非谓语动词课件.ppt

非谓语,非谓语动词,动名词 v-ing,分词,现在分词 v-ing,过去分词 p.p,动词不定式 to do,非谓的不同形式,否定式：在之前加“not”,1.Swimming is his favorite sport.2.He enjoys swimming.3.His favorite sport is swimming.4.The swimming pool in our village is being built.,（作主语）,（作宾语）,（作表语）,（作定语）,enjoyfinishpracticemindavoidsuggestadmitescapemissimaginerisk,+,doing,作宾语,adviseconsiderallowpermitforbid,+,doingsb.to do,注意,look forward tocant helpbe used tocant stand have funfeel like give upput offpay attention tohave difficulty(in)insist onlead todevote to object to,+,doing,like love preferstartbegincontinue,+,doingto do,4,forgetrememberregretstoptrymeango on,+,doingto do,5,needwant requiredeservebe worth,+,doingto be done,6,动词不定式,1.To see you is glad.=It is glad to see you.2.I want to see you.3.I want him to see you.4.My hope is to see you.,（作主语）,(作宾语）,（作宾补）,(作表语）,常用it 作形式主语,句型1：It is adj.for/of sb.to do sth.,It is+adj+for sb to do sthIt is+adj+of sb to do sth,（是形容人的品质的）,（是形容事物的性质的）,Eg.It is easy for me to finish this work before ten.,(1)作主语,Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.,句型2：It+谓语+to do,句型3：Its+n.+to do,It takes us an hour _ get there by bus.,Its our duty _ help the poor.,1.常见动词有：,(2)作宾语,2.见动名词用法,want expect wishallow advise ask cause force begencourageinvite order warn remindpermit promiserequest persuade,sb.to do,(3)作宾补,1.Make less noise，theres a sleeping child.,The bridge built last month needs repairing.,What you said is really inspiring.,2.作后置定语,3.作表语,1.作前置定语,现分和过分作定语的区别：boiling water 正在沸腾的水（表正在进行）boiled water 开水（表完成）developing countries 发展中国家developed countries 发达国家a disappointing look 一个令人失望的表情a disappointed look 一个失望的表情注：修饰人的表情、脸色、情感等要用v-ed.Eg.With a disappointed look on his face,he looked very sad.（复印资料）,I heard them singing in the classroom.,4.作补语,现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成,1.Seeing from the top of the tower,we can see a beautiful factory.2.Given more time,we could do it better.,5.作状语,Hearing the bad news,they couldnt help crying.,When they heard the bad news,分词作状语：,Given more attention,the trees could have grown better.,If they had been given more attention,Being so angry,he couldnt go to sleep.,Because he was so angry,They came into the classroom,singing and laughing.,To serve the people well,I study hard.,将下列状语从句改为非谓语短语作状语：1.Because she was moved by the hero,she decided to study harder.,2.When he found the door locked,he went home.,He started early in order that he could get there on time.,复印资料练习,不定式和分词作补语的区别：1.“吾看三室两厅一感觉”5看：see、watch、look at、notice、observe3使：make、let、have2听：hear、listen to1感觉：feel,see watch look atobservenoticehearlisten to feel,+,sb./sth.,+,dodoing done,注：以上词语用于被动语态要还原“to”,注意：1.have sth.done 还表示“使遭受”Eg:Mr.Smith had his house broken into while he was away on holiday.2.have sb.doing 用于否定句中表示“容忍”Eg:I wont have you speaking to your dad like that.,2.leave、keep、set、find、catch、with,Eg:Keep the engine endn running.We should keep the windows closed.,Eg:We found him(to be)dishonest.,Eg:I caught him reading my private letter.,Eg:With a lot of difficult problems to settle,the man is having a hard time.,五.动名词的复合结构,1).物主代词/名词所有格+动名词 在句中作主语:Marys coming late made her teacher angry.Do you mind my smoking?Do you mind my reading your paper?Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.Roses going wont be of much help.2).人称代词宾格/名词+动名词 在句中作宾语:Im sure of him coming on time.He has never heard of a woman being a pilot.I dont mind Jack(him)going.She hates young people(them)smoking.,独立主格结构,一般来说，分词或分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。但有时候，分词的动作不是由句子的主语发出来的，它有自己的逻辑主语。独立主格结构（Independent Genitive）有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。,Given more time,we could do it better.,Nobody having any more to say,the meeting was closed.,1独立主格结构的形式：,（1）名词/代词+-ing分词及其短语,The moon appearing,they decided to go on with their journey.The pupils are walking slowly,their teacher following.,（2）名词/代词+-ed分词及其短语,Good-bye said,we went home.All things considered,it is a good plan.,（3）名词/代词+形容词及其短语,The weather(being)hot,we all went swimming.Dinner ready,the hostess asked her guests to be seated.,（4）名词/代词+不定式及其短语,The money to be paid by the driver,the police went away.Here are the first two volumes,the third one to come out next month.,（5）名词/代词+副词及其短语,The meeting(being)over,we left the room.,（6）名词/代词+介词及其短语,She stood there,book in hand.Everybody at home,we sat down to dinner.,2with+复合宾语结构,这种结构也可以看成是一种独立主格结构。这种结构有较鲜明的特色。在这种结构中，with后的宾语相当于该结构中的逻辑主语，其后面的词相当于这个结构中的逻辑谓语。这个结构很像一个用来说明附带情况或细节的，可以起状语作用的句子。翻译时，with原有的含意往往不翻译出来。