非谓语动词专题讲座.ppt

课件名称,年级科目:主 讲 人:学 校:,英语非谓语动词总复习(2),年级科目：高中英语主 讲 人：王海峰学 校：西安市45中学,(作状语、定语、独立结构),目 录,非谓语动词作定语,非谓语动词作状语,复 合 结构作 状 语,非谓语动词作状语,一.现在分词作状语1.作伴随状语现在分词作状语时，通常具有三方面的含义：）分词表示的这个动作必须是主语的动作；）分词表示的动作是和谓语动作（或状态）是同时发生的；）分词表示的动作是比较次要的动作，仅对谓语表示的动作加以说明1【06 HENMET.12】He sat at the desk,_ a novel Aread Breading Creads Dis reading,B,一.现在分词作状语2.【05NMET III.20】“You cant catch me!”John shouted,_ away.A.run B.running C.to run D.ran3.【04 NMET II.28】“We cant go out in this weather,”said Bob,_ out of the window.A.looking B.to look C.looked D.having looked4.【06 HUBMET.34】Dont sit there_ nothing.Come and help me with this table.A.do B.to do C.doing D.and doing,非谓语动词作状语,B,A,C,一.现在分词作状语.【07.BJMET.29】He is a student at Oxford University,_ for a degree in computer science.A.studied B.studying C.to have studied D.to be studying.【07.HUNMET.29】As the light turned green,I stood for a moment,not _,and asked myself what I was going to do.Amoved Bmoving Cto move Dbeing moved,非谓语动词作状语,B,B,一.现在分词作状语2.作结果状语作结果状语也是现在分词的基本语法功能之一，在NMET中也常有检测。1【07.TJMET.6】The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance,_ in the natural light during the day.Ato let Bletting Clet Dhaving let【解析】：翻译：（入口处玻璃门替换了木门，如此自然光白天就照了进来。）答案选：。,非谓语动词作状语,非谓语动词作状语,B,一.现在分词作状语2.作结果状语2.【05SHMET.36】More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays,_ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.A.taking B.taken C.having taken D.having been taken【解析】：翻译：（如今越来越多的人报名练愈加，既锻炼的身体又释放了压力。）所以，答案选：。,非谓语动词作状语,A,一.现在分词作状语2.作结果状语3.【05 GDMET.24】He glanced over at her,_ that though she was tiny,she seemed very well put together.A.noting B.noted C.to note D.having noted【解析】：翻译：（他瞧了她一眼，注意到她虽然个子不大，但似乎很精干。）所以，答案选：。,非谓语动词作状语,A,一.现在分词作状语2.作结果状语4.【04 NMET（IV）.31】Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV;there are pictures _ in your mind instead of before your eyes.A.to form B.form C.forming D.having formed【解析】：翻译：（阅读是一种完全不同于看电视的体验；影象是呈现在脑海里而不是眼前。）答案选：C。,非谓语动词作状语,C,一.现在分词作状语3.作条件状语作条件状语在NMET中偶尔也有检测。1.【07.SHXMET.15】that she didnt do a good job,I dont think I am abler than her.ATo have said BHaving said CTo say DSaying,非谓语动词作状语,D,一.现在分词作状语4.作时间状语 现在分词有时候也作时间状语。可以这样用的动词只局限于少数，表示谓语动作的发生紧随分词之后。1.【06 HENMET.5】There was terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light Afollowed Bfollowing Cto be followed Dbeing followed,非谓语动词作状语,B,一.现在分词作状语5.现在分词的完成时作状语现在分词的完成形式表示分词动作的发生早于谓语动词。在比较简单的语境中通常含有比较明确的完成时态的标志，但在很多的语境中没有具体的标志，这时就需要考生依照具体的语境进行逻辑分析方能作出正确的抉择。1.【04 BJMET.29】_ in the queue for half an hour,Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.A.To wait B.Have waited C.Having waited D.To have waited,非谓语动词作状语,B,一.现在分词作状语5.现在分词的完成时作状语2.【01 NMET 35】_ such heavy pollution already,it may not be too late to clear up the river.A.Having suffered B.Suffering C.To suffer D.Suffered【解析】：翻译：（虽然遭受了严重污染，但清理这条河流可能还为时不算太晚。）所以，答案选：。,非谓语动词作状语,A,一.现在分词作状语5.现在分词的完成时作状语3.【04 GDMET广东.26】_ the program,they have to stay there for another two weeks.A.Not completing B.Not completed C.Not having completed D.Having not completed【解析】：翻译：（因为没有完成计划，他们只好在那里又呆了两个周。）