翻译培训-入门课程-标点符号.ppt

Shanghai Doc,标点符号在翻译中的应用,主讲：郭宝霞Trainer:Becky Guo,上海道珂翻译培训学院,1,为什么要学习标点符号？,1、翻译中需要对原语言合句、分句，标点符号也需进行调整。2、初学翻译者由于受原语言中标点符号的误导，写的句子缺乏逻辑，要么一逗到底，要么不做任何调整。3、标点符号的不正确使用，会给读者带来很大的理解上的困扰。4、专业、地道的写作和表达，标点符号的细节问题不容忽视，否则就是“门外汉”。,2,翻译中标点符号的两大误区,中英翻译中英文一逗到底。见符号翻符号，不做任何调整。,3,翻译中对标点符号的态度,记住两句话：切忌眼高手低细节决定成败,4,咱们走着瞧！,如果您不信，咱们来试试！找找错误,5,判断并找出下列句子中的标点符号错误,1.Please fill in this blank with male/female.请在这个空格中填上男性/女性。请在这个空格中填上男性或是女性。2.我们这里出产棉花、大豆、小麦和玉米。Here we grow cotton、soybeans、wheat and corn.Here we grow cotton，soybeans，wheat and corn.3.It was raining hard,they could not work in the fields.It was raining hard.They could not work in the fields.It was raining hard,so they could not work in the fields.It was raining hard,and they could not work in the fields.,6,判断并找出下列句子中的标点符号错误（续）,4.I wonder how you will solve the problem？I wonder how you will solve the problem.5.Saturn was long thought to be the only ringed planet,however,this is now known not to be the case.Saturn was long thought to be the only ringed planet;however,this is now known not to be the case.Saturn was long thought to be the only ringed planet,but this is now known not to be the case.6.It is,however,usual to use a colon after a word,phrase or sentence in the middle of a text.,7,标点符号的用途,应用在口语中，有助于语气的表达和判断。应用在写作和翻译中，有助于表情达意。错误的标点符号，会造成意思的误解。正确使用标点符号，让您的译文变得专业、规范、通顺。,8,课程大纲,中文和英文中通用的标点符号中文、英文标点符号的区别中文中有而英文中没有的五大标点符号英文中有而中文中没有的三大标点符号逗号、句号、冒号和分号的经典用法破折号和括号的使用,9,中文和英文通用的标点符号,讨论问题：1、中文和英文中哪些标点符号是通用的（叫法上）？2、对于这些通用的标点符号，在中文和英文中表现形式均一样吗？哪些不一样？,10,中文和英文标点符号-相同点,11,中文和英文中通用的标点符号,讨论问题：英文中有而中文中没有的三大标点符号，并说明其具体的用法。中文中有而英文中没有的五大标点符号，并说明其具体的用法。,12,撇号或省字号 Apostrophe(),a.表示名词或不定代词的所有格,翻译时常译为“的”，有时可省略 last weeks news 上周（的）新闻 womens right 妇女（的）权利 b.表示数字、符号、字母或词形本身的复数。可根据具体情况进行不同的处理，使用双引号有助于表达清晰。He got five Cs in the final exams.他在期末考试中得了五个“C”。c.表示省略了的字母、数字或单词。翻译时进行复原，将意思译出来即可。I heard it at the butchers(store).我是在肉店听说这事的。Ive got it=I have got it.Id like to(在书面语中要写作I would like to),14,连字号 hyphen（-）,a.用于复合词、词缀与词根之间，不必译出。b.用于两个比分或两个比赛对手之间，可根据情况使用冒号，或译为“比”、“对”等。c.用于两地名、数字或时间之间，译为“至”或“到”d.用于单词移行，不必译出。e.用于拼词，可根据情况处理。,15,连字号 hyphen（-）-第一种用法,a.用于复合词、词缀与词根之间，不必译出。例如：anti-seismic 抗地震的Ex-husband 前夫；brand-new 全新的；poorly-dressed 衣着破烂的b.把连接符恰当地用在复合词中，起到整体修饰作用，让行文更简洁、易懂。c.为避免产生歧义时，用连字号She re-covered the sofa=She put a new cover on the sofa She recovered the sofa=She got the sofa back.re-create 重新创作（用以区分 recreate 娱乐）,16,Hyphen 在翻译中的活用,阳春三月，我们中国大陆媒体代表团的一行10人踏上太平洋彼岸的土地，利用一周的时间采访了霍尼韦尔过程控制部及其工厂。In March 2006,the _of China Mainland media paid _to Honeywell Process Solutions(HPS)as well as its plant.,10-people delegation,10-people delegation,a one-week visit,17,连字号 hyphen（-）-第二种用法,b.用于两个比分或两个比赛对手之间，可根据情况使用冒号，或译为“比”、“对”等。1)This is a America-China match.这是一场美国对中国的比赛。2)Our team defeated theirs by 3-0.我们队以三比零（或 3：0）击败了他们的队。,18,连字号 hyphen（-）-第三种用法,c.用于数字One-quarter Twenty-three The Beijing-Shanghai express has just arrived.从北京到上海的快车刚刚抵达。We can find the answer to the questions in pages 99-155.我们可以在第 99 页到 155 页中找到这些问题的答案。办公时间是 9 点至 17 点。