课堂用chapter16旅游宣传材料的汉英翻译.ppt
Chinese-English Translation,Lecturer：Linda,段落翻译,中华民族的传统文化博大精深，源远流长。早在两千多年前，涌现出以孔孟为代表的儒家学说和以老庄为代表的道教学说，以及其它许多学说流派，在中国的思想史上均占有一席之地。这就是著名的诸子百家。The traditional culture of the Chinese nation is profound and has a long history.As early as more than 2000 years ago,there emerged/existed the confucianism represented by Confucius and Mencius,and the Taoism represented by Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi,as well as many other doctrines and schools,which occupied a position in Chinas history of thoughts.These constituted the well-known Hundreds Schools of Thought.,旅游宣传材料的汉英翻译 Translation of Tourism Promotional Materials,1 Linguistic Characteristics 语言特色2 C-E Translation Principle 汉译原则3 C-E Translation Strategies 汉译技巧4 Exercises 练习,Content,Be backpackers背包客,一 语言特色,旅游宣传材料(TPM)的功能信息（informative）功能功能呼唤（vocative）功能文体特征Stylistic Characteristics:Chinese:Neat and Beautiful English:Clear and Concise,To Convey the Original Meaning(达意)To Convey the Original Intention of the Authors Writing(达旨)To Meet the English Language Forms and Cultural Standards(达效),二 C-E Translation Principle 旅游宣传资料的汉译原则,1.旅游景点名称的翻译,音译法（Transliteration）适用于行政区划名称如城市、乡镇、县城、村庄等的翻译,如北京（Beijing）八达岭(Badaling)北戴河(Beidaihe)西安(Xian)长安(Changan),Everlasting Peace“银川”Yinchuan,Silver Stream;,意译(Free Translation)对保留原文形象及文化、历史内涵至关重要。“三潭印月”（Three Pools Mirroring the Moon）“紫来洞”（Purple Source Cave）“寒山寺”（Cold Mountain Temple）“拙政园”（Garden of Humble Administrator）“狮子林”（Lions Grove）,国子监,The Imperial College,白云观庙会,The Baiyun Taoist Temple Fair,音意双译茅盾故居(Mao Duns Former Residence)鲁迅故里？鲁迅故居？杜甫草堂（Dufus Thatched Cottage）太湖(Taihu Lake)黄山(Huangshan Mountain)华山（Huashan Mountain）豫园(Yuyuan Garden)沈园？如果是“双名”，则不必将湖、山、海、园、路等词音译出来，如普陀山（Putuo Mountain）、峨嵋山（Emei Mountain）、解放路（Jiefang Road）等。,Laojun Mountain,is also called the Kingdom of Azalea,老君山也被称作“杜鹃王国”,2.增添（amplification）增添理解原文内容所必需的背景知识，如：历史事件发生的年代，名人的生卒年代，他们的身份及其在历史上的贡献，名胜的具体位置等等。如:路左有一巨石，石上原有苏东坡手书“云外流春”四个大字。To its left is another rock formerly engraved with four big Chinese characters Yun Wai liu Chun(Beyond clouds and flows spring)written by Su Dongpo(10371101),the most versatile poet of the Northern Song Dynasty(960-1127).,绍兴是越瓷的产地。Shaoxing is the home of Yue Porcelain.Yue is a state name used to refer to the Shaoxing region in Ancient China.如果不增加说明，外国游客不知这种瓷器为什么叫越瓷，以不知绍兴和“越”有何关系。,3.解释解释是指增加的部分是对字、词、句的字面意思的解释。这样，一方面能让外国游人及读者建立起读音何意义的联系，了解汉语名称的字面意思，另一方面也使他们了解了这些名称的由来，增加了旅游的趣味性。如：花港观鱼：Hua Gang Guan Yu(Viewing Fish at Flower Harbor)孤山:Gushan(Solitary Hill)湖南省位于长江中下游南部，东经108度至114度，北纬24至30度。因地处洞庭湖之南，所以叫做湖南。Huan Province lies just south of the middle reaches of the Changjiang(Yangtze)River between 108 and 114 E longitude and 24 and 30 N latitude.As it is also situated south of Lake Dongting,the Province has the name Huan,which means“south of the lake”.,4.借用“借用手法指借典译典，借译语表达式和形象来翻译源语有特定文化含义的表达式和形象，以求等效”（何自然等，2004）。如将济公比作罗宾汉(Robin Hood)，将西施比作埃及艳后(Cleopatra)，将梁山伯与祝英台比作罗密欧与朱丽叶(Romeo&Juliet)，将苏州比作意大利的威尼斯(Venice)，将银川市比作小麦加(Mecca)，将孔子比作希腊的亚里斯多得，等等。,Islamic holy city,5删减omission 删减的是多余的对译文理解没有多大帮助的内容。需要对原文进行删减的有几种情况。首先，各种历史考证对中国读者来说是必要的，而对外国人来说，则是不必要的，有时还可能使他们越看越糊涂。其次，中国人喜引用名人、名言、名诗来验证自己的感受。翻译的好尚可，不好翻则可删去不译。