依据语境分析，完成计划应该是返回的先决条件。所以，答案选：C。,非谓语动词作状语,C,一.现在分词作状语5.现在分词的完成时作状语4.【05 NMET I/II.32】The storm left,_ a lot of damage to this area.A.caused B.to have caused C.to cause D.having caused【解析】：翻译：（风暴过去了，给本地区造成了巨大的损失。）本题从句法结构上就可以作出判断。所以，答案选：。,非谓语动词作状语,D,二.过去分词作状语 可以用来说明谓语发生的背景、表示原因、时间；也可以 表示一个假设的情况，相当于条件状语从句。1.【07.SCHMET.35】The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _ every day.A watered Bwatering Bwater Dto water【解析】：选项浇和句子的主语flowers之间呈现被动关系。Unless watered every day说明了花成活的条件。所以，答案选：。,非谓语动词作状语,A,二.过去分词作状语2.【07.ZHJMET.20】_ by a greater demand of vegetables,farmers have built more green houses.ADriven BBeing driven CTo drive DHaving driven【解析】：空后的介词by暗示了该空要选动词的过去分词作状语。此句的谓语使用了现在完成时，由此可以推出由“对蔬菜的大量需求”所产生的驱动力自然发生在过去。所以，答案选：。,非谓语动词作状语,A,二.过去分词作状语3.【06 FJMET.33】_ for the breakdown of the school computer network,Alice was in low spirits.A.Blaming B.Blamed C.To blame D.To be blamed【解析】：选项责备和句子的主语Alice之间呈现被动关系。因此，使用过去分词作状语说明了爱丽丝情绪低落的原因。根据不定式的基本属性可以得知项只能表示将来的目的或原因。所以，答案选：。,非谓语动词作状语,B,二.过去分词作状语4.【96 NMET】_ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.A.Losing B.Having lost C.Lost D.To lose【解析】：首先，be lost in thought是固定结构，原于“lose oneself in thought”，因此，说明了选项和句子主语之间的被动关系。其次，根据语境分析，该句原于“Because he was lost in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.”所以，答案选：C。,非谓语动词作状语,C,二.过去分词作状语5.【02 NMET】The research is so designed that once_ nothing can be done to change it.A.begins B.having begun C.beginning D.begun【解析】：选项“开工”和句子的主语“研究”之间呈现被动关系。Once begun原于once it is begun“一旦开工”。所以，答案选：。,非谓语动词作状语,D,二.过去分词作状语6.【00NMET春 17】_the general state of his health,it may take him a while to recover from the operation.A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given【解析】：此题实际是考查学生是否对介词given基本语义的认识。在英语中以given开始的句子有两种含义：一种是“给”，这时的分词短语来源于“if sb is given sth.”;另一种是“鉴于”，这时的given是介词，无法还原成状语从句。所以，答案选：。,非谓语动词作状语,A,二.过去分词作状语7.【02 SHHMET.春】When _,the museum will be open to the public next year.A.completed B.completing C.being completed D.to be completed【解析】：首先，选项“竣工”和句子的主语“博物馆”之间呈现被动关系；其次，根据时间和条件状语从句中，主从句谓语时态的搭配规则，就可以很容易推出本题的答案。答案选：。,非谓语动词作状语,A,二.过去分词作状语8.【06 SHXMET.17】Faced with a bill for 10,000,_.A.John has taken an extra job B.the boss has given john an extra job C.an extra job has been taken D.an extra job has been given to John【解析】：本题考查的是一项非谓语应用的基本原则即：“非谓语动词和句子的谓语都是同一主语所为。否则，就用状语从句。”要回答此题，关键是要搞清楚句子的主语是哪个。答案选：。,非谓语动词作状语,A,三.不定式作状语 1.不定式作目的状语1.【07.JXMET.24】When asked why he went there,he said he was sent there _ for a space flight.Atraining Bbeing trained Cto have trained Dto be trained【解析】：首先动词send后面要求接不定式作目的状语；其次，不定式“训练”和它的逻辑主语，也就是句子的主语，之间成被动关系。所以，答案选：。,非谓语动词作状语,D,三.不定式作状语 1.不定式作目的状语2.【07.SHHMET.35】There is nothing more I can try you to stay,so I wish you good lunch.Abeing persuaded Bpersuading Cto be persuaded Dto persuade【解析】：此句类似还有“Well do everything we can to do sth.”答案选：。,非谓语动词作状语,D,三.不定式作状语 1.不定式作目的状语3【07.ZHJMET.9】The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _.Ato be heard Bto have heard Chearing Dbeing heard【解析】：动词struggle是不及物动词，后接不定式作目的状语；不定式“听见”和其逻辑主语“I”之间呈现被动关系“以便被人听见（自己所说的话）”。