非谓语动词分词课件.ppt

非谓语动词讲解,Nonfinite Verbs,分词：Participles,一 分词的概述,1.它有两种形式：现在分词和过去分词。,2.现在分词：doing 过去分词：规则动词 V+ed 不规则动词,现在分词与过去分词的区别：,1.语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动,Do you know the woman talking to Tom?,2.时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成,Developing country boiling waterDeveloped country boiled water,二、分词的作用,1、作定语,放在被修饰的名词之前，称为前置定语。放在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置定语。,（1）前置定语,He is a promising young man.Make less noise.Theres a sleeping child.,（2）后置定语,The young man sitting between John and,如果是单词，放在被修饰的名词前；如果是短语，放就放在被修饰的名词之后。,The bridge built last month needs repairing.,上个月建造的那座桥需要修理。,（3）分词短语作定语必须置于被修饰词之后，相当于一个定语从句。如：,Those who wish to join the club should sign here,(Those wishing to join this club should sign here.,),想加入本俱乐部的人在这里签名。,（4）过去分词作定语：表示被动和完成，只表完成。如：,the question discussed yesterday,昨天讨论的问题（既表示被动也表示完成）,the fallen leaves,落下的树叶(只表示完成，不表示被动),2、作表语,分词作表语表示主语的某种性质或状态。如：,She was too frightened to move.她被吓得一动不动。What you said is really inspiring.你所说的真令从鼓舞。,3、作宾语补足语,可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有 see,watch,hear,set,keep,find,have,get 等词。,I saw him walking in the street.我看见他在街上走。I heard them singing in the classroom.我听见他们在教室里唱歌。We found the boy sleeping.我们发现小孩睡着了。,A）I heard my brother(singing,sung)in the next room B）I heard the song(singing,sung)in English.,现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别,四、作状语,现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成,1.(Seeing/seen)from the top of the tower,we can see a beautiful factory.(Seeing/seen)from the top of the tower,the factory looks beautiful.2.(Hearing/heard)the bad news,they couldnt help crying.3.(Giving/Given)more time,we could do it better.,4.I stood by the door,not daring to say a word.,Hearing the bad news,they couldnt help crying.,When they heard the bad news,Given more attention,the trees could have grown better.,If they had been given more attention,Being so angry,he couldnt go to sleep.,Because he was so angry,They came into the classroom,singing and laughing.,To serve the people well,I study hard.,判断下列句子正误：,1.To learn English well,a lot of practice must be done.2.Seeing from the hill,the city is more beautiful.3.Heating,water will boil.4.Getting there,the door was found opened.,将下列状语从句改为非谓语短语作状语：1.Because she was moved by the hero,she decided to study harder.,2.When he found the door locked,he went home.,He started early in order that he could get there on time.,将下列非谓语短语改写为状语从句,1.Not knowing her address,I cant write to her.2.Entering the room,I saw a strange sight.3,Scolded by the teacher,he was very sad.,分词的时态和语态,构成（以study和go为例）,被动式：being done 表示一个现在进行的完成动作。,1.The building being repaired is our library.2.The question being discussed is very important.3.As we approached the village,we saw new houses being put up.,完成式：having done 所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。,Having turned off the radio,he began to go over his lessons.2.Not having received his fathers letter,he decided to make a call to him.,独立主格结构,独立主格结构有两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。,Given more time,we could do it better.,Nobody having any more to say,the meeting was closed.,1独立主格结构的形式：,（1）名词/代词+-ing分词及其短语,The moon appearing,they decided to go on with their journey.The pupils are walking slowly,their teacher following.,（2）名词/代词+-ed分词及其短语,Good-bye said,we went home.All things considered,it is a good plan.,2with+复合宾语结构,with后的宾语相当于该结构中的逻辑主语，其后面的词相当于这个结构中的逻辑谓语。翻译时，with原有的含意往往不翻译出来。,（1）with+名词/代词+名词.He was carried into the hospital,with his face a mass of bleeding flesh.,（6）with+名词/代词+-en分词All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.He died with his lifes work still unfinished.,（7）with+名词/代词+不定式With five minutes to go before the last train left,we arrived here.,3.由There being+主语这种结构多表示原因。例如：,There being a lot of books to read,he often studied till midnight.因为有许多书要读，他经常学习到深夜。,1.The man insisted_ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.A.find B.to find C.on finding D.in finding2.Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview._ the answers ready will be of great help.A.To have had B.Having had C.Have D.Having3.I really cant understand _ her like that.A.you treat B.you to treat C.why treat D.you treating4.He got well-prepared for the job interview,for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity.A.to lose B.losing C.to be lost D.being lost,选出下面习题正确答案,1-Im hungry,and I want to eat the cake.-What!it is not good_ A.for eating B.to be eaten C.to eat D.at eating 2 Its important_ and helpful.A.to kind B.be kind C.kind D.to be kind3.It took Alice and me an hour _out the problem.A.to work B.working C.work D.for working.4.I found it very important _ English well.A.learning B.learn C.to learn D.learned 5.Its very nice _you to _me about it.A.for;tell B.of;say C.to;speak D.of;tell,Thanks a lot!,