,6改写adaptation 改写主要适用于以下几种情况：1）对原文句子结构的改写西方人是直线思维，多采用演绎推理，开门见山，先总括,再分说；而中国人是螺旋式思维，多采用归纳推理，迂回曲折，先分说，再总括。翻译时有必要对原文的结构加以调整，使其与西方读者或游客的习惯相吻合。如：,在四川西部，有一处美妙的去处。它背倚岷山主峰雪宝顶，树木苍翠，花香袭人，鸟语婉转，流水潺潺。这就是松潘县的黄龙。One of Sichuans finest scenic spots is Huanglong(Yellow Dragon),which lies in Songpan County just beneath Xuebao,the main peak of the Minshan Mountain.Its lush green forests,filled with fragrant flowers,bubbling streams,and songbirds,are rich in historical interest as well as natural beauty.译文用两个句子改写了原文，并且将“松潘县的黄龙”放在了句首，这样更符合英语的写作方式，也更符合西方游客的思维习惯。,2）对原文诗词的改写诗词的翻译比较困难，改写可以算作一种补救措施。如：水映山容，使山容益添秀媚，山清水秀，使水能更显柔情，有诗云：岸上湖中各自奇，山觞水酌两相宜。只言游舫浑如画，身在画中原不知。The hills overshadow the lake,and the lake reflects the hills.They are in perfect harmony,and more beautiful than a picture.译文省略了原文那首诗，用明白晓畅，浅显易懂的两句话概括了原诗的中心思想。,3）对原文行文风格的改写汉语和英语在行文风格和修辞上存在较大的差异。汉语旅游资料中有许多华丽辞藻悬、四字词组只是为了音韵的和谐和渲染气氛，并无多大实际意义，翻译时应该调整措辞，将这些虚华之词用明白晓畅的语言重新表述，使译文通达流畅，符合英文的表达习惯，增强译文的可读性，也更利于外国游客和读者的理解和接受。如遇到非常主观性的描述语言，如“重峦叠嶂”、“广袤无垠”、“分外妖娆”、“美不胜收”、“争奇斗艳”、“千姿百态”等等，可以简单概括一下。这就是改写。Mountainous,boundless,especially charming,magnificent.,再如：她（黄河）奔腾不息，勇往直前，忽而惊涛裂岸，势不可挡，使群山动容；忽而安如处子，风平浪静，波光潋滟，气象万千。It tears and boils along turbulently through the mountains and at some places,flows on quietly with a sedate appearance and glistening ripples.汉语用对仗的修辞手法和四字词组的排列，表现出黄河的磅礴气势；英语译文对原文进行了改写，去掉了那些带有主观色彩的词语，变得直观简洁，形象生动，和原文有异曲同工之妙。,这儿的峡谷又是另一番景象：谷中急水奔流，穿峡而过，两岸树木葱茏，鲜花繁茂，碧草萋萋，活脱脱一幅生机盎然的天然风景画。各种奇峰异岭，令人感受各异，遐想万千。It is another gorge through which a rapid stream flows.Trees,flowers and grass,a picture of natural vitality,thrive on both banks.The weird peaks arouse disparate thoughts.译文去掉了原文中的虚华成分，将“Trees,flowers and grass”三词并列，措辞精练；用vitality 和thrive 二词表达“葱茏”、“繁茂”、“萋萋”之意，简洁自然，又不失生动形象，使译文读者和原文读者一样感受到字里行间的诗情画意。,To sum up旅游翻译也是跨文化的翻译，不可避免地牵涉到文化因素的处理问题。克服中西文化差异所引起的翻译障碍，实现源语文本的交际功能，达到旅游翻译的最终目的，是每个译者的任务和职责。在目的论的指导下，本着以中国文化为取向，以译文为重点的翻译原则，译者可以发挥译语优势，灵活变通，采用一系列的方法和策略，增加译文的可读性和可接受性，在传播中国文化的同时，使外国读者和游客得到身心的愉悦和美的享受，从而促进中国旅游业的发展和中西文化的交流。,Practice,杭州“人间天堂”意大利著名旅行家马可波罗曾这样叙述他印象中的杭州：“这是世界上最美妙迷人的城市，它使人觉得自己是在天堂。”Hangzhou-Paradise on EarthThe famous Italian traveler Marco Polo was so impressed by the beauty of Hangzhou that he described it as“the most fascinating city in the world where one feels that one is in paradise.”,Practice,在中国，也流传着这样的话：“上有天堂，下有苏杭。”In China,there has been a century-old popular saying praising the city:“In Heaven there is paradise;on Earth there are Suzhou and Hangzhou.”,Practice,杭州的名气主要在于风景如画的西湖。西湖一年四季都美不胜收，宋代著名诗人苏东坡用“淡妆浓抹总相宜”的诗句来赞誉西湖。Hangzhous fame lies mainly in its picturesque West Lake.As it is beautiful all the year round,the West Lake was compared by Su Dongpo,a celebrated poet of the Song Dynasty,to a beauty“who is always charming in either light or heavy makeup.”,Assignments,a.dictation重峦叠嶂Mountainous广袤无垠boundless分外妖娆especially charming/enchanting美不胜收magnificent风景如画picturesque环绕surround风情画卷a picture scroll of customs花香四溢filled with fragrant flowers历史名胜historical interest旅游景点tourist attractions风景区scenic spots/areas/sites世界文化和自然遗产the worlds cultural and natural heritage遗迹relics故居former residence故里native place魅力charm古典园林classical garden避暑山庄summer resort自然保护区Nature reserve国家级景区state-level scenic spot,b.Complete the exercises on P220 by ppt,（乌镇）（丽江）,
