中含有这些词组的句子，并能用该词再造出一个句子来。这样，可以使学生对学过的内容进行有目的的复习。,以上词组，学生在复习时应形成如下书面材料：1She had take several jobs to pay off her debts.2They had to work day and night to make enough money to buy a house.3Peter wore his new ring when he went to call on his mother.4I have not much money with me,so I can only pay 20 yuan at most.5There was no way he could pay back the money he borrowed from his father on time.,总之，词组的复习应与课文、练习密切结合起来，并适当地对个别词组进行联系、比较、总结，使复习有面有点，点面结合。当然，应提醒学生因人而宜，根据自己的实际情况而有所侧重。比如说，课文中也会出现一些并非本课要求的词组、用法，也应注意收集。在复习SB1B Unit 15时，在熟练掌握本单元的用法之后，还应注意拓展和延伸。如：,由call on,由call on,由bring back,其它含有call的短语 call in,call for,call up call off,call on/upon sb(to do sth.);,其它含有on的短语 get on,put on,try on,keep on,hold on等；,联想到bring about,bring forward,bring down,bring up;,由pay off,由act out,由 at most,pay for,pay back,pay out,pay up;,act as,act the role of;,at least等等。,其实，新教材在Workbook部分配有大量的拓展和延伸的练习（如SB1B.P.84.EX-1，P.84 EX-2，P.85.EX-3），因此，老师务必提醒学生，不能只复习前面的课文部分，也要复习Workbook中的内容。摘抄部分如下：,call on call off call up,1The ball has to _ because of the storm.2Mathilde _ Jeanne to borrow some jewellery for the ball at the palace.3I hate it when someone _ me _ in the middle of the night.,be called off,called on,calls up,Bring about bring back bring up,1The diamond necklace _ memories of the happy time at the ball.2Some people fear that air pollution may _ changes in the weather around the world.3She was _ with the belief that one must return what one has borrowed.,brought back,bring about,brought up,get on put on try on keep on hold on,1Just _ a second while I get a pen to write down your phone number.2He _ working till the job was done.3He asked the tailor whether he could _ his new suit.4He _ the light in his room and found that everything was in order.5My grandmother _ her glasses to read the letter from my father.,hold on,kept on,try on,turned on,put on,要让学生知道：只有通过全面复习，做大量的、耐心的阅读（课文、Workbook、课外资料）和练习，才能遇到大量的词已学过的、刚学的或是新的，才能巩固已有的，发现未知的。,三、句型就是语法,句型实际上也就是语法。新教材中淡化了语法的概念，就象淡化单词从前在教学中的主体角色一样。学习英语的最终目的是理解这门语言。一个特殊结构，一种特定表达，一个词语的特殊用法都可以看成是一种句型。,比如worth的用法，它的句型特点就是如，表示“值多少钱”或结构，表示“某事值得做”。,It was worth five hundred franc at most.,a.be worth 钱数,be worth+doing,如：The book is worth reading.（这本书值得一读。）Its an idea thats worth considering.（这是个值得考虑的意见）。也就是说，当要讲“某事值得做”时，就要用这样的句型。,语法的句型化，可以避免单纯讲语法的枯燥、乏味。当语法体现一某一些具有共同特征的句型上时，就变得有血有肉、生动易学。比如说SB2A Unit 7在学习“虚拟语气”时，就不是先列出语法结构，而只把课文中表现虚拟语气的句子列举出来，让学生观察学习，仿佛在告诉你：看吧，这就是这种语法（句型）。也就是说，标题写的是语法（Grammar），而下面给的却是句型（句子）。新教材中的语法现象都是通过句型（典型的句子）来展示的。,在复习SB2A Unit 7语法时，要求掌握以下几个常用的“虚拟语气”的句型：1.I wish I could remember more about my mum.2.I wish that she were here with me and that we werent sick.,3.I wish people would find out the facts and not act as if I were a bad or dangerous person.4.If I were you,I would give an AIDS patient a hug.5.If I had HIV,I would know because I would feel sick.,实际上这里面包含了动词wish+宾语从句,as if+句子 和if 条件从句中虚拟语气的用法，它们都是表示表达现在的愿望或对现在情况的虚拟。换句话说，若要表达现在的愿望或对现在情况的表示虚拟的假设，套用这些句型就是了！,这种把语法按句型分类的例子书中比比皆是，我们要要求学生熟读句型，了解句型运用的语言环境，知道汉语的确切意思，有必要时可让学生到课文中搜寻句型的应用例句，或者自己进行造句、写作练习。