高级英语第一册.ppt

Blackmail,Arthur Hailey,Blackmail(n.):the obtaining of money or advancement by threatening to make known unpleasant facts about a person or group敲诈；勒索;（盗匪征收的）保护费;免抢税(vt.)胁迫;勒索;敲诈;讹诈 随着故事的发展,作者对“讹诈”的对象进行巧妙置换,从而使故事结局发生戏剧性逆转-由“侦探长对公爵夫妇的讹诈”转为“公爵夫妇对侦探长的讹诈”,旅馆警长由掌握罪证主动出击的强势交际角色到被动服从的弱势社会角色的转换，公爵夫人由被讹诈的弱势交际角色到强势社会角色的回归,揭露社会权力拥有者对弱势阶层的统治和控制。,Detailed Study of the Text 第三人称是短篇小说中最常见的叙述手段。叙述者不是小说中的一个人物，而是作家的“代言人”。他处于“无所不知”的地位，可以不受小说情节发展的时间和地点的限制而根据故事发展的需要自由地进行叙述或描写。这样的第三人称叙述者被称做全知叙述者。讹诈中除了人物对话，作者还通过对人物外貌和外表活动以及人物独自的描写，读者可以体会到他们的思维意识和喜怒哀乐等情感。比如在这场讹诈与反讹诈的较量中，对旅馆警长和公爵夫人各自眼神的描写，对刻画鲜明的人物形象起到了画龙点睛的作用。,The chief house officer,Ogilvie,who had declared he would appear at the Croydons suite an hour after his cryptic telephone call actually took twice that time.As a result the nerves of both the Duke and Duchess were excessively frayed when the muted buzzer of the outer door eventually sounded.负责饭店保安工作的奥格尔维探长打了那个神秘的电话，本来说好一个小时后光临克罗伊敦夫妇所住的套房的，可实际上却过了两个小时才到。结果，当外间门上的电铃终于发出沉闷的嗡嗡声时，公爵夫妇的神经都紧张到了极点。,1.The chief house officersuite an hour after his cryptic telephone call actually took twice that time:(line.1-4)suite(n.):a group of connected rooms used as a unit，such as an apartment一套房间;（同类物的）系列eg.a suite of dining-room furniture一套餐厅家具 cryptic(adj.):having a hidden meaning；mysterious隐蔽的，秘密的；神秘的 eg.a cryptic remark含义隐晦的话 Ogilvie:(notice that the name itself sounds awkward,awful):他故弄玄虚，在警察还没有行动逮捕之前，亲自来访敲诈公爵夫妇，玩弄伎俩，一副小人得志的嘴脸。,Twice time奥格尔维自认为掌握了物证(丢在车库的捷豹车沾满血迹和碎车灯)，知道公爵犯事后来对公爵勒索，他一副小人得志的心理，故意拖延时间。可见，在第一个见面回合较量中，他控制着局面，掌握着主动权，处于强势交际角色。公爵夫妇犯下了罪行，内心惶恐，认为等待的时间难熬，此时为弱势地位。,2.the nerves of both the Duke and Duchess were excessively frayed:(line.4-5)公爵夫妇的神经都紧张到了极点。fray(v.)make or become strained(使)紧张；Tempers began to fray in the heat.天热时人容易脾气急躁。(v.)磨损 This cloth frays easily.这块布太不经磨.the nerves were frayed 是本句主干，用了暗喻手法。将nerves 比喻为可以磨损的东西，fray指磨损布边等，在此引申为“（使）紧张”。这是一段隐喻，它很明显的向我们透漏了公爵夫人有自己不可告人的秘密，同时为下文做了铺垫。.,.Metaphor：以此物隐喻彼物，将某一事物以另一个与其相似的事物来表达，是一种含蓄的比喻，暗示有比较，但又不充分说出这种比较。the key to the mystery(即解开奥秘的方法就像开门的钥匙一样)；the light of knowledge(知识之光)；to have a stone face(表情呆板)隐喻不用比喻词，但可以用be动词或者只用逗号、破折号将本体和喻体连起来。The green plant is a kind of food factory.(把绿色植物说成一种食物工厂。),3.the muted:(line5)mute adj.无声的，哑的 muted P.P作adj.