语法4虚拟语气和倒装.ppt

虚拟语气和倒装句,定义,虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式，同过动词的时态变化表示所说的内容只是一种假设、愿望、请求或者建议，不可能成为事实或可能性极小。Eg:如果他在这里，问题就会解决。（事实上他现在不在这里）If he were here,the problem will be solved.,虚拟语气的使用,用于非真实条件句（虚拟条件句）用于倒装句用于wishi/suggest等后面的宾语从句中用于as if（though）引导的方式状语从句用于it is time 的定语从句,用于错综时间条件句用于含蓄条件句In case，lest引导状语从句Would rather,would sooner,would prefer的宾语从句用于主语从句If only 引导的句子中,用于非真实条件句（虚拟条件句）,与现在事实相反If 主语+were/过去时，主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形Eg：if I were you，I could leave here.Eg:if the rain stopped now,we would go shopping.,用于非真实条件句（虚拟条件句）,与过去事实相反if 主语+had+done，主语+should(would/could/might)+have+done.Eg:if you had finished the work,we should have got the payment.Eg:if he hadnt been late,the meeting would have begun.,用于非真实条件句（虚拟条件句）,与将来事实相反或极不可能实现的情况if 主语+should/were to+do，主语+should(would/could/might)+do.Eg:if I were to choose another time，I would not come here.Eg:if he should got the money,his mother would not be so hard.,虚拟语气的使用,用于非真实条件句（虚拟条件句）用于倒装句用于wish/suggest等后面的宾语从句中用于as if（though）引导的方式状语从句用于it is time 的定语从句,用于错综时间条件句用于含蓄条件句In case，lest引导状语从句Would rather,would sooner,would prefer的宾语从句用于主语从句If only 引导的句子中,倒装句,定义：如果句子结构是“谓语+主语”的形式，这种句子就叫倒装句整个谓语放在主语前面叫作全部倒装谓语的一部分放在主语前面叫部分倒装Eg：Here comes the car.车来了（全部倒装）will you come tomorrow?(部分倒装),倒装句,There/here等副词放在句首需要完全倒装：这些副词包括：here,there,now,next,soon,then,thus还有一类是动词词组中的副词：in,out,up,down.Eg:soon came two policemen.Up run the temperature.温度在上升注意：当主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语语序不变。如：here you are.,倒装句,地点放在句首，为使句子结构平衡，需要完全倒装：In the stillness of the evening could be heard the ringing of a distant bell.在静夜里可以听见远处的钟声。On one side of the square stands the Great Hall of the People.在广场的一边矗立着人民大会堂。,部分倒装句,一般疑问句要倒装Have you finished the work?Could you help me?So,nor,neither等置于句首,表示与前面所说的情况相似：I like hard chairs.So do I.Id made up my mind.So had I.I am not hungry yet.Nor am I.,部分倒装句,用hardly,scarcely,no sooner than,never,seldom,at no time 等词开头的句子。Scarcely(hardly)had he gone when the ceiling fell.他一走，天花板就掉下来了。Seldom does he come to see his grandma.,部分倒装句,用hardly(scarcely)when,no sooner than,never,seldom,only,at no time 等词开头的句子。Scarcely(hardly)had he gone when the ceiling fell.他一走，天花板就掉下来了。Seldom does he come to see his grandma.Never did he make a single grammar mistake.Only in this way can you hope to improve your financial situation.,部分倒装句,让步从句：1、形容词+as+主语+谓语，主语+谓语Successful as he is,he is not conceited.2、谓语+whatever+主语，主语+谓语Do whatever you,I wont prevent you.3、be+主语+补语，主语+谓语Be you right or wrong,he wont apologize for you.表示祝愿句子倒装May you and your family be happy in new year.祝愿你和家人在新的一年里快乐！,倒装句中的虚拟语气,虚拟条件从句：Eg：if I had the time,I would go to the party.Had I the time,I would go to the party.(虚拟语气)Well join them for dinner if they should ask.Well join them for dinner,should they ask.,虚拟语气的使用,用于非真实条件句（虚拟条件句）用于倒装句用于wish/suggest等后面的宾语从句中用于as if（though）引导的方式状语从句用于it is time 的定语从句,用于错综时间条件句用于含蓄条件句In case，lest引导状语从句Would rather,would sooner,would prefer的宾语从句用于主语从句If only 引导的句子中,用于wish/suggest等后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气,Suggest/insist(on)doing sthSuggest/insist+that从句（主语+动词原形)He suggested that we(should)not go to Shanghai recently.I insisted that he apologize for me.