英语现在完成时态.ppt

Present Perfect Tense,Designer:Ma Hongjie Ma Ying Middle School,导入：Find out which sentences are past tense and which sentences are present perfect tense.找出下列哪些句子是过去式，哪些是现在完成时态。,I borrowed this book a month ago.,He had his breakfast at 6:00.,When did you come here?,He has gone to the bookshop to buy some books.,My teacher has been away from Nanjing for 3 days.,2.she has been away for two weeks.,Present perfect tense 现在完成时,构成:用法一：,表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果.现在完成时这一时态强调是过去动作与现在的联系,也就是强调现在的影响和结果.,have/has+过去分词,用法二：for+段时间 since+点时间 since+句子（过去时）E.g.Kate has lived here for 3 years.Kate has lived here since 3 years ago.Kate has lived here since she came to China.,表示过去某个时间开始的动作或存在的状态，一直持续到现在并可能还将持续下去。动词使用延续性动词。常与for或since引导的时间连用,1.都表示过去发生的事2.现在完成时强调过去和现在的联系，不能和具体的时间状语连用；3.一般过去时强调过去发生的事或状态与表示过去的具体时间连用（last,ago,yesterday,etc.）,present,past,I have lived here for two years,I lived there 2 years ago,A现在完成时态是一个属于现在时态的范畴，所以它可以和包括“现在时刻”在内的时间状语连用。如：Now,today,this morning/week/month/year,by now,so far,up to now,already,before,just,ever,never,always,recently,lately.等等。如：I have done nothing today.我今天什么事情也没有干。We have had four lessons this morning.今天上午我们上了四节课。（说话时还没有超出上午的范围）,B当强调行为的行为时间、执行者、行为方式、行为场所、行为原因时，句中一般用一般过去时，而不用或者很少用现在完成时，间或用现在完成时也是为了强调结果。如：Who did it?How did he do it?Why did he do it?Where did he do it?When did he do it?,C.非延续性动词的否定式可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，表示这种动作的否定状态的延续。如：I havent bought anything for a week/since you left.我已经有一个礼拜没有买东西了。/自从你离开以后我没有买过任何东西。,D为了准确地判断动词的延续性和非延续性，请记住下面的歌诀：动词延续非延续，要用“一直”加动词；说得通是延续动词，说不通是非延续动词。可以说：一直有have/进行be on/保管keep/在组织里be in/是成员be a身份 不能说：一直买buy/开始begin/借入borrow/到达reach,get to,arrive/参加join,等等。,常见非延续性动词和延续性动词的转变,arrive/come/go to die become a borrowLeave/move buy openjoin start/begin finish/endcatch a cold get up get to know get out close wake upgo to sleepbecome interested in,be in,be dead,have,keep,be away/be out,be a,be in/a member of,be open,be on,be over,have a cold,be up,know,be out,be closed,be awake,be asleep/sleep,be interested in,Exercises,His father has died.(for 2 years)The football match has begun.(since9:00a.m)The twins have joined the army.(since they are 18years old)My teacher has just left Nanjing.(for 3 days),His father has been dead for 2 years.,The football match has been on since 9:00 a.m.,The twins have been soldiers/been in the army since they are 18years old.,My teacher has been away from Nanjing for 3 days,重点句型:It is/has been+段时间+since从句 段时间+has passed+since从句,eg.他死了两年了：He died two years ago.He has been dead for two years/since two years ago It is/has been two years since he died.Two years has passed since he died.,1.这本书我借了一个月了。,I borrowed this book a month ago.,It is/has been a month since I borrowed the book.,I have kept the book for a month./since a month ago.,A month has passed since I borrowed the book.,Exercises,Tom 在哪儿？他去书店买书了。我在北京待了5年了。Jack 去过上海两次了,-Where is Tom?-He has gone to the bookshop to buy some books.,I have been in Beijing for 5 years.,Jack has been to Shanghai twice.,Correcting,1.I have borrowed the book for 3 months.2.My bother has joined the army since he was 18.3.Jack and Tom have lived here since 5years.4.The film has been on since I have come to the cinema.5.When has Mr.Li caught a bad cold?,have kept,has been in/been a member of the army,since 5 years ago/for 5 years,came,did,catch,练习将下列句子翻译成英文。1.从两点钟起我就在这里了。2.她已经走了一个礼拜了。3.从上礼拜五他就生病了。4.他参军已经有五年了。5.自从五年前他就在这里了。,答案：1.I have been here since two oclock.2.she has been away for two weeks.3.He has been ill since last Friday.4.He has been in the army for five years.5.He has been here since five years ago.,