声音减轻的 a muted voice 轻的声音 Muted to render the noise of the bell less harsh and strident沉闷的嗡嗡声,The Duchess went to the door herself.Earlier she had dispatched her maid on an invented errand and,cruelly,instructed the moon-faced male secretary who was terrified of dogs to exercise the Bedlington terriers.Her own tension was not lessened by the knowledge that both might return at any moment.公爵夫人亲自去开门。此前她早已借故把女仆支开，并且狠心地给那位脸儿圆圆的、见到狗就怕得要死的男秘书派了一个要命的差事，让他牵着贝德林顿狼犬出去散步。想到这两个人随时都会回来，她自己的紧张情绪怎么也松弛不下来。,4.she had dispatched her maid on an invented errand:(line.7-8)她已借故把女仆支开dispatch(v):send off or out promptly，usually on a specific errand or official business(迅速地)派遣，派出(常指特别差事或公事)errand(n.):a trip to carry a message or do a definite thing，esp.for someone else差事(尤指为别人送信或办事);.5.cruelly instructed:(line.8)“cruel”（狠心的）because they knew the secretary was terrified of dogs.They could easily have found some other errand for him.,6.the moon-faced male secretary:(line.9)themoon faced male用了暗喻的修辞。在此暗指男秘书比较怯懦阴柔，公爵夫妇可以随时把他解雇。The use of male before secretary is to avoid possibility of the readers assuming otherwise,for commonly in the U.S.secretaryship is the female profession.,7.to exercise the Bedlington terriers:(line.10)to walk the dogs to take the dogs out and give them some exercise.The Bedlington terrier（德林顿狼犬）is a breed of blue or liver-coloured,wooly-coated,active,typically small dogs.The terriers are a status symbol showing that the Duchess id no ordinary dog owner.And the fact that they can keep dogs in a hotel suite proves they are VIP.,8.Her own tension was not lessened by the knowledge:(line.10-11)想到这两个人随时都会回来，她自己的紧张情绪怎么也松弛不下来.Knowledge 名词，知识；在此为“知道”读者可以窥探到公爵夫人的内心活动，感受到公爵夫人面对警长时的各种忐忑不安，小说中采用第三人称全知视角叙述公爵夫人内心独白。此句第三人称全知视角的叙事形式来刻画人物的神态和性格特点，让读者既看到故事中所有人物的外表活动，又进入他们的内心世界，观察到他们的内心活动，感受到他们的感受。,A wave of cigar smoke accompanied Ogilvie in.When he had followed her to the living room,the Duchess looked pointedly at the half-burned cigar in the fat mans mouth.“My husband and I find strong smoke offensive.Would you kindly put that out.随着奥格尔维进屋的是一团雪茄烟雾。当他随着她走进起居室时，公爵夫人目光直射着这个大肥佬嘴里叼着的那烧了半截的雪茄。“我丈夫和我都讨厌浓烈的烟味，您行行好把它灭了吧!”,9.A wave of cigar smoke accompanied Ogilvie in:(line.12)随着奥格尔维进屋的是一团雪茄烟雾Accompany(vt.)+n.陪伴；伴随(vi.)+by/with+n.在.陪伴下Company(v.)陪伴；交往(n.)公司；同伴“随着奥格尔维进屋的是一团雪茄烟雾。”