英语动词定语从句.ppt

Revision ofthe Attributive Clause定语从句复习,I have a lovely dog.My dog is lovely.I have a nice car.My car is nice.,（定语）,（表语）,（表语）,（定语）,The boy needs a ball pen.The two boys are students There is nothing to do today The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.充当定语的有：主要由形容词担任。此外，名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式（短语）、分词和定语从句等都可用作定语。,Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.,关系代词的实质,a machine,that/which,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.,that/who/whom,The girl,注意避免重复,基础知识回顾:关系词及其意义,指代人 指代事物 所属关系 指地点 指时间 指原因,who,whom,that,aswhich,that,aswhosewherewhenwhy,归纳总结,定语从句,The Restrictive Attributive Clause限制性定语从句,The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause非限制性定语从句,基础知识,定语从句的分类：（1）限定性定语从句：与先行词关系密切，如果 没有定语从句，主句含混不清，不完整，限定性定语从句与先行词之间无逗号。（2）非限定性定语从句：是先行词的一个附加语，对先行词起进一步说明作用，如果删掉它，主句的意义仍然是完整的，非限定性定语从句与先行词之间有句号。如：The man who/that came first is Mike.His mother does morning exercises every day,which is good for her health.,考点与难点归纳,1.that与which2.对the way的考查3.关系副词引导的定语从句4.介词+关系词5.as的使用6.对where的考查7.综合考查,考点,难点,一、定语从句关系代词的辨认与使用 思考步骤：（1）找出先行词 a.确定关系代词的人称、数和性 b.确定从句位置（一般在先行词之后）（2）确定关系代词在从句中所担任的成分 以确定关系代词的格（3）确定从句时态 Do you know the boy my mother is talking to?,1.that 与which,1.Nothing _ can be done has been done.2.Do you have anything _ you dont understand?,先行词是everything,nothing,anything,something,much,little,none等不定代词，引导定语从句用that,that,that,1.This is the best TV _ is made in China.2.The first museum _ he visited in China was the History Museum.,that,that,先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，引导定语从句用that。,1.that 与which,Ive read all the books _ you lent me.,that,先行词被any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all,very,only,last 修饰时,引导定语从句用that。,1.that 与which,1.The famous writer and his works _ the radio broadcast have aroused great interest among the students.2.A victim is a person,animal or thing _ suffers pain,death,harm,etc.,先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用that.,that,that,1.that 与which,1.Who _ you have ever seen can do it better?,Who做先行词时，引导定语从句用that,that,1.that 与which,1.Her bag,in _ she put all her money,has been stolen.2.This is the ring on _ she spent 1000 dollars.3.Xiao Wang,with _ I went to the concert,enjoy it very much.,which,which,whom,在介词后面，指事物用which，指人用whom,1.that 与which,who（whom）who代人，在从句担任主语，也可代替在从句中做宾语的whom，前面不能有介词。如有介词则必用whom（结构：介词+whom）。例如：The girl who is standing there is Mary.She is the girl who/whom I met that day.The doctor to whom she sent her frirend is very famous.,whose 引导的定语从句,表示所属关系,The river _ banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.,whose,3 Whose 的使用,There are in this class 20 students,_ are different.A.whose backgrounds B.The backgrounds of whomC.of whom the backgrounds D.the backgrounds of whose,Whose 的使用,关系代词的省略 1.条件：只在限定性定语从句中可省略。2.情况：a.关系代词在从句中担任动词宾语时 b.在从句中做介词的宾语，且介词在句尾 例如：Here is the man that you have been looking for.c.关系代词在从句中做表语时 例如：Shanghai is no longer the city which it used to be.d.在there be句型中，先行词是way时，关系代词省略。例：I dont like the way(that)you talk to me.,1:先行词是everything,nothing,anything,something,much,little,none等不定代词或 由不定代词any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all等修饰时,引导定语从句用that不用 which。2：先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰且指物时,引导定语从句用that。3:先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用 that。4:先行词被the very,the only等修饰且指物时,引导定 语从句用that。5：当先行词前面有who/which等疑问代词时，只用 that。,指物，介词后。2.用于非限制定语从句中,只使用that应遵循的规则,只使用which应遵循的规则,填上合适的关系词并分析原因：1.The way _he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.2.The way _he explained to us was quite simple.,that/which/不填,that/in which/不填,缺状语,缺宾语,二、the way用做先行词,3.What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it.（04湖北）A.the way B.in the way that C.in the way D.the way which,高考题链接：,三、关系副词引导的定语从句,关系副词是用来引导定语从句的作用：（1）在定语从句中替代先行词（2）在从句中担任状语成分，起副词和介词短语的作用（3）起连接作用，把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的主从复合句关系副词：where/when/why.各关系副词的用法：,where的用法：表的地方，修饰场所、方位名词。This is the house.I was born in the house.=This is the house where I was born.先行词 关系副词=This is the house which I was born in.