教材中有专门为巩固句型设计的练习题，老师要指导学生复习。必要时，根据各个单元典型的句型设计练习，通过印发单元讲义、精选练习题并进行操练。,四、学好高三教材，训练阅读能力；以新带旧，复习高一高二知识,1.高三课文许多都是出自英美原文，题材多样，内容丰富，是很好的阅读材料，难度和题材都很适合高三阅读训练。教师可好好利用现成的教材，把高三课文当作阅读材料，借以培养学生阅读理解能力。我们主张课文教学采用整体教学法，可以将Reading和Integrating skills中的两篇阅读安排在一节课读完，按照高考的阅读能力要求，重点训练学生总结归纳、判断推理等深层次理解能力以及获取信息和猜测词义的能力，还应让学生掌握一定的快速阅读技巧。（建议：可以增补优化设计中的阅读理解题）如SB3,Unit 8可以做以下的阅读练习：,Choose the best answers 细枝末节,1.Most children have mastered their mother tongue.A.at the age of five B.by the age of eight C.before they are five D.since they were five,C,2.Successful language learners do share the following characteristics except.A.the ability to memorize the words B.an interest in understanding their own thinking C.willingness to take chances D.confidence in their ability,A,3.The best option for the exchange students is.A.living with local people B.living in the dormitory C.choosing exchange programmes at various academic levels at a reasonable cost D.making friends with the other students,A,4.The disadvantage of studying abroad is.A.language and culture B.cost and safety C.custom and culture D.exchange programme,B,5.Visiting students do the following things except.A.staying in the host familys house B.eating in the host familys house C.becoming a member of the family D.keeping in touch with the host family afterwards,C,6.Before going out to study in a foreign country,you should not.A.care much about the money that may cost you B.collect as much information as possible C.plan a long course to study D.discuss every detail with your family,C,主旨大意题7.Whats the purpose of writing the first passage?_ A.Learning a foreign language is twice as hard as learning our mother tongue.B.Learning a foreign language is more important than learning our mother tongue.C.Learning a foreign language is twice as easy if we develop our study skills.D.In fact,the number of people learning a foreign language has increased with years.,C,推理判断题8.The sentence“Life is a very successful language school”means.A.we are equipped with a special ability to learn language B.the key to learn the language well is to communicate with the people around us C.parents can give children language lessons D.people can learn the language by themselves,B,9.What makes it easier to study abroad nowadays?_ A.The cost has become reasonable.B.There are programmes for all levels.C.Students can find“home-stay”service and live with the host family.D.All the above.,D,10.In the second passage,the greatest value of an exchange student studying abroad is _.A.to learn the language B.to widen ones views and understand the culture of other country C.to get better idea of yourself and your own culture D.to learn to be independent of oneself,C,2高三教材除了新增一些知识外，本身还提供了大量熟悉的词汇，语法和句型不断重现，有利于巩固高一、高二所学的语言，加深理解英语基础知识。可以以高三教材的课文阅读为主线，逐步消化好其中的词汇知识，夯实基础，全面培养提高学生的英语听、读、写的能力。,以新带旧，类比，横向扩展知识信息,主要体现在课文的学习中，比较容易的课文，如BIII,Unit 10,A Sacrifice for love,小说故事类，较容易，可穿插复习旧知识。如：,tear at,tear up tear down tear into piece,又如：,It was worthy of the watch.,worthy:having the quality that deserve sb/sth(解释含义),He felt he was not worthy of her.