The office hours are 9:00-17:00.,19,连字号 hyphen（-）-第四种用法,d.用于单词移行，不必译出。移行的时候，注意在音节的分界处进行断开1)We were dismayed at having to listen to such inconsequential remarks 2)inconsequential remarks 这样就不合理,20,连字号 hyphen（-）-第五种用法,e.用于拼词，可根据情况处理My name is Ernest.E-r-n-e-s-t.Ernest.我的名字叫欧内斯特。E-r-n-e-s-t.欧内斯特。“梦“这个词怎么拼？”“D-r-e-a-m。”“How do you spell the word dream?”“D-r-e-a-m.”,21,Dash破折号用法举例,In todays economy,maintaining efficiency in regards to both operations and costs is the common challenge facing industrial customers around the globe.Experion R300 also features embedded cyber security technology to help prevent denial of service attacks a feature no other competitor offers.PHOENIX,June 29,2006 Honeywell(NYSE:HON)today announced a new service that will help pulp and paper companies reduce maintenance costs while keeping their quality-control equipment running smoothly.,22,Dash破折号的用法,英文中破折号的形式The dash(-)is the long horizontal bar,noticeably longer than a hyphen.A single hyphen=dash(British Usage);Two hyphens=dash(American Usage)Dashes come in pairs(one dash at the end or beginning of a sentence)破折号的用途A pair of dashes separates a strong interruption from the rest of the sentence.representing ranges of numbers,and occasionally also other ranges,23,Dash表示数字范围,Representing ranges of number,occasionally other ranges.1.According to the site survey,the ground elevation is+2.78-+1.43.2.The length of the rope is 2.5-2.8m.3.We can find the answer to the questions in pages 99-155.我们可以在第 99 页到 155 页中找到这些问题的答案。4、办公时间是 9 点至 17 点。The office hours are 9:00-17:00.,24,判断下来句子是否正确并改正,1.Steel contains from 0.1-1.7%carbon.Steel contains from 0.1 to 1.7%carbon.2.She was living in Rome from 1977-1983.She was living in Rome from 1977 to 1983.3.Steel contains between 0.1-1.7%carbon.Steel contains between 0.1 and 1.7%carbon.4.Steel contains between 0.1 to 1.7%carbon.Steel contains between 0.1 and 1.7%carbon.,25,Dash经典错误-总结,正确的表达from X to Ybetween X and Y,错误的表达from X Ybetween X Ybetween X to Y,26,斜线号Virgule(/)的用法,a.分隔替换词。常常可译为“或”。b.分隔并列词语，可以用汉语中的逗号或顿号以及并列连词进行翻译。c.用于缩略语，翻译时进行复原，将意思译出来。d.用于数字组合中，翻译时按照汉语表达习惯处理。e.用于度量衡或音标中，翻译时可照搬，或译成“每”。,27,斜线号 Slash/Virgule(/)的第一种用法,a.分隔替换词。常常可译为“或”。Please fill in this blank with male/female.请在这个空格中填上男性或是女性。You can use this pen to draw and/or write.你可以用这支笔写或是画，或是既写又画。,28,斜线号Virgule(/)的第二种用法,b.分隔并列词语，可以用汉语中的逗号或顿号以及并列连词进行翻译。Please write down your name/sex/age.请写下你的姓名、性别和年龄。,29,斜线号Virgule(/)的第三种用法,c.用于缩略语，翻译时进行复原，将意思译出来。c/o(care of)由转交 h/w(husband and wife)夫妻,30,斜线号Virgule(/)的第四种用法,d.用于数字组合中，翻译时按照汉语表达习惯处理。Tel:23435654/23435655 电话：23435654，23435655 1/3 三分之一 one-third,31,斜线号Virgule(/)的第五种用法,e.用于度量衡或音标中，翻译时可照搬，或译成“每”。,32,仅中文有而英文中没有的标点符号,33,顿号、书名号的转换,甲、乙、丙、丁 A,B,C and D原产地证书 Certificate of Origin/CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINLaw of the Peoples Republic of China on Employment Contract 中华人民共和国劳动合同法,34,找出下列译文中的标点符号错误,1.I have been to a lot of places including Beijing,Shanghai,Jiujiang and Guangzhou etc.我去过很多地方，如：北京，上海，九江，广州等。我去过很多地方，如：北京、上海、九江、广州等。2.