=This is the house in which I was born.注：关系副词可等于”介词+关系副词“,2.when的用法：表的时候，修饰日子年代等名词。We will never forget the day when join the party.3.why的用法：表的原因，的理由。The reason why I called is to invite you to a party.注：区分与关系代词的区别，只要在定语从句中担任状语的，就是关系副词。,四、介词+关系代词 1.当介词放在关系代词前时，介词宾语只能用which代物，whom代人。且关系代词一律不能省略。例如：I want to find the pen with which I wrote that letter.2.介词在末尾时，可用that/which（代物），that/whom/who（代人）做介词的宾语，切这个介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。例如：The man whom/who/that/可省 he wants to see is in Shanghai.,1）、看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配,This is the book_ which you asked,注意：动词短语不能拆开即介词不能提前,for,The old man whom I am looking after is better.,如何判断介词（1）,2）、看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配,He referred me to some reference books _ which I am not very familiar.,with,如何判断介词（2）,3）、根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词 搭配,This is our classroom,_ which there is a teachers desk.,in the front of,如何判断介词（3）,The earth is round,_ we all know._ is known to all,the earth is round_ is known to all that the earth is round.,as,As,It,五、由as引导的定语从句,as 的使用（1）：,This is the same book as I lost.This is the same book that I lost.,这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。,这本书就是我丢的那本。,as 的使用（2）：,This is such an interesting book _ we all like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.,as,as,这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。,定语从句,as 的使用（3）：,This is such an interesting book _we all like it.This is so interesting a book _we all like it.,that,that,这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。,结果状语从句,as 的使用（4）：,1.It is very useful to master a foreign language,_ has been said before.,which,2 _ everyone hoped,Mary has won the first prize.,As,as 的使用（5）：,1.Ive come to the point where I cant stand him.2.The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.,我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。,国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。,where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是 表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。,难点一：一些特殊词之后的where,解析：如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,part,condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。,1.We are trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk.（06山东）A.which B.that C.where D.when2.-Do you have anything to say for yourself?-Yes,theres one point _ we must insist on.（06江西）A.why B.where C.how D./,高考题链接：,做题要灵活：要分析句子成分，选择恰当的关系词。,wherethat1.This is the library_I borrowed the book.2.It is from this library_I borrowed the book.,where,定语从句,that,强调句型,综合考查一：定语从句与强调句,3.-Where did you last see Mr.Smith?-It was in the hotel_ I lived.A.that B.which C.where D.when,难点二.综合考查,近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。,友情提示,综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句,1.We all have heard the news_ our team won.2.We dont believe the news _ he told us yesterday.,that,that/which,综合考查三：定语从句与表语从句,The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.（05 江苏）A.which;where B.at which;which C.at which;where D.which;in which,that/which,5 when,where,why 与that,which 的区分,）Ill never forget the day _ we first met in the park.）Ill never forget the time _ I spent with you.）Ill never forget the time _ was spent with you.）This is the museum _I visited last year.,when,whichthat,whichthat,whichthat,5 when,where,why 与that,which 的区分,This is the reason _(=for which)I didnt come here.The reason _ she gave was not true.,whythat,which/that,指时间，地点或原因的先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。,6 定语从句中的动词的数,He is the only one in his class who _(have)got the teachers praise He is one of the students in his class who _(have)got the teachers praise,has,have,关系词在定语从句中做主语时，谓语动词的数取决于先行词,注意事项,1.what不引导定语从句 I want to give you what I have.(宾语从句）2.先行词被the same 修饰时，关系代词既可用that,也可用as.但意义不同，前者表示“同一的”，后者表示“同样的”。3.关系副词when/where/why其含义相当于on which/in which/for which等可交替使用。如：The day when/on which I met him first was May 1st.4.当先行词为专有名词或整个句子是世界上独一无二的名词时，一般用非限定性定语从句修饰。例如：The sun,which gives us light,is very big.,Practice makes perfect!,May you succeed in your studies!,Thank you!,