答案选：。,非谓语动词作状语,A,三.不定式作状语 1.不定式作目的状语As the twentieth century came to a close,the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand,waiting _.A.to use B.to be used C.to have used D.to be using【解析】：不定式“使用”和其逻辑主语“the raw materials”之间呈现被动关系“素材等着被使用”。所以，答案选：。,非谓语动词作状语,B,三.不定式作状语 1.不定式作目的状语5.30.2006 GDMET this cake,youll need 2 eggs,175 g sugar and 175 g flour.A.Having made B.Make C.To make D.Making【解析】：根据语境分析，需要的用品说明了做蛋糕的用途。那么“做蛋糕”就成了不定式作目的状语。所以，答案选：。,非谓语动词作状语,C,三.不定式作状语 1.不定式作目的状语6.35.2005 SHMETIt was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _ a look at the sports star.A.had B.having C.to have D.have【解析】：根据语境分析“看一眼体育明星是等候三个小时的目的”；此外，just to do sth.是典型的目的状语。所以，答案选：。,非谓语动词作状语,C,三.不定式作状语 2.不定式作结果状语7.18.2006 SHXMETHe hurried to the booking office only_that all the tickets had been sold out.A.to tell B.to be told C.telling D.told【解析】：首先only后面接不定式表示出乎意外的结果；其次不定式和其逻辑主语he之间呈被动关系。所以，答案选：。,非谓语动词作状语,B,三.不定式作状语 2.不定式作结果状语8.31.2005 GDMETHe hurried to the station only _ that the train had left.A.to find B.finding C.found D.to have found【解析】：only to do sth.是典型的结果状语；此外，不定式的一般时表示将来；而它的完成时则表示该动作的发生早于谓语动词。根据语境分析，“发现”显然要晚于“hurried”。所以，答案选：。,非谓语动词作状语,A,三.不定式作状语 2.不定式作结果状语9.27.2005FJMET The news reporter hurried to the airport,only _ the film star had left.A.to tell B.to be told C.telling D.told【解析】：和上面的第五题雷同。所以，答案选：。,非谓语动词作状语,B,三.不定式作状语1.【04 HUNMET.33】You were silly not _ your car.A.to lock B.to have locked C.locking D.having locked【解析】：本题是考查不定式作原因状语。根据语境分析，这里应该使用不定式的完成时用以表示过去的动作。所以，答案选：。,非谓语动词作状语,B,四.结合非谓语动词考查谓语动词1【06 NMET.I.35】Mary,here-everybody else,stay where you are.A.come B.comes C.to come D.coming2.【06 HUBMET.29】I was wondering if we could go skating on the weekend.good.A.Sound B.Sounded C.Sounding D.Sounds,非谓语动词作状语,A,D,四.结合非谓语动词考查谓语动词3【06 NMET.I.35】Mary,here-everybody else,stay where you are.A.come B.comes C.to come D.coming4.【05 CHQMET.31】-What should I do with this paragraph?-_ the main idea of each paragraph.A.Finding out B.Found out C.Find out D.To find out,非谓语动词作状语,A,C,在英语中时常会见到一个名（代）和另外一个成分构成的复合结构作状语。这种结构也叫独立结构。常见的有以下几种：1.名词（或代词）+分词 He lay on his back,his hands crossed under his head.他脸朝天头枕着手躺着。2.名词（或代词）+形容词 He entered the room,his nose red with cold.他鼻子冻得通红地走进房来。,独立结构作状语,在英语中时常会见到一个名（代）和另外一个成分构成的复合结构作状语。这种结构也叫独立结构。常见的有以下几种：3.名词（或代词）+不定式 Here are to two volumes,the third one to come out next month.这儿是头两卷，第三卷下月出。4.名词（或代词）+介词短语 After school the students left school,backpacks on their back.放学后学生回家去了，背上背着背包。,独立结构作状语,在英语中时常会见到一个名（代）和另外一个成分构成的复合结构作状语。这种结构也叫独立结构。常见的有以下几种：5.名词（或代词）+副词 He put on his sweater wrong side out.他的毛衣穿反了。高考主要考查“名词（或代词）+分词”和“名词（或代词）+不定式”两种语言现象。,独立结构作状语,例题解析：1【07.SHDMET.33】The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft,the most recent _ at the end of last March.Ahas been launched Bhaving been launched Cbeing launched Dto be launched【解析】：该句使用了独立复合结构作状语。全句可以改写成口语：The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft and the most recent was launched at the end of last March.