建筑设计防火规范Code of design on building fire protection and prevention Code of Design on Building Fire Protection and Prevention3.Final Acceptance Certificate has to signed off by the Parties.双方需在最终验收证书上签字。双方需在最终验收证书上签字。,35,找出下列译文中的标点符号错误,4.The contract is valued at$2.5 million and includes design,engineering,commissioning,testing and maintenance services.该合同包括设计，工程，调试，试验以及维护服务，合同总金额为250万美元。该合同包括设计、工程、调试、试验以及维护服务，合同总金额为250万美元。5.Town and Country Planning Act of the Peoples Republic of China has been carried into effect since 1 January,2008.“中华人民共和国城乡规划法”自2008年1月1日起施行 中华人民共和国城乡规划法自2008年1月1日起施行,36,找出译文标点符号错误-Homework,1.屋子里有一张床、一张桌子、四把椅子 There were a bed、a table、and four chairs 2.Liu will be responsible for the overall business in mainland China,Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan.刘先生负责包括中国大陆,香港,澳门及台湾的全盘业务。3.维克多雨果的作品对我国的影响很大。VictorHugos works have a great influence in our country.4.Tom Sawyer reminds millions of the adults of their childhood.汤姆-索亚使数以百万计的成年人忆起了他们的童年。5.Romeo and Juliet is one of the most touching plays written by William Shakespeare.“罗密欧与朱丽叶”是威廉莎士比亚最令人感动的剧作之一。6.The Construction Company shall strictly implement Technical code for building pile foundations.施工单位应严格执行建筑桩基技术规范。7.The Seller shall issue Quality of Certificate in three originals.卖方应签署合格证书正本三份。8.SH 3017-1999石油化工生产建筑设计规范 SH 3017-1999 Architectural code of petrochemical production design,37,找出对应的译文中非翻译类错误-答案,1.屋子里有一张床、一张桌子、四把椅子 There were a bed、a table、and four chairsThere were a bed,a table and four chairs.2.Liu will be responsible for the overall business in mainland China,Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan.刘先生负责包括中国大陆,香港,澳门及台湾的全盘业务。刘先生负责包括中国大陆、香港、澳门及台湾的全盘业务。3.维克多雨果的作品对我国的影响很大。VictorHugos works have a great influence in our country.Victor Hugos works have a great influence in our country4.Tom Sawyer reminds millions of the adults of their childhood.汤姆-索亚使数以百万计的成年人忆起了他们的童年。汤姆索亚使数以百万计的成年人忆起了他们的童年。,38,找出对应的译文中非翻译类错误-答案续,5.Romeo and Juliet is one of the most touching plays written by William Shakespeare.“罗密欧与朱丽叶”是威廉莎士比亚最令人感动的剧作之一。罗密欧与朱丽叶是威廉莎士比亚最令人感动的剧作之一。6.The Construction Company shall strictly implement Technical Code for Building Pile Foundations.施工单位应严格执行建筑桩基技术规范。施工单位应严格执行建筑桩基技术规范。7.The Seller shall issue Quality of Certificate in three originals.卖方应签署合格证书正本三份。8.SH 3017-1999石油化工生产建筑设计规范 SH 3017-1999 Architectural code of petrochemical production design SH 3017-1999 Architectural Code of Petrochemical Production Design,39,40,Now lets take a break!,41,1,彻底体验标点符号在翻译中的神奇魅力！,42,1,标点符合的细节活用,一、逗号的四大经典,二、句号的用法,三、分号的用法,四、冒号的用法,五、引号的用法,一、逗号的四大经典,43,1,一、逗号的四大经典,一、列举逗号Listing Comma,二、连接逗号Joining Comma,三、省略逗号 Gapping Comma,四、隔断逗号Bracketing Comma,一、列举逗号Listing Comma,44,I.Listing Comma列举逗号,listing comma is used as a kind of substitute for the word and,or sometimes for or.列举类逗号可以用and,or替换。,1.X,Y and Z,2.A small,fancy bike,1.X,Y and Z,一、列举逗号Listing Comma,45,I.Listing Comma列举逗号 1.列举内容,1.X,Y and Z,法规和更好的活动,这里的X,Y和Z可以是并列的单词或词组或句子。Lisa speaks French,Juliet speaks Italian and I speak Spanish.逗号用于列举中，至少有三个并列成分。