攻克雅思阅读必须搞定这三类单词.doc

攻克雅思阅读必须搞定这三类单词 因为单词不认识而扣分，这对于雅思考生们来说绝对是一个低段位的错误，也是大家怒刷单词书想要避免的情况。攻克雅思阅读，必须搞定这三类单词第一个类型，就是大家最不陌生的专业名词。因为雅思阅读的范围层出不穷，所以它们的栗子也举不胜数。比如化学领域有离子hydronium，正离子cation，负离子anion，还有它们的统称positive and negative ion，中文意思接近但英文表达差别众多。虽然放在中文里我们能秒个大概，但是不掌握它们在雅思*里碰到可就头大了。大家可以结合小站雅思上的分类整理，对它们有所了解，至少不能裸考。第二个类型，肯定是除了上述专业名词以外的词语，但是它们可以是动词、形容词、名词、副词等等众多形式，用非专业名词来指代它们显然太过宽泛。所以选择的第二个分类是高频词汇，它们的难度和长度肯定不如专业名词那么猛，但是个数更多，出现的可能性也更高。大家可以参考雅思高频单词书来背诵，或者及时整理自己做过的*，把一部分生词挑出来加以背诵。高频词汇对提分最为有效，但规律却不如专业词汇那样固定而好找;所以大家在准备它们时应该抱有“宁可错背十个，不能漏掉一个”的觉悟。最后一个类型的单词，是你在词汇书里或字典里常常忽略的“熟词僻义”，它们在某篇阅读中的解释往往要结合地道的语法，或者原文中的上下文，所以变化之大让你难以预料。比如这句He drives an express to deliver passengers.如果express按照常用意“表达”来翻译，那么这句话的语法是不通的。其实大家也能猜出或记得，express还有快车的意思，而且它出现的位置正好是宾语部分，这种情况下意思只能是后者了。大家在背单词的时候应该尽量多几个理解，不要只看一两个中文解释;如果发现考场上一个单词的意思说不通，那么就考虑它在语境中有其他解释的可能吧。理清了这三类单词的关系，你就能搞懂雅思阅读的难度了：要读懂一段话可不能光靠逐字逐句的翻译，还得看得懂复杂的专有名词和巧妙的词义变化。但是当你掌握了这些识别方法后，一定能慢慢融会贯通，化繁为简地读懂雅思阅读中的那些复杂文字。雅思考试阅读模拟试题精选Suns fickle heart may leave us cold 25 January 20XX From New Scientist Print Edition. Stuart Clark1 Theres a dimmer switch inside the sun that causes its brightness to rise and fall on timescales of around 100，000 years - exactly the same period as between ice ages on Earth. So says a physicist who has created a computer model of our stars core.2 Robert Ehrlich of George Mason University in Fairfax， Virginia， modelled the effect of temperature fluctuations in the suns interior. According to the standard view， the temperature of the suns core is held constant by the opposing pressures of gravity and nuclear fusion. However， Ehrlich believed that slight variations should be possible.3 He took as his starting point the work of Attila Grandpierre of the Konkoly Observatory of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. In 2005， Grandpierre and a collaborator， Gbor goston， calculated that magnetic fields in the suns core could produce small instabilities in the solar plasma. These instabilities would induce localised oscillations in temperature.4 Ehrlichs model shows that whilst most of these oscillations cancel each other out， some reinforce one another and become long-lived temperature variations. The favoured frequencies allow the suns core temperature to oscillate around its average temperature of 13.6 million kelvin in cycles lasting either 100，000 or 41，000 years. Ehrlich says that random interactions within the suns magnetic field could flip the fluctuations from one cycle length to the other.5 These two timescales are instantly recognisable to anyone familiar with Earths ice ages： for the past million years， ice ages have occurred roughly every 100，000 years. Before that， they occurred roughly every 41，000 years.6 Most scientists believe that the ice ages are the result of subtle changes in Earths orbit， known as the Milankovitch cycles. One such cycle describes the way Earths orbit gradually changes shape from a circle to a slight ellipse and back again roughly every 100，000 years. The theory says this alters the amount of solar radiation that Earth receives， triggering the ice ages. However， a persistent problem with this theory has been its inability to explain why the ice ages changed frequency a million years ago.7 "In Milankovitch， there is certainly no good idea why the frequency should change from one to another，" says Neil Edwards， a climatologist at the Open University in Milton Keynes， UK. Nor is the transition problem the only one the Milankovitch theory faces. Ehrlich and other critics claim that the temperature variations caused by Milankovitch cycles are simply not big enough to drive ice ages.8 However， Edwards believes the small changes in solar heating produced by Milankovitch cycles are then amplified by feedback mechanisms on Earth. For example， if sea ice begins to form because of a slight cooling， carbon dioxide that would otherwise have found its way into the atmosphere as part of the carbon cycle is locked into the ice. That weakens the greenhouse effect and Earth grows even colder.9 According to Edwards， there is no lack of such mechanisms. "If you add their effects together， there is more than enough feedback to make Milankovitch work，" he says. "The problem now is identifying which mechanisms are at work." This is why scientists like Edwards are not yet ready to give up on the current theory. "Milankovitch cycles give us ice ages roughly when we observe them to happen. We can calculate where we are in the cycle and compare it with observation，" he says. "I cant see any way of testing Ehrlichs idea to see where we are in the temperature oscillation."10 Ehrlich concedes this. "If there is a way to test this theory on the sun， I cant think of one that is practical，" he says. Thats because variation over 41，000 to 100，000 years is too gradual to be observed. However， there may be a way to test it in other stars： red dwarfs. Their cores are much smaller than that of the sun， and so Ehrlich believes that the oscillation periods could be short enough to be observed. He has yet to calculate the precise period or the extent of variation in brightness to be expected.11 Nigel Weiss， a solar physicist at the University of Cambridge， is far from convinced. He describes Ehrlichs claims as "utterly implausible". Ehrlich counters that Weisss opinion is based on the standard solar model， which fails to take into account the magnetic instabilities that cause the temperature fluctuations.