此题除了运用理解句子基本语境来准确辨别答案之外，也可以用排除法。答案选：。,独立结构作状语,B,例题解析：2.【07.CHQMET.25】The children went home from the grammar school,their lessons_for the day.A.finishing B.finished C.had finished D.were finished【解析】：该句使用了独立复合结构作状语。全句可以改写成口语：The children finished their lessons for the day and then went home from the grammar school.答案选：。,独立结构作状语,B,例题解析：3.【06 HENMET.13】Good-bye _,they left for home Asays Bsaying Csaid Dto say【解析】：该句使用了独立复合结构作状语。全句可以改写成口语：They left for home after saying Good-bye(after Good-bye was said).答案选：。,独立结构作状语,C,WITH后面可以接复合结构作状语。常用的有以下六种情况：1.with sth.in ones hand 手里拿着什么东西。2.with the windows open 开着窗户。3.with the production up by 16%产量提高了百分之十六。4.with sth.to do 有什么事情要做。5.with sth.done 做过了什么事情。某物处于被动的状态中6.with sth.doing sth.（一边是）某人做着什么。本节课主要讲解后三者。,WITH+结构作状语,WITH后面可以接复合结构作状语。常用的有以下六种情况：4.with sth.to do 有什么事情要做。With a report _,he had to work overtime.A.to write B.written C.writing D.to be written【解析】:根据语境分析可以得知，加班的原因是要写报告。所以，要用不定式。答案选：A。,WITH+结构作状语,A,WITH后面可以接复合结构作状语。常用的有以下六种情况：5.with sth.done 做过了什么事情。某物处于被动的状态中。1.【07.ANHMET.29】John received an invitation to dinner,and with his work _,he gladly accepted it.Afinished Bfinishing Chaving finished Dwas finished【解析】：该句使用了with+由sth.+过去分词组成的复合结构作状语。全句可以改写成口语：John received an invitation to dinner and he gladly accepted it since his work had been finished(he had finished his work).译成：“做完了工作”。答案选：A。,WITH+结构作状语,A,WITH后面可以接复合结构作状语。常用的有以下六种情况：5.with sth.done 做过了什么事情。某物处于被动的状态中。2.【2006 HENMET.6】The murder was brought in,with his hands _ behind his back Abeing tied Bhaving tied Cto be tied Dtied【解析】：全句可以改写成口语：The murder was brought in,and his hands were tied behind his back译成：“手背后绑着”。答案选：。,WITH+结构作状语,D,WITH后面可以接复合结构作状语。常用的有以下六种情况：6.with sth.doing sth.（一边是）某人做着什么。1.【07.FJMET.26】Come on,please give me some ideas about the project.Sorry.With so much work my mind,I almost break down.A.filled B.filling C.to fill D.being filled【解析】：该句使用了with+由sth.+doing分词组成的复合结构作状语。With sth.doing表示某物“正在处于动作中”。全句可以改写成口语：I almost break down since my mind is filled with so much work(so much work fills my mind).译成：“满心思的工作”。答案选：。,WITH+结构作状语,B,WITH后面可以接复合结构作状语。常用的有以下六种情况：6.with sth.doing sth.（一边是）某人做着什么。2.【2005BJMET.34】I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _.A.going on B.goes on C.went on D.to go on【解析】：全句可以改写成口语：I couldnt do my homework when all that noise was going on.译成：“一片嘈杂声”。答案选：。,WITH+结构作状语,A,一.现在分词作定语现在分词作定语具有两种情况：1.来源于进行时，说明了句子的谓语发生时，分词的动作正在进行。如：The girl sitting at Row One is a member of the school environment protection group.坐第一排的那女孩是学校环境保护小组成员。Tell the children playing there not to make so much noise.叫那些在那儿玩的孩子别这么吵。以上两句变为定语从句时要进行时。,非谓语动词作定语,2.来源于一般时，表示经常性动作或现在（或当时）的状态。变为从句时要用一般时态。如：They lived in a house facing=(that faced)the south.他们住一间窗户朝南房子里。The house standing=(that stands)at the corner of the street was built in 1955.拐弯地方那所房子是1955年修建的。其它情况一般不宜用现在分词作定语。,非谓语动词作定语,二.现在分词作定语例题解析1.【07.NMET.II.12】At the beginning of class,the noise of desks _could be heard outside the classroom.A.opened and closed B.to be opened and closedC.being opened and closed D.to open and close【解析】：根据语境分析，“开合桌子”所弄出的声响形象地描述了开始上课时教室里的吵闹场面。