英语句子的基本结.ppt
英语句子的基本结构,1.简单句的五种基本句型(Sentence Patterns)1)主+动(S+V)例如:He works very hard.2)主+动+宾(S+V+O)例如:We study English.3)主+动+表(S+V+P/S+L+P/S+L+C)例如:He is an artist.4)主+动+宾+补(S+V+O+C)例如:His father will make him a doctor.5)主+动+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+Oi+Od)例如:He gave me some books.,注意:基本句型“主+系动词+表语”中的系动词系动词可分为:,1)表示存在某种特征或状态。例如:be,feel,appear,look,seem,smell,taste,soundSome people seem to think that sports and games are unimportant things.She appeared quite moved at the wordsDo you know why she looks worried?The music sounds sweet.If the sky appears blue to us on earth,it is because the earths atmosphere scatters a certain number of blue rays of sunlight.如果说我们从地面上来看天空是蔚蓝的,那是因为地球上的大气散射了日光中一定量的蓝色光的缘故。,2)表示某种状态的持续。例如:remain,keep,stay,continue,stand,lie.restThe weather continued calm.She lies sleeping.The book lies open on the desk.She rests satisfied.He stood a giant among them.他是他们中特出的人才。A number of problems remain to be solved.“Keep quiet!Dont talk!”He stayed single in all his life.She stands high in the public estimation.,3)表示由一种状态变成另一种状态。例如:become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow,make The river is running dry.This student will make a good teacher.I have run short of money.Supplies are running short He has turned Christian.他已成为基督徒。Your dream will one day come true.My brother became a teacher.You will soon get used to the climate here.My hair has turned gray.Fish soon goes bad in hot weather.My mother has fallen ill.It began to grow dark.,基本句型“主+动词+宾语+补语”的宾补可以用作宾补的词有名词、形容词、不等式、动名词、分词、介词短语等。,1)名词(能这样用的动词有 name,call,make,elect,choose,crowd,think,consider,appoint)They named the child Jimmy.They elected him king.The people crowded Richard king.人民拥戴李查为王。They chose Mr.Smith chairman.They made Newton President of the Royal Society.他们举牛顿为皇家学会主席。They called them cowards.他们呼他们为懦夫。People think him a good leader.They appointed White manager.,2)形容词(能这样用的动词有 make,boil,find,keep,leave,cut,get,paint,set,push,turn,wish,believe,consider,think,prove,)Dont get your clothes dirty.The sun keeps us warm.Get yourself ready.Dont make yourself uneasy.I found the box empty.We painted the door blue.They set the prisoners free.Can you push the door open?The cold weather turned the leaves yellow.,3)不定式(能这样用的动词有ask.,want,wish,expect,allow,permit,warn,like,tell,help,know,)He wants me to be early.I asked him not to do it.I told the servant to open the window.Please help me to carry this box.He likes his wife to dress well.Your teacher expects you to work hard.I warned him not to be late.He allowed the solders to take him prisoner.他允许那些兵把他俘虏。They have never know him to behave so badly.,(不带to的不定式的动词有:make,have,let,help,hear,see,look at,listen to,feel,watch,notice,I made him do it.Let me go.They felt the house shake.Watch me do it.I heard him come in.Did anyone notice the thief leave the house?We saw them go out.Would you have me believe that?Will you help me carry the box?,4)分词(能跟现在分词的动词有 keep,have,leave,hear,see,watch,feel,smell,find,)He kept me waiting.I found him working at his desk.They left me standing outside.We watched the train leave the station.Do you feel the house shaking?Can you smell something burning?I saw him running off.I heard him giving orders.,(能跟过去分词的词有 get,have,hear,make,)You must get your hair cut.Where did you have them printed?She had a new dress made.His action made him respected.5)动名词We call this robbing Peter to pay Paul.我们把这叫做拆东墙垒西墙。6)介词短语I found everything in good condition.I regarded this as of great importance.,主语+动词+宾语+宾语能这样用的常见动词有:ask,bring,buy,choose,do,deny,fetch,get,give,grant,hand,leave,lend,make,offer,order,pay,pass,promise,sell,send,show,take,teach,tell,write,wish例如:,They granted him a favor.他们答应帮忙。They denied him admission.他们拒绝他入场。I left him a free choice.我任他自由选择。I offered her a cigarette.我敬她一枝烟。He ordered himself three shirts.他定做了三件衬衫。She promised me her help.她答应过帮助我。I will pay you back the money you lent me.我要把你借给我的钱还你。,2.句子的种类-根据结构1)简单句(Simple Sentence):具有一套主谓结构的句子。