(强化用法),The idea is worthy of consideration.His behavior is worthy of great praise.He is a teacher worthy of great respect.(拓展含义worthy:deserving),His behavior is worthy to be praised.Oh you are not worthy to live in the same world with me.(进一步强化用法worthy to do/to be done),The idea is well worth considering.The museum is worth a visit.He is a teacher worth great respect.(与worth对比 be worth sth,be worth doing sth),以旧带新，化难为简，优化记忆,高三生词多，难记难学，要帮助学生掌握记忆技巧，事半功倍。如BIII，Unit 9中：,hurl abuse at sb(辱骂某人),abuse,use(用),abuse(滥用),drug abuse(滥用药品),an abuse of privillege(滥用特权),child abuse,(滥用儿童？,虐待儿童！),allowance(津贴，补助),insurance(保险，保险业),sure(确信，有把握),insure(v.保险，投保),insurance(保险，保险业，保险费),allow(允许),fundamental(基本的，根本的),No.Fresh air is fundamental to us.,fund+a+mental,(专款，基金)a+（精神的，心理的）,What do you think is fundamental to us?,Food/water/love/care.,(essential,the most necessary,of the basis or fundation),pressure,press(v.压),pressure（n.压力）,pressure cooker(压力锅),under pressure(受压力的，处于压力下),put pressure on sb(to do sth)催逼某人（做某事）,resident(居民),president（总统）,fee(费用),与汉字“费”谐音,prosperity(n.繁荣，成功),prosper(v.兴旺，成功),prosperous(adj.繁荣的，成功的),nationwide,nation+wide,global wide,worldwide,make ends meet,unfortunate,fortune(n.机会，运气),fortunate(adj.幸运的),unfortunate(adj.反义词“不幸的”),unfortunately（adv.不幸地）,(luck lucky unlucky unluckily),incident事情，（政治性）事件,比较：accident（意外）事故,event（大）事件,3.利用高三教材中每单元的语法复习课，将那些互有联系又有区别的语法放在一起整理、归纳，使之条理化、规律化。帮助学生进一步理解和运用某些复杂的语法，使高一、高二所学的语法项目在高三新教材的学习使用中又进行了第二次循环。这样，通过高三新教材呈现的知识点、语法点带动高一、高二教材的知识梳理。,时态语态,1.You can take anything from the shelf and read,but pleaseput back the books when you _(读完这些书).(finish)2.You were expected at the meeting but to our disappointment,you _(没露面).(turn),have finished(reading)them,didnt turn up,3.The young man,when questioned why he _(违法),just looked at the judge and said nothing.(break)4.Prices of food in that area _(上涨)sharply since word came that the war would break out soon.(go),had broken the law,have been going up since,5.At this time tomorrow we _(飞越)over the Atlantic.(fly)6.My uncle is an actor.He _(演出)several films so far.(appear),will be flying,has appeared in,7.Now that she is out of work,Lisa _(考虑)going back to school,but she hasnt decided yet.(consider)8.The technique of printing _(被所知)the Chinese as early as the 9th century.(know),has been considering,was known to,9.I dont really work here.I _(只是帮 帮忙)until the new secretary arrives.(help)10.In the last decades,advances in medical technology _(使可能)for people to live longer than in the past.(make),am just helping out,have made it possible,11.A bicycle _(比不上)other means of transportation like a car or a train for speed and comfort.(compare)12.From what _(上述讨论),Im fully convinced that the leisure life is undergoing a decline with the progress of modern society.(discuss),cant be compared with,has been discussed above,will see my daughter off/am going to see my daughter off,13.The police found that the house _(被人闯入)and a lot of thing stolen.