(716 words)雅思考试阅读模拟试题精选Complete each of the following statements with One or Two names of the scientists from the box below.Write the appropriate letters A-E in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet.A. Attila Grandpierre B. Gbor goston C. Neil Edwards D. Nigel Weiss E. Robert Ehrlich1. claims there抯 a dimmer switch inside the sun that causes its brightness to rise and fall in periods as long as those between ice ages on Earth.2. calculated that the internal solar magnetic fields could produce instabilities in the solar plasma.3. holds that Milankovitch cycles can induce changes in solar heating on Earth and the changes are amplified on Earth.4. doesnt believe in Ehrlichs viewpoints at all.Questions 5-9Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage?In boxes 5-9 on your answer sheet write TRUE if the statement is true according to the passage FALSE if the statement is false according to the passage NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage5. The ice ages changed frequency from 100，000 to 41，000 years a million years ago.6. The sole problem that the Milankovitch theory can not solve is to explain why the ice age frequency should shift from one to another.7. Carbon dioxide can be locked artificially into sea ice to eliminate the greenhouse effect.8. Some scientists are not ready to give up the Milankovitch theory though they havent figured out which mechanisms amplify the changes in solar heating.9. Both Edwards and Ehrlich believe that there is no practical way to test when the solar temperature oscillation begins and when ends.- Questions 10-14Complete the notes below.Choose one suitable word from the Reading Passage above for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 10-14 on your answer sheet.The standard view assumes that the opposing pressures of gravity and nuclear fusions hold the temperature 10in the suns interior， but the slight changes in the earths 11 alter the temperature on the earth and cause ice ages every 100，000 years. A British scientist， however， challenges this view by claiming that the internal solar magnetic 12 can induce the temperature oscillations in the suns interior. The suns core temperature oscillates around its average temperature in 13 lasting either 100，000 or 41，000 years. And the 14 interactions within the suns magnetic field could flip the fluctuations from one cycle length to the other， which explains why the ice ages changed frequency a million years ago.Answer keys and explanations：1. E See the sentences in paragraph 1(Theres a dimmer switch inside the sun that causes its brightness to rise and fall on timescales of around 100，000 years - exactly the same period as between ice ages on Earth. So says a physicist who has created a computer model of our stars core.) and para.2 (Robert Ehrlich of George Mason University in Fairfax， Virginia， modelled the effect of temperature fluctuations in the suns interior.)2. A B See para.3： ?i style=mso-bidi-font-style： normalGrandpierre and a collaborator， Gbor goston， calculated that magnetic fields in the suns core could produce small instabilities in the solar plasma.4. D See para.11： Nigel Weiss， a solar physicist at the University of Cambridge， is far from convinced. He describes Ehrlichs claims as "utterly implausible".5. False See para.5： for the past million years， ice ages have occurred roughly every 100，000 years. Before that， they occurred roughly every 41，000 years.6. False See para.7： "In Milankovitch， there is certainly no good idea why the frequency should change from one to another，" Nor is the transition problem the only one the Milankovitch theory faces.7. Not Given See para.8： if sea ice begins to form because of a slight cooling， carbon dioxide?is locked into the ice. That weakens the greenhouse effect. (The passage doesn抰 mention anything about locking Co2 into ice artificially.)8. True See para.9： there is no lack of such mechanisms. "If you add their effects together， there is more than enough feedback to make Milankovitch work，"?"The problem now is identifying which mechanisms are at work." This is why scientists like Edwards are not yet ready to give up on the current theory.9. True See the sentences in para.9 (According to Edwards， 卙e says. "I cant see any way of testing Ehrlichs idea to see where we are in the temperature oscillation.") and para.10 (Ehrlich concedes this. "If there is a way to test this theory on the sun， I cant think of one that is practical)。10. constant See para.2： According to the standard view， the temperature of the suns core is held constant by the opposing pressures of gravity and nuclear fusion.11. orbit See para.6： Most scientists believe that the ice ages are the result of subtle changes in Earths orbit， 匛arths orbit gradually changes shape from a circle to a slight ellipse and back again roughly every 100，000 years.12. instabilities See para.3： ?i style=mso-bidi-font-style：normalmagnetic fields in the suns core could produce small instabilities in the solar plasma. These instabilities would induce localised oscillations in temperature.13. cycles See para.4： allow the suns core temperature to oscillate around its average temperature of 13.6 million kelvin in cycles lasting either 100，000 or 41，000 years.14. random See para.4： Ehrlich says that random interactions within the suns magnetic field could flip the fluctuations from one cycle length to the other