例如:The man knocked at the door.2)并列句(Compound Sentence):由并列连词(Coordinate Conjunction)连接、含有两个或多个主谓结构的分句(Clause).例如:The man knocked at the door but no one answered.,3)复合句(Complex Sentence):由一个主句(Main Clause)和一个或几个从句(Sub-clause)构成的句子。从句由从属连词(Subordinate Conjunction)引出。例如:As soon as he arrived the house,the man knocked at the door.4)并列复合句(Compound Complex Sentence):含有复合句的并列句。例如:John wanted to go to the party,but his wife said she was too tired.I asked a man who has a wife and three children who did the cooking in his house and he replied that whoever came home from work first did it.,3.英语三大句子结构的特点1)简单句不简单Let us hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics,rally more closely around the Central Committee,unite as one,forge ahead in a pioneering spirit,and work hard to achieve new victories in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and write a new chapter of happy life for the people!,Chinas first lunar probe is expected to fulfill four scientific objectives,including a three-dimensional survey of the moons surface,analysis of the abundance and distribution of elements on the moon,an investigation of the lunar regolith and the powdery soil layer,and an exploration of the relationship between the Earth and the moon.,The theme of the congress is to hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics,follow the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of Three Represents,thoroughly apply the Scientific Outlook on Development,continue to emancipate the mind,persist in reform and opening up,pursue development in a scientific way,promote social harmony,and strive for new victories in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.,2)并列句贵连词(1)以and为代表的表示语义引申的并列连词:and,not only.but also,not nor,neither.nor,notneither,:(冒号),;(分号)等.,Examples:Not only is he himself interested in the subject,but all his students are beginning to show an interest in it.Tom is not going to the movies,nor am I.He neither likes fiction,nor does he like poetry.Neither has Mary wanted to rent a house,nor has her husband.,She cant read,neither can she write.Ive just had some good mews:Change-1,chinas first lunar probe,blasted off successfully.Every day the newspapers carry a few pages of classified ads;in the large Sunday editions there may be several sections of them.,(2)以or为代表的表示选择的并列连词:or,eitherorHurry up or you may be late for the meeting.He has either gone to the classroom,or he has gone to the reading room.,(3)以but为代表的表示语义转折和对比的并列连词:but,while,whereas,yet,still,however,only,so,for,sometimes sometimes 等。He is well over sixty,but he does not look at all old.Some people waste food,while others havent enough.,Many children want to live in town,whereas I myself would rather live in the country.Shes a funny girl,yet you cant help liking her.I gave all he asked for,yet he was still not satisfied.He very much wanted to buy the house,only he could not afford it.The light was red,so I have to stop my car.,Here the water is quiet,for there is little wind.Sometimes I laugh,sometimes I am down.I like to go with you;however,my hands are full.The composition is all right;there is room for improvement,however.,3)复合句中的关联词关联词(connective)的含义较广,我们把引导从句的词统称为关联词。例如:if,that,who,which,when,whether,how,though,as,because,why,.,实际上关联词的含义较广,但我们现在只限于以下几类:(1)从属连词(Subordinating conjunctions)例如:that,before,whether,after,if,since,although,as soon as,because,as long as,when,(2)连接代词(Conjunctive Pronouns)who,which,whom,what,whose(3)连接副词(Conjunctive Adverbs)when,why,where,how(4)关系代词(Relative Pronouns)who,which,whom,that.whose,as,than,but(5)关系副词(Relative Adverbs)when,where,why,Examples:Everyone said that she was a good teacher.The reason for their success is that they have worked very hard.Tell me something about the film that you saw last night.She was so sleepy that she could hardly keep her eyes open.,Do you know when he will be back from abroad?What I saw in the factory today impressed me deeply.She got up early because she was on the morning shift.This is the room where Chairman Mao once worked.She was reading a newspaper when I went to see her.,