I like apples and oranges.I like apples,pearls and oranges.c.决不可把逗号用于连接两个完全独立的句子。杜绝X,Y 表达句子X.句子Y 句子X,and 句子Y 经典高频错误！Lisa speaks French,Juliet speaks Italian.Lisa Speaks French.Juliet Speaks Italian.Lisa Speaks French,and Juliet Speaks Italian.,46,I.Listing Comma列举逗号 1.列举内容,1.X,Y and Z,法规和更好的活动,经典用法注意两点a.And 前面无需加逗号的情形There is a pen,a bag and three apples on my desk.b.And前面必须加逗号的情形My favorite opera composers are Verdi,Puccini,Mozart,and Gilbert and Sullivan.My favorite opera composers are Verdi,Puccini,Mozart,Gilbert and Sullivan.,X,Y(A and B),and Z,X,Y,and(C and D),1.X,Y,and Z,47,And前面必须加逗号的情形-举例,业务紧紧围绕劳务派遣，还包括人事代理、薪酬外包、人才招聘和猎头、保安公司等项目。Our business mainly centers on labor dispatching,personnel agency,compensation outsourcing,personnel recruitment,headhunting and security company service.Our business mainly centers on labor dispatching,personnel agency,compensation outsourcing,personnel recruitment and headhunting,and security company service.Our business mainly centers on labor dispatching,personnel agency,compensation outsourcing,personnel recruitment and headhunting and security company service.,48,I.Listing Comma列举逗号,listing comma is used as a kind of substitute for the word and,or sometimes for or.列举类逗号可以用and,or替换。,1.X,Y and Z,2.A small,fancy bike,1.X,Y and Z,2.A small,fancy bike,49,I.Listing Comma列举逗号 2.修饰名词,法规和更好的活动,经典用法注意两点a.逗号在分隔若干个形容词的时候，每个形容词都在修饰同一个名词。b.逗号可以用 and 替换时，意思不变，否则就不能用逗号。也就是说我们在用逗号隔开若干个形容词的时候，必须符合上述两点规则，否则就是错误的。如：Her long,dark,glossy hair fascinated me.警告：不是所有的并列形容词之间都可以用逗号。,2.A small,fancy bike,50,I.Listing Comma列举逗号 2.修饰名词,法规和更好的活动,经典错误我最喜欢澳大利亚的红酒。I prefer Australian red wines to all others.I prefer Australian，red wines to all others.这里是否可以用逗号？1.转换结果：I prefer Austrian and red wines to all others.(意思完全变了）。2.形容词red是修饰 名词wines，但是Austrian 是修饰 red wines，不是wines,两个形容词修饰的不是同一个名词。.,2.A small,fancy bike,51,一、逗号的四大经典,一、列举逗号Listing Comma,二、连接逗号Joining Comma,三、省略逗号 Gapping Comma,四、隔断逗号Bracketing Comma,二、连接逗号Joining Comma,52,II.Joining Comma连接逗号,1.与哪些连词搭配使用，表示连接Joining comma is used to join two complete sentences into a single sentence,and it must be followed by a suitable connecting word like and,or,but,while and yet.连接逗号后面紧跟着连接词and,or,but,while 和yet用于把两个独立的句子连成一个句子。举例：It was raining hard,they could not work in the fields.It was raining hard,and they could not work in the fields.It was raining hard,so they could not work in the fields.It was raining hard.They could not work in the fields.,二、连接逗号Joining Comma,53,II.Joining Comma连接逗号,与哪些连词（副词）不能搭配使用The connecting words however,therefore,hence,consequently,nevertheless and thus cannot be used after a joining comma.前后是两个独立的句子的时候，连接词 however,therefore,hence,consequently,nevertheless and thus 的前面不能用逗号，改为分号。举例：1.It is,however,usual to use a colon after a word,phrase or sentence in the middle of a text.2.Saturn was long thought to be the only ringed planet;however,this is now known not to be the case.,二、连接逗号Joining Comma,54,您真的明白了吗？,是不是还不明白,词组、句子 X,and(but,or,while,yet)Y,独立句X,therefore(hence,consequently,nevertheless and thus)Y,独立句X;therefore(hence,consequently,nevertheless and thus)Y,55,II.