这是一个典型的拟人句子，不仅表现出奥格尔维是一个不懂规矩的人，也使这一系列与烟有关的动作前后呼应，形成本文一个鲜明的线索。同时间接地表达了他与公爵夫人的强弱势关系，奥格尔维对烟的控制对文章的节奏起着至关重要的作用。,公爵夫人对香烟的反应根据社会道德规范，在未经女士的同意下就抽烟是及为不礼貌的行为。而奥格尔维抽烟进来，说明他把公爵及公爵夫人不放在眼里，公爵夫人的回答很礼貌，显示出其尊贵的地位，与奥格尔维拉开距离Would you kindly put that out.此为祈使句，且句号接在疑问句后面，表达的是不折不扣的命令，表明了公爵夫人对欧吉维的强烈不满。公爵夫人是受过教育的高阶层人物，她出生高贵，想要在气势在压倒他，以此达到她不受奥格尔维威胁的目的。探长奥格尔维是伴随着雪茄(cigar)出场的，而在整篇文章中，雪茄始终贯穿文章，不断重复出现。从奥格尔维挑衅的抽烟到最后自觉的灭到香烟这一过程，奥格尔维达到了其勒索的目的。,Cigar,世界10大雪茄品牌 Albero（阿波罗）Cohiba（高斯巴）Davidoff（大卫杜夫）Dannemann（丹纳曼）Hupmann（渥文）HoYodeMonterrey（高雅）Montecristo（蒙坦尼而）Punch（宾治）Partagsyc（百得佳士）Romeo（罗密欧),10.The Duchess looked pointedly,目光直射着That is,directly and sharply at the cigar,trying to intimidate them with her superior social position.,The house detectives piggy eyes surveyed her sardonically from his gross jowled face.His gaze moved on to sweep the spacious,well-appointed room,encompassing the Duke who faced them uncertainly,his back to a window.探长那双夹在面部隆起的肉堆中的猪眼睛轻蔑地将她上下打量了一番。接着，他便移动目光，对这个宽敞豪华、设备齐全的房间扫视了一周，看到了那位正背朝窗户、神色茫然地望着他们的公爵。,对探长表情的细致描写作用何在？描写旅馆警长刚到达旅馆时对公爵夫妇及其房间的扫视，刻画出警长自认为掌握公爵夫妇的罪证，得意洋洋、蔑视一切的神态。奥格尔维是个身份低微，为了不义之财可以冒生命危险的人，然而随着故事的发展，公爵夫人正是抓住了警长对金钱的贪婪，迫使其乖乖就范，其敲诈者的强势地位丧失殆尽，重新回到其弱势的社会角色。,St.Gregory Hotel,Presidential Suite,11.piggy eyes(line.16)piggy(adj.):like a pig；gluttonous猪一般的；贪婪的(=piggish)Ogilvie is one of the bad guys in this novel.Some examples with the word pig:Dont be a pig.(Dont be greedy.)He is a pig.(He is a dirty,greedy or ill-mannered person)Ive made a pig of myself.(Ive eaten too much.)眼睛是心灵的窗口，这里对他眼睛的描写，不难看出他是个心怀鬼胎、贪婪的人。,12.surveyed her sardonically:(line.16)轻蔑地将她上下打量了一番。sardonic(adj.):bitter，scornful(used of smile or laughter)bitterly sneering，ironic or sarcastic讥讽的；嘲笑的A sardonic comment嘲讽的评语sardonically adv 嘲笑地他之所以敢轻蔑地打量公爵夫人，因为他手里有他们的罪证，怀有沾沾自喜与悠然自得的心理,13.to sweep the spacious,well-appointed room:（line.17）扫视了宽敞豪华、设备齐全的房间一周。sweep(扫)这个词用的非常生动形象，其目光极其迅速。well-appointed=well-equipped在刻画人物时，行动也是非常关键的部分，奥格尔维小动作数不胜数，似乎一丝一毫的心情都会表现在他的表情和动作上。,14.who faced them uncertainly:(line.18)公爵神色茫然地望着他们。His character:uncertain,ready to compromise（妥协）,passive,despairing（绝望的）,The Duchess,herself a woman of strong character,a known public figure and cousin of the queen.The Duke wasnt quite sure of what to say to Ogilvie or what to do,he was afraid of messing things up.,The end,