过去分词讲与练a.ppt

过去分词讲与练,过去分词具有形容词和副词的特征，在句中可以作表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。过去分词一般有“被动”和“已经完成”两种含义。如 spoken English中的 spoken，表示被动的动作；boiled water 中的 boiled，表示完成的动作。,一、过去分词作表语 过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态。例如：The door remained locked.门锁着。She was very disappointed at the result of the exam.她对考试的结果很是失望。能这样用的表示状态的过去分词有：delighted,upset,disappointed,discouraged,amused,astonished,frightened,amazed,excited,experienced,interested,pleased,puzzled,satisfied,tired,surprised,worried 等。,有些过去分词作表语时，与系动词一起构成的系表结构与普通的被动结构在形式上相似。它们的主要区别是：被动结构中的过去分词表示一个被动的动作，而系表结构中的过去分词表示主语所处的状态。例如：1.The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains.这座城三面环山。（is surrounded 是系表结构）The enemy was soon surrounded by us.敌人很快被我们包围了。（was surrounded 是被动结构）,2.He was injured in the leg.他腿部受伤了。（was injured 是系表结构）He has been injured twice this year.他今年已经二次负伤。（has been injured 是被动结构）可以这样用的过去分词有：covered,shut,dressed,broken,wounded,closed,surrounded,killed,finished,lined,injured,loaded,lost,typed,completed,known,unknown 等。,二.过去分词作宾语补足语 过去分词可以在以下四类动词后面充当宾语补足语。1.感官动词：see,notice,watch,observe,hear,look at,listen to 等。例如：I often hear this song sung in English.我经常听到（有人）用英语唱这首歌。Did you see him beaten by his father?你看到他挨他父亲的打了吗？2.表示心理状态的动词：think,find consider,believe 等。例如：When he woke up,he found himself tied to a big tree.当他醒来时，他发现自己被捆绑在一棵大树上。,Surprisingly,we found no villagers injured in the hurricane.令人惊奇的是，我们发现在这次飓风中居然没有村民受伤。3.使役动词：have,get,keep,leave,make 等。注意：使役动词 have 的后面接过去分词作宾补时 有两种意思：（1）表示“有意识地让别人做某事”，过去分词所表示的动作常由别人来完成，但不强调究竟有谁来完成。宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者。例如：I think youd better have yourself examined when you are free.我想你有空时最好去检查一下身体。,（2）表示宾语“遭遇到，受到”。例如：Three famous parks in and around London had over 1,400 trees blown down.伦敦市内和近郊三个著名的公园里有 1,400 多棵树被刮倒。但是，“have sth done”并不只是以上两种意思。例如：I have nothing left.我什么也没有了。所以对具体情况我们应该作具体分析。4.表示“希望、愿望、命令”的动词：want,wish,like,expect,order 等。例如：I want the suit made to my own measure.我要按自己的尺寸来做这件衣服。,三、过去分词作定语 作定语用的过去分词具有被动意义，也可以表示已经完成的动作。单个过去分词作定语时要放在被修饰的词语之前，过去分词短语作定语时要放在被修饰的词语之后。例如：Polluted air and water are harmful to peoples health.污染的空气和水对人们的健康有害。We were given printed question paper.我们得到了印好的试题纸。The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200,000 silver pennis.英格兰发现的最大一堆硬币是 20 万枚银制的便士。Is this the book recommended by the teacher?这是老师介绍的书吗？,四、过去分词作状语 1.过去分词作状语，可以表示伴随情况。例如：The teacher came into his office,followed by some students.老师走进了办公室，后面跟着一些学生。Guided by the guide,we visited a lot of places of interest there.在导游的带领下，我们参观了那里的很多景点。2.过去分词短语作状语，可以表示原因。例如：Praised by the teacher,he studied even harder.因为受到老师的表扬，他学习更加努力了。,He soon fell asleep,exhausted by the journey.由于旅途劳累，他很快就睡着了。3.过去分词短语作状语，可以表示时间。例如：Left in the rain,the metal will soon get rusty.这种金属浸泡在雨水中很快就会生锈。4.过去分词短语作状语，可以表示条件。例如：Given more time,I would have done the job much better.要是给我更多的时间，这个工作我就会 做得比现在好得多。,练习：,1.（NMET 2000）The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.A.carry out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out 2.（NMET 2002）The research is so designed that once _,nothing can be done to change it.A.begins B.having begun C.beginning D.begun,3.（NMET 1994）The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A.having written B.to be written C.being written D.written 4.（NMET 1997）The Olympic Games,_ in 776 BC,did not include women players until 1912.A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be first playing 5.