定语及定语从句翻译方法.ppt

定语及定语从句的翻译方法,作定语的情况,1、介词短语,2、形容词(或其短语),3、非限定词（不定时、现在分词、过去分词）,4、定语从句,5、同位语从句,1、介词短语作后置定语,In general，ethers are good solvents for fats，waxes and resins,通常，对脂肪、蜡、树脂醚是好的溶剂。,醚通常是脂肪、蜡、树脂的良好溶剂。,The gas from flask is washed with water to remove ammonia.,烧瓶里出来的气体用水洗涤可除去氨。,The presence of a substituent group in benzene plays a profound control over orientation of the entering substituent,苯中取代基的存在对进入取代基团的方位起着强有力的控制作用,2、形容词（或其短语）作后置定语,Acetylene is hydrocarbon especially high in heat value.,乙炔是烃，在热值上特别高,乙炔是热值特别高的烃。,All of the carbon-carbon bonds in benzene are alike and have properties intermediate between those of a single and a double bond,苯中所有的碳-碳键都相似，具有介于单键和双键之间的性质。,3、非限定词（不定时、现在分词、过去分词）作后置定语,It is this metal ion that reacts with the hydrocarbon being nitrated.,就是这个金属离子与正要被硝化的烃起反应。(现在分词作后置定语),The air is a material containing many kinds of gases.,空气是含有许多气体的一种物质。,The functional group of a ketone consists of a carbon atom connected by a double bond to an oxygen atom,酮的官能团是由一个通过双键与氧原子相连的碳原子组成的。(过去分词短语作后置定语),4、定语从句作后置定语,包括：限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句,由：关系代词（that,which,who,whom,whose,but,as)关系副词(where,when,why,as等)引导,限制性定语从句特征,和所修饰的名词或代词(称为先行词)之间的关系十分密切，是先行词在意义上不可缺少的修饰说明语,限制性定语从句的主句的含意是不完整的，要靠定语从句补充说明，全句概念才能表达清楚,从句与主句之间没有逗号,非限制性定语从句特征,和先行词之间的关系不很密切，不起限制作用，只加以补充说明,缺少了非限制性定语从旬，主句的意思仍然完整明确,定语从句与主句之间有逗号分开,定语从句作后置定语译法,1.翻译成定语-限制性2.译成表示同等关系的并列分句3.译成表示转折的并列分句4.译成状语从句并列分句,（合译法）,分译法,限制性定语从句的翻译方法,、翻译成定语-限制性（合译法）,“的”字结构放在被修饰词之前把定语从句和主句合译成汉语的单句,-适合于翻译结构不很长的句子(最简单、常见的译法),Compounds have very different appearances from the element of which they are made.,化合物的形态与构成它们的元素极不相同。,The properties of a chemical compound depend on those of the molecules which the compound is composed of.,化合物的特性取决于组成该化合物的分子的特性。,修饰way,direction,moment,time,distance,sequence等名词的定语从句，往往不用关联词，翻译时同样采用合译法,There are two ways we measure boiling-point elevation.,我们有两种测定沸点升高的方法。,、译成表示同等关系的并列分句（分译法）,分译法主要用于两种情况：,较长的限制性定语从句,定语从句虽然不长，但先行词的前置修饰语较多,（）重复先行词,The molecules of a liquid,in our case the solvent,are in a permanent random motion whose intensity depends on temperature.,液体（这里是指溶剂）的分子经常处在无规则运动中，其强度取决于温度。,Corrosion is an electro-chemical process by which a metal,such as mild steel,returns to its natural state,such as iron oxide or rust.,腐蚀是一种电化学过程，像低碳钢一类的金属，因腐蚀而回复到自然状态，如氧化铁即铁锈。,（2）省译先行词,In most parts of the sea,there are millions of tiny living things that can be hardly seen with our eyes.,在大部分海域里，生存着无数的微小生物，用我们的肉眼是看不见的。,、译成表示转折的并列分句,Matter is composed of molecules that are composed of atoms that are composed of nuclear and electron.,物质是由分子组成的，而分子又是由原子组成，（而）原子又是由原子核和电子组成的。,Mild oxidation of a alcohol gives an aldehyde which may be further oxidized to an organic acid.,醇的轻度氧化生成醛，而醛能进一步氧化生成有机酸。,4、译成状语从句并列分句,For any substance whose formula is known，a mass corresponding to the formula can be computed,分子式已知的任何物质，与分子式相对应的质量就能被计算出。,不管什么物质，只要知道其分子式，就能求出与分子式相应的质量。(表条件),Iron,which is not so strong as steel,finds wide application.,虽然铁的强度不如钢，但它仍有广泛的用途。,Einstein,who worked out the famous theory of Relatively,won the Nobel Prize in 1921.,爱因斯坦由于提出了著名的“相对论”理论，因此他于1921年获得了诺贝尔奖金。,Electrical energy that is supplied to a lamp can be turned into light energy.,把电能供给电灯时，它就转变成光能。,二、非限制性定语从句的翻译方法,、分译法,（）重复先行词,The new polymer was crystalline,as contrasted to free-radical-polymerized styrene,which is amorphous.,这种新型聚合物是结晶的，并与自由基聚合的聚苯乙烯不同，后者是非晶态的。,（）省译先行词,Dry air is a mixture of gases,most of which is nitrogen by volume.,干燥空气是多种气体的混合物，按体积计，大部分是氮气。,Zinc can react with dilute hydrochloric acid，with which copper cannot,锌能跟盐酸反应，但铜却不能。,、合译法,The electricity,which we use for electric bulbs and fans,is produced by generators.,电灯、电扇用的电都是发动机产生的。,