,（1）with+名词/代词+名词The brave man fought the tiger with a stick his only weapon.He was carried into the hospital,with his face a mass of bleeding flesh.,（2）with+名词/代词+介词The teacher came into the classroom with a book in his hand.He was asleep with his head on his arms.Family dependants,when ill,enjoy free medical treatment,with medicines at half price.,（3）with+名词/代词+副词He went out with his hat on.The square looks more beautiful than ever with her lights on.,4）with+名词/代词+形容词Dont speak with your mouth full.The once lowly serfs now walk with heads high.,5）with+名词/代词+-ing分词With the old man leading,the two started toward the mountains.With everyone surrounding us we can certainly succeed.She felt very nervous with so many people looking at her.,（6）with+名词/代词+-ed分词All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.He died with his lifes work still unfinished.With his matter settled,we left the room.,（7）with+名词/代词+不定式They are highly mechanized farms,with machinery to do most of the work.This was a severe test,with innumerable difficulties to be overcome.With five minutes to go before the last train left,we arrived here.,3.由There being+主语这种结构多表示原因。例如：,There being a lot of books to read,he often studied till midnight.因为有许多书要读，他经常学习到深夜。,Thanks a lot!,不定式、动名词用作主语,1。直接作主语（1）眼见为实（2）今天早晨做早操对身体 无益（3）在这里吸烟很危险,1.To see is to believe2.To do morning exercises today is not good for health.3.To smoke here is dangerous,（1）眼见为实。（2）天天做早操有益于健康。（3）吸烟不是好习惯。,1.Seeing is believing.2.Doing morning exercises every day is good for health3.Smoking is not a good habit,不定式与动名词作主语的区别：不定式作主语时经常表示具体动作，而动名词作主语时经常表示抽象动作,A:如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，可以在不定式前加一个由 for 引起的短语。It is easy for the students to read.It will be a mistake for us to help you.,B:下列形容词作表语时，不定式前常加一个 of 引起的短语，这些形容词是：(表评价性的，来说明逻辑主语的性质，特征，属性）kind,good,nice,wise,unwise,clever,silly,stupid,foolish,wrong,right,careless,rude,polite,naughty etc.Its kind of you to think so much of us.Its unwise of him to leave home at once.It s wrong of him to speak bad behind others.Its wrong of the south to break away from the Union.,动名词作主语用it作形式主语，有自己特定的句型,（1）广说不做没用（2）做无益的后悔没用（3）吸烟太多无益（4）学好英语是值得做的,4.Its worthwhile learning English well.,2.用it作形式主语，常与no use,no good,useless,worthwhile连用,1.Its no use talking too much without doing anything,2.Its useless crying over the spilt milk,3.Its no good smoking too much,1.Its no use _(sit)here waiting.2.There is no _(say)what will happen next.3.Is it any good _(tell)him the truth?4.It is great fun _(play)golf.,小结：动名词与不等式作主语时的区别,一、对称原则二、特殊表达三、固定句型四、习惯用法,主语和表语对称,动名词表示经常性、反复发生的动作不等式表示具体的、某一次的动作,It takes sb some time to do sth,Its no use/no good/useless/worthwhile+doing Its kind/wise/clever of sb to do sthIts important/necessary/hard for sb to do sth,（3）做表语：主语+系动词+不定式,1).其主语多为抽象名词(wish,need),My wish is to be a scientist.The main thing is to keep our room clean.,2).,be to do可构成将来时态,表“准备/打算/计划/需要”;,She is to return next week.It was about to leave when it started to rain.,不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to。,She could do nothing but cry,What do you like to do besides swim?,I have no choice but to go,(4)作定语,不定式作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。不定式常和它所修饰的词有动宾关系。如：,Ihavealotofworktodo.Herearesomebooksforyoutoread.Shewasthefirstpersontothinkoftheidea.TheymadeaplantostudyEnglish.HeexpressedhiswishtovisittheGreatWall.,不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to。,She could do nothing but cry,What do you like to do besides swim?,I have no choice but to go,(4)作定语,不定式作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。不定式常和它所修饰的词有动宾关系。如：,Ihavealotofworktodo.Herearesomebooksforyoutoread.Shewasthefirstpersontothinkoftheidea.TheymadeaplantostudyEnglish.HeexpressedhiswishtovisittheGreatWall.,1).目的状语:可放于句首,也可放于句末,前面可加in order/so as/soas to表强调.,He went to see the artist himself.He stopped to have a look.He ran so fast as to get to school in time,2).结果状语:主要用在enough to/tooto/only to结构中。,The question is too difficult to answer.They worked hard enough to finish their work.,3).原因状语:主语+系动词+adj.+to do,表感情的adj.有:happy,surprised,pleased,glad,sorry,anxious(忧虑),disappointed,careful,afraid,wrong.,Im very sorry to see you.He was afraid to leave him home,动词不定式的时态和语态,动词不定式保留了动词的一些特征，具有时态和语态的变化，但是它的时态和语态只有以下几种，见下表。,When I got home,my son happened to be watching TV.,如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成式。,She is said to have read thirty novels this year.,Im sorry to have kept you waiting so long,After graduation,he asked to be sent to work in the countryside.,This novel is said to have been translated into French.,怎样区分动名词和现在分词,My job is teaching.,换位法,Her job is getting everything in order in the office,The play is exciting.,Exciting is the play,The story he told us was very interesting,Interesting was the story he told us.,作表语,作定语,动名词作定语表示性质或用途。,a washing machine,a machine for washing,四.动名词的时态和语态,完成式：动名词完成式表示其动作在谓语动词表示的动 作之前发生。例如,I regret not having taken your advice.He didint mention having met you before,2.被动式：当动名词的逻辑主语是动名词动作对 象时，该动名词要求用被动形式。例如：,She didnt mind being called a housewife,