（NMET 2002 春）Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices.A.are bought B.bought C.been bought D.buying,6.（2002 上海）Dont use words,expressions or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge.A.being known B.having been known C.to be known D.known 7.（2002 北京）How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.A.to solving;making B.to solving;made C.to solve;making D.to solve;made 8.（NMET 1996）_ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.A.Losing B.Having lost C.Lost D.To lose,9.（2000 上海）_ in 1636,Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A.Being founded B.It was founded C.Founded D.Founding 10.（NMET 2000 春）_ the general state of his health,it may take him a while to recover from the operation.A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given 11.（2004 浙江）Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company,_ as 3M.A.knowing B.known C.being known D.to be known,12._ time,hell make a first-class tennis player.A.Having B.To give C.Giving D.Given 13.（2003 北京春）Mr Smith,_ of the _ speech,started to read a novel.A.tired;boring B.tiring;bored C.tired;bored D.tiring;boring 14.China is a _ country and we should introduce _ science and technology from the _ countries.A.developed;advanced;developed B.developing;advanced;developed C.developing;advancing;developing D.developed;advancing;developing,15.Because of my _ English,I cant make myself _.A.broken;understand B.broken;understood C.break;understood D.breaking;understanding 16.What do you think of the play _ by Class Three,Grade Two?A.to be put on B.put on C.being put on D.having been put on 17.The old man walked in the street,_.A.followed by his son B.followed his son C.and following his son D.and followed by his son,18.I saw him _ behind the tree thinking.A.sat B.seated C.seating D.seat 19.Most of the people _ to the party were famous scientists.A.invited B.to invite C.being invited D.inviting,Keys:15CDDCB 610DDCCA1115BDABB 1619BABA,答案与解析：1.C。see 为感官动词，作宾语“the plan”的补足语，carried out 和 the plan 之间为被动关系。2.D。实际上这里的“once begun”是“once the research is begun”的省略形式。在时间状语从句 和条件状语从句中，如果从句的主语与主句的主语一 致，可以省略从句的主语和助动词 be。3.D。用过去分词 written 作后置定语表示被动意义，而且表示该动作已经完成。4.C。“first played”作定语，修饰 the Olympic Games,被修饰语与修饰语之间是被动关系。5.B。过去分词短语作定语表示被动意义。A 项为谓语形式，B项是不正规的分词形式，D 项表示主动意义。6.D。过去分词短语作定语，表示被动意义。,7.D。此题可以先填第二个空。根据语义关系，第二个空 应填表示被动意义的过去分词，因此可以排除 A 和 C。再看第一个空，该空应填动词不定式，表示一个尚未发 生的动作。因此，D 为正确答案。8.C。过去分词短语作状语，表示原因。短语“(be)lost in thought”意为“陷入沉思”。9.C。过去分词短语作状语，表示原因。“Founded in 1636,”可转换为“As Harvard was founded in 1636,”10.A。过去分词短语作状语，表示条件，“Given”相当 于“If he is given the general state of his health,”，故答案为 A。,11.B。空白处填入 known 之后构成过去分词短语，用作 定语，“known as 3M”相当于一个非限制性定语从句“which is known as 3M”。12.D。此空填入 Given，表示被动意义。过去分词短语“Given time”可以转换为“If he is given time”，表示条件。13.A。第一个空填 tired 表示主语所处的状态，第二个 空填 boring 表示“speech”的特征，所以答案为 A。14.B。developing 意为“正在发展中的”，developed 意为“发达的”，advanced 意为“先进的”，这三个分词在句中都作定语。15.B。第一个空填 broken 作定语，修饰 English，第二个空填 understood，作宾语 myself 的补足语，表示被动意义。,16.B。“put on by Class Three,Grade Two”为过去分词 短语作定语，修饰 the play，表示被动意义，且动作已 完成。17.A。因为 the old man 与 follow 之间是被动关系，而 followed 表示的动作是由 by 后面的 his son 完成的，所以答案为 A。18.B。seated 是过去分词，作 him 的宾语补足语。seat 表示“坐”的状态时常用 be seated；表示“坐”的 动作时用 seat sb/oneself。此句中 seated 表示宾语 him 的状态，故答案为 B。19.A。invited 表示“已经被邀请来的”，invited to the party 是过去分词短语作定语，修饰 the people。,