连接逗号巩固：找出标点符号错误并改正,1.Norway has applied to join the EC,Sweden is expected to do the same.2.Borg won his fifth straight Wimbledon title in 1980,the following year he lost in the final to McEnroe.3.Two members of the expedition were too ill to continue,nevertheless the others decided to press on.4.Liverpool are five points behind the leaders,therefore they must win both their remaining games.,56,II.连接逗号巩固：找出标点符号错误并改正（答案）,Norway has applied to join the EC,Sweden is expected to do the same.Norway has applied to join the EC.Sweden is expected to do the same.Norway has applied to join the EC,and Sweden is expected to do the same.Borg won his fifth straight Wimbledon title in 1980,the following year he lost in the final to McEnroe.Borg won his fifth straight Wimbledon title in 1980.The following year he lost in the final to McEnroe.Borg won his fifth straight Wimbledon title in 1980,and the following year he lost in the final to McEnroe.3.Two members of the expedition were too ill to continue,nevertheless the others decided to press on.Two members of the expedition were too ill to continue;nevertheless the others decided to press on.Liverpool are five points behind the leaders,therefore they must win both their remaining games.Liverpool are five points behind the leaders;therefore they must win both their remaining games.,57,逗号的四大经典,一、列举逗号Listing Comma,二、连接逗号Joining Comma,三、省略逗号 Gapping Comma,四、隔断逗号Bracketing Comma,三、省略逗号 Gapping Comma,58,III.Gapping Comma 省略逗号,Gapping comma is used to show that one or more words have been left out when the missing words would simply repeat the words already used earlier in the same sentence.为避免重复说明上文中已有的词语，可以用省略逗号，表明某些重复的词语已略掉。,三、省略逗号 Gapping Comma,59,Gapping Comma 举例分析,Italy is famous for her composers and musicians.France is famous for her chefs and philosophers.Poland is famous for her mathematicians and logicians.Italy is famous for her composers and musicians,France,for her chefs and philosophers,and Poland,for her mathematicians and logicians.,and 前面的逗号为连接逗号France 和Poland后面省略了 is famous所以逗号隔开。若把该 gapping comma 拿掉，不影响意思的话，也可以去掉。不是很严格。Italy is famous for her composers and musicians,France for her chefs and philosophers,and Poland for her mathematicians and logicians.,60,体验省略逗号的超级快感,您是否真正体验到Gapping Comma给您带来的快感 Lets try another example!,61,Gapping Comma 举例（2）,翻译下列句子，注意发挥Gapping Comma的作用。（待添加）,62,逗号的四大经典用法,一、列举逗号Listing Comma,二、连接逗号Joining Comma,三、省略逗号 Gapping Comma,四、隔断逗号Bracketing Comma,四、隔断逗号Bracketing Comma,63,揭晓Bracketing Comma的超级秘诀,在写作或翻译中巧用、妙用，让您的译文立刻闪亮！让我们一起来体验它的超级秘诀！,四、隔断逗号Bracketing Comma,64,Bracketing Comma用于句子中间-举例,1.Rupert Brooke,who was killed in the war at the age of twenty-eight,was one of our finest poets 2.Darwins Origin of Species,published in 1859,revolutionized biological thinking.The Pakistanis,like the Australians before them,have exposed the shortcomings of the England battingorder.China,one of the largest countries in the World,is actively seek