词义选择和引申(同WORD).ppt
Selection and Extension of Word meaning,卞玉萍 供用电教研室,英语中一词多义、一词多用现象非常普遍。1、根据词类选择词义Eg.like(1)Like charges repelripel,while unlike charges attract.形容词:相像的,同类的同性电荷相斥,异性电荷相吸。(2)Things like air,water or metals are matter.介词:像,如如空气、水或金属等东西都是物质。(3)It is the atoms that makes up iron,water,oxygen and the like.名词:等等,类似的东西原子组成了诸如铁、水、氧气等等类似 的物质。(4)We all like you 动词:喜欢我们都喜欢你,词义的选择,词义的选择,2、根据词的使用场合(场合、学科或专业)选择词义Eg.power(1)Knowledge is power 力量知识就是力量(2)Power can be transmitted over a long distance.电力 电力可以远距离输送。(3)Energy is the power to do work.能力能量指做功的能力。(4)A complete circuit must observe the law of power balance.功率个完整的电路一定遵守功率守恒定律,(5)The fourth power of three is eighty-one.乘方、幂3的4次方等于81.(6)The combining power of one element in the compound(复、化合物)must equal to the combining power of the other element.化合价化合物中一种元素的化合价必须等于另一种元素的化合价。(7)All power is given by the people.权力所有权力都是人民赋予的。3、根据词的搭配 high seas 公海 high steel 硬钢 high beam 远距离光 high current 强电流 heavy industry 重工业 heavy current强电流 heavy line 粗线 heavy traffic 交通拥挤,词义的选择,4、根据上下文选择词义Eg.develop(1)To develop the instrument,many experts were inviterd.研制、开发在研制这种仪器时邀请了很多专家。(2)The countrys industry has developed quickly in the last decade.发展我国工业在过去十年内发展迅速。5、根据名词单复数 content 容量,含量-s 目录,内容 time 时间-s 倍数 mean 平均值-s 手段,方法 score 计算,成绩-s 许多,词义的选择,有些词或短语无法直接搬用词典中解释。须根据上下文联系及其逻辑关系对词义引申。1、抽象化引申 将原句中含义较为具体或形象化的词语,引申为意思较为概括或抽象的汉语词语,以符合汉语的表达习。Eg1.VLSI(very large scale integration)is still in its infancy.超大规模集成电路仍处于发展初期。(不能翻译成“婴儿期”)Eg2.There are three steps which must be taken before we graduate from the integrated circuit technology.我们要完全掌握集成电路,还必须经过三个阶段。(不能翻译成“毕业于”),词义的引申,2、专业化引申 基于基本词义,根据所涉及专业引申出其专业化语义,以符合技术语言规范和习惯。Eg1.These experiments have produced some valuable data.这些试验得出了某些有价值的数据(原意:导致、产生、制造)。3、具体化引申 将原语句中含义较为笼统或抽象的词,引申为意思较为具体或形象化的汉语词语,避免译文概念不清或不符汉语表达习惯。Eg1.At present coal is the most common food of a steam power plant.目前,煤仍然是凝汽式电厂最常用的能源。Eg2.The car in front of me suddenly stopped and I missed the green.我前面的那辆车突然停了,我错过了绿灯。,The End!,