和suggest类似的词还有request,desire,consider 等。,用于wish/suggest等后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气,wish+that从句（主语+were/过去时）对现在虚拟Wish+that从句（主语+had done）对过去虚拟I didnt go to America last year.I wish I had been there.I wish(that)he were there.,虚拟语气的使用,用于非真实条件句（虚拟条件句）用于倒装句用于wish/suggest等后面的宾语从句中用于as if（though）引导的方式状语从句用于it is time 的定语从句,用于错综时间条件句用于含蓄条件句In case，lest引导状语从句Would rather,would sooner,would prefer的宾语从句用于主语从句If only 引导的句子中,用于as if（though）引导的方式状语从句用虚拟,构成：as if 主语+were/过去时(对现在虚拟)As if 主语+had done(对过去虚拟)Eg：He talked like that as if he had been to London.She loves music as if she were living for music.,虚拟语气的使用,用于非真实条件句（虚拟条件句）用于倒装句用于wish/suggest等后面的宾语从句中用于as if（though）引导的方式状语从句用于it is time 的定语从句,用于错综时间条件句用于含蓄条件句In case，lest引导状语从句Would rather,would sooner,would prefer的宾语从句用于主语从句If only 引导的句子中,用于it is time 的定语从句中的虚拟语气,结构：it is/was high/about time that 主语+were/过去式翻译：是该做的时间了It is high time that we went home.It was about time that they began to work.,用于错综时间条件句,当条件句的动作和主句动作的时间不一致；相应调整时态表示对不同时间的虚拟Eg：If I were you,I wouldnt have made such mistake yesterday.If he hadnt made such mistake yesterday,he will won the race today.,虚拟语气的使用,用于非真实条件句（虚拟条件句）用于倒装句用于wish/suggest等后面的宾语从句中用于as if（though）引导的方式状语从句用于it is time 的定语从句,用于错综时间条件句用于含蓄条件句In case，lest引导状语从句Would rather,would sooner,would prefer的宾语从句用于主语从句If only 引导的句子中,用于含蓄条件句,Without/but for/but that 从句，主语+should/would/might/could/+doWithout/but for/but that 从句，主语+should/would/might/could/+have done要不是，就.Eg：But for your help,I wouldnt have finished the work.Without water,men couldnt live on the earth.,In case，lest引导状语从句表示虚拟,In case/lest/for fear that，主语+（should）+动词原形，表示“以防”Eg：Take your raincoat in case it(should)rain.带上雨衣，以防下雨。They have been studying hard for fear that they fail in the exam.担心考试不过，他们一直在努力学习。,虚拟语气的使用,用于非真实条件句（虚拟条件句）用于倒装句用于wish/suggest等后面的宾语从句中用于as if（though）引导的方式状语从句用于it is time 的定语从句,用于错综时间条件句用于含蓄条件句In case，lest引导状语从句Would rather,would sooner,would prefer的宾语从句用于主语从句If only 引导的句子中,Would rather,would sooner,would prefer的宾语从句,Would rather,would sooner,would prefer接主语+I would prefer you didnt stay there too long我希望你在那儿别呆太久。,Were/过去时had doneShould/would/could/might+do,虚拟语气的使用,用于非真实条件句（虚拟条件句）用于倒装句用于wish/suggest等后面的宾语从句中用于as if（though）引导的方式状语从句用于it is time 的定语从句,用于错综时间条件句用于含蓄条件句In case，lest引导状语从句Would rather,would sooner,would prefer的宾语从句用于主语从句If only 引导的句子中,用于it形式主语从句,构成：it is necessary/suggested that 主语+(should)+动词原形Eg:it is important for us that the matter be solved before the meeting.It is suggested that we(should)postpone the meeting.类似的词还有proposed，ordered，insisted,advised，essential 等,虚拟语气的使用,用于非真实条件句（虚拟条件句）用于倒装句用于wish/suggest等后面的宾语从句中用于as if（though）引导的方式状语从句用于it is time 的定语从句,用于错综时间条件句用于含蓄条件句In case，lest引导状语从句Would rather,would sooner,would prefer的宾语从句用于主语从句If only 引导的句子中,If only 引导的句子中,构成：If only+主语+Eg:If only I finished the work.If only my father had come here,I would have been happier.,Were/过去时had doneShould/would/could/might+do,