(break)14.I _(送我女儿)tomorrow,so I will have to ask for leave.(see),had been broken into,15.Dont lend them the carthey _(正利用你)you!(advantage)16.Our neighbors are moving away but I hope that we _(仍然保持联系)later.(touch),are taking advantage of,will still keep in touch,17.Weather usually _(各地 有所不同).(differ)18.It was the third time he _(拨那个号码).But no luck.(dial),differs from area to area,had dialed the number,19._(讨论仍在进行)between the two leaders so there is no hope that we can get a certain thing from them.(discussion)20.Though the slaves _(为而斗争)freedom for ages,they failed.(fight),Discussions are still going on,had fought for fight,21.She _(还没有恢复)the shock of her mothers death so far.(get)22.After years of hard work,he _(被录 取)the university at last.(admit),still hasnt got over,was admitted to,23.If knowledge is power,as Sir Francis Bacon wrote in 1597,then perhaps creativity _(可以描述 成)the ability to use that power.(describe)24.The mutton _(煮沸)on the stove for more than four hours.(boil),can be described as,has been boiling,25.We _(与生俱来)a general ability to learn and adapt.(born),are born with,五、听力训练,作好学生听力训练的准备高考英语听力测试的主要形式有：对话理解和短文理解。其中大量的对话理解是考察考生在一定语境或情景中所表现出来的快速反映、推理判断及逻辑分析能力。高考英语听力测试的对话都反映了某种功能和交际场合。因此，在准备第一轮复习中，要让学生有扎实的语言交际功能知识，让学生熟悉特定情景中的语言交际功能。可以按类别对语言的特定功能进行梳理，进行专项听力训练。比如：购物、道歉、就医、天气、交友、打电话、问路、就餐、时间与日期等第。,另外，还要注意培养学生正确的语音技能。要让学生掌握单词的正确发音，要有很好的语音知识，要能正确的区别单词的重读，弱读、爆破、及失去爆破，学会辨别句子的连读、节奏以及语音语调的变化所表达的特定含义。这对提高学生辨音能力有较大的帮助。教师有必要在听力技巧上对学生进行指导，同时不能忽视听力测试对学生提高自身应具备的语言能力的要求。设想一个学生如果词汇量不够丰富，阅读理解的速度缓慢，那么在听力测试中一定会遇到很大的障碍。所以除作常规的听力强化训练外，务必让学生加强以常用词组、惯用法、日常用语的学习，了解常用英语句型同时加强阅读训练，提高阅读的速度，促进英语思维的节奏，这样在考试时就能跟上听力测试的正常语速。复习阶段尽量给学生提供语言道地、情景真实、难度适中、语速恰当，由母语为英语的人朗读的听力材料。高考听力有这一特征：Native speakers speak the native language.平时让学生多听外国人的录音磁带，日积月累对学生的听力提高有一定的帮助。,六、计划与复习：有志者，事竟成,有计划地去复习是成功的关键。第一轮复习期间，面对庞杂的书本知识及补充材料，如何合理规划、有效利用，是每个面对高考的学生必须要解决的问题。,（一）教师的总体设计对学生有着“宏观调控”的作用。教师对第一阶段的复习会有个详细的设计计划，其中包括时间长度、复习内容、复习速度、复习方法等等，这是学生确定学习目标和方法的依据，因此，在总体复习之前，应就这些问题向学生作出说明。,（二）教师在复习中要发挥指导作用。在复习时教师不必像上新教材那样，细致入微，面面俱到，而是侧重于学习方法的传授和对重点问题的解决。在上课时，先摆出目标要求，然后让学生自己去实现。教师对学生进行必要的监督和释疑，并对复习结果进行恰到好处的总结。,（三）培养学生自学的能力。自学对高三年级的学生来说是至关重要的，有没有自学能力，在很大程度上可以决定这个学生发展潜力。因此，教师应注意培养其独立学习的能力。这对老师教学来说，也会起到事半功倍的作用。,培养学生自学能力的前提是引导学生制定一个好的学习计划，这包括阶段性的和临时性的以及所使用的学习方法。阶段性的计划是指长期的，比如第一轮复习阶段的学习计划；临时性计划指短期的或即时的计划，比如某次考试前一周、今天或是今天早自习上我准备怎么做等等。学生可以根据自己的实际情况，制定一些短期性的学习计划，以达到“保优补差”（保持优势，觅补差距）的目的，或是对某一专项内容，如单词、语法等制定一些学习目标。有了目的，学习就会变成一种自觉自愿的动力，学生才能有进步。目标的具体性可以小到一节课上，每一节课也可以看成是完成大目标的一个步子，那么，这一节45分钟正课或40分钟的自习我如何安排，是每个学生上课前都应该想好的。,从另一方面来看，复习阶段应有三条线索：一是教师计划（一般体现在正课，多按教师的安排进行）；二是学生自习计划（主要是早晚自习，根据自己的实际情况进行有计划地学习）；三是课外学习（学生根据自己的能力和爱好涉猎一些相关资料等等以起到发挥专长如语法/知识/阅读等的作用）。,很好地制订各种计划，才能安排好各种时间、学习好各种内容，这是大容量复习取得成功的关键。,（四）培养学生勤学好问的习惯。英语是一门语言，语言的特征决定了学习英语必须有“勤学好问”的习惯。前面讲了很多有关“计划学习”、“独立学习”的话题，那应该是“勤学”的保证。学习英语必须有持之以恒的决心，只有时时学、天天学、日复一日、年复一年，才能积累大量的词汇，掌握语言的规律。由于英语学习的主要任务在记忆，没有反复的、有规律的、勤奋的学习习惯，很难有好的效果。三天打鱼，两天晒网，必将半途而废。,遇到不会读的词、不理解的句子或是弄不清的结构，在英语学习中是常见的事。尤其是复习阶段，是学习的最后一道关口，如果不彻底弄清、排除每一个疑难，必将为未来的考试埋下隐患。故提倡学生们不懂就问；鼓励学生们敢问、好问、善于问。发言、质疑是学生增强自信的一种锻炼，也是培养学习兴趣的开始。通过发问，可以解疑释惑，从而产生收获感、轻松感，使学习变成一种乐趣。,谢谢大家!,