句中的现在分词短语可以改写成定语从句“that were being opened and closed”。所以，答案选：C。,非谓语动词作定语,C,二.现在分词作定语例题解析2.【07.SCHMET.26】Peter received a letter just now _ his grandma would come to see him soon.Asaid Bsays Csaying Dto say【解析】：根据语境分析，该句使用现在分词作定语，可以改写成定语从句“which/that said”。答案选：C。,非谓语动词作定语,C,二.现在分词作定语例题解析3.【06.HUNMET.21】The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _ the desert.A.covering B.covered C.cover D.to cover【解析】：根据语境分析，该句使用现在分词作定语，可以改写成定语从句“which/that was covered”。所以，答案选：A。,非谓语动词作定语,A,4.【06 SHHMET.34】Russ and Earl were auto mechanics _ the same pay,but Earl had more ambition.A.to earn B.to have earned C.earning D.earned【解析】：根据语境分析，该句使用现在分词作定语，可以改写成定语从句“who earned”。所以，答案选：C。,非谓语动词作定语,C,5.【04.SHHMET.34】The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of the nature.A.to smell B.smelling C.smelt D.to be smelt【解析】：根据语境分析，该句使用现在分词作定语，可以改写成定语从句“which/that smell”。所以，答案选：B。,非谓语动词作定语,B,三.过去分词作定语 过去分词的基本属性(表示被动)决定了过去分词和所修饰的词之间呈被动关系。过去分词作定语有两种情况:1.过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前.1.Is this the book recommended by our teacher?这是老师介绍的书吗？2.The Earth Summit held in Sweden was a milestone in environmental protection.在瑞典举办的地球蜂会是环境保护的一个里程碑。,非谓语动词作定语,三.过去分词作定语 过去分词的基本属性(表示被动)决定了过去分词和所修饰的词之间呈被动关系。过去分词作定语有两种情况:2.过去分词表示的动作没有时间性.1.We have to pay duties for goods imported from abroad.进口商品得缴税。2.I hate to see letters written in pencil.我不喜欢看铅笔写的信。,非谓语动词作定语,三.过去分词作定语例题解析1.【07.HUNMET.34】“Things _ never come again!”I couldnt help talking to myself.Alost Blosing Cto lose Dhave lost【解析】：根据语境分析，该句使用过去分词作定语，表示已经形成的状态。可以改写成定语从句“that are lost”。所以，答案选：A。,非谓语动词作定语,A,三.过去分词作定语例题解析2.【07.SHHMET.36】The Town Hall in the 1800s was the most distinguished building at that time.Ato be completed Bhaving been completedCcompleted Dbeing completed【解析】：根据语境分析，该句使用过去分词作定语，表示过去的被动行为。可以改写成定语从句“which/that was completed”。所以，答案选：C。,非谓语动词作定语,C,三.过去分词作定语例题解析3.【06 SHDMET.29】Five people won the“Chinas Green Figure”award,a title _ to ordinary people their contributions to environmental protection.A.being given B.is given C.given D.was given【解析】：根据语境分析，该句使用过去分词作定语。可以改写成定语从句“that which is given”。所以，答案选：C。,非谓语动词作定语,C,三.过去分词作定语例题解析4.【06 BJMET.28】There have been several new events to the program for the Beijing Olympic Game.A.add B.to add C.adding D.added【解析】：根据语境分析，该句使用过去分词作定语，表示已经形成的状态。可以改写成定语从句“which have been added”。所以，答案选：D。,非谓语动词作定语,D,三.过去分词作定语例题解析5.【05BJMET.32】The prize of the game show is$30,000 and an all expenses _ vacation to China.A.paying B.paid C.to be paid D.being paid【解析】：本题的语境和上面第三题相似，使用过去分词作定语。可以改写成定语从句“are paid”。所以，答案选：B。,非谓语动词作定语,B,三.过去分词作定语例题解析6.【04 SHHMET.35】The disc,digitally _ in the studio,sounded fantastic at the party that night.A.recorded B.recording C.to be recorded D.having recorded【解析】：根据语境分析，该句使用过去分词作定语，可以改写成定语从句“which/that is recorded”。所以，答案选：A。,非谓语动词作定语,A,三.过去分词作定语例题解析7.【04 ZJMET.29】India worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company