英语个基本句型.ppt

Five Basic Sentence Types,作业批改符号,波浪线 表扬线 直线：错误句子错误单词 插入 删除 颠倒位置,benifit,作业批改符号,Part of Speech 词性，如果是词性错误，我将把单词划出，并写PtSp；或者写正确的词性缩写，如n./adj./adv./v./vt./Vi./prep.如果是时态错误，我将写tense如果是拼写错误，我将写spelling如果是搭配错误，我将写col.(collocation)如果是句子不符合五个基本句型结构，我将写Sen.Str.(Sentence Structure)如果句义含糊不清，我会写?或者用问号提示你自己找出句子的错误。,作业修改要求,凡是被划出有错的单词和句子,请在下次交作业时把正确句子写在作业本上。对第一次作业的修改占第二次作业分数的1/3.,作业中的错误,主谓不一致Eg.There is also a non-neglect problem is that pollution.错误分析：一句话两个动词 non-neglect 自创词，应为 beyond-neglect 或crucial that 连词只能连接句子，这句接了一个名词。改为：The problem of pollution in the city is also beyond-neglect.,作业常见错误,题目大小写错误一个句子两个动词词性错误两个句子或两套主谓结构中间用逗号连接搭配不当/汉式英语句子不完整，缺少主语、谓语或宾语、表语，不是一个成份完整的句子,题目大小写错误,1)题目的大小写规则：第一个单词的第一个字母一定要大写。实词（名词、动词、代词、形容词、副词等）首字母大写，虚词（介词、冠词、连词、感叹词）首字母小写。例：Which is Better,City Life or Country Life?How to Solve the Housing Problem in Big Cities?2)专有名词大写（专有名词表示特定的人名、地名或组织机构的名称）例：Jenny 珍妮 China 中国 Asia 亚洲the Great Wall 长城 the United Nations 联合国Bank of China 中国银行,一个句子两个动词,My parents were not took after me as others.,错误：系动词和实意动词混用 系动词用于主系表结构中 实意动词用于主谓、主谓宾、主谓宾宾补、主谓直宾和间宾结构中。如 My teacher is kind to me.My parents didnt treat me as well as other parents did to their children.,一个句子两个动词,All the teachers were gave up with me.错误1：Were 和gave up 分别是主系表和主谓宾结构中的谓语，怎么能放在一个句子中？错误2：give up 和with 不搭配 give up sth 不需要介词应改为：All the teachers were disappointed with me.或者 All the teachers gave up helping me.,一个句子两个动词,My grandfather was passed away.Pass away 是个动词短语，可以直接作谓语，前面不应该出现was,应删去was.My grandfather was died.这句也是错误的。Die 是个动词，前面不应出现be动词。可以改为：My grandfather was dead.或者My grandfather died.,一句话两个谓语动词,I could hear bird sings here and there.错误原因：一句话不能出现两个谓语动词 正确表达方式为：I could hear birds singing here and there.,词性错误,This day was full of happy.,错误原因：Happy 词性错误。介词后不能出现形容词，只能出现名词和动名词。改成：This day was full of happiness.,词性错误,He gave me a great encourage and help in daily life.错误1：encourage 词性错误。动词不能作宾语，应将encourage 改为encouragement.错误2：encouragement 是不可数名词，不能用a 修饰，应删除a。,词性错,I tried every means to make myself sleep,but it didnt effective.错误：effective是个形容词，形容词只能用在系动词后作表语，前面不可能出现didnt应改为：It wasnt effective.,词性错,I realized the important of a good emotion.Realize 是谓语动词，后面应该跟名词作宾语，再者，of 前不可能用形容词，只能限定名词。Important 应为importance.Emotion这个词太大，应改为mood.,两个句子间用逗号连接,I sometimes will feel tired in class,it influenced my study a lot.错误1：英语中两句话之间要么有连词，如and,but,that，要么就写上句号，分成两句话。英语中的逗号不能起连接句子的作用。错误2：前后时态不一致。应该为：I sometimes felt so tired in class that my study was influenced a lot.,搭配不当/汉式英语,Its time to make war,please hold up weapons.到了制造战争的实侯了，请拿起武器。No one can“make”war!应改为：Its time to fight in the war.,搭配不当,We can own the fresh air.(breathe)Beautiful idea(pretty)解决搭配不当的方法：多读优秀英语文章，注意积累和记忆固定的搭配方式：如什么样的形容词可以修饰什么样的动词，什么样的动词跟什么介词，什么动词跟什么宾语，这些都需要有意识地积累。,句子不完整,As everyone knows,before the match,must have a opening ceremony.错误1 must have是谓语动词，那么前面应该有主语。错误2 以元音开头的单词前面需要不定冠词时，应该用an，应该是an opening ceremony.应改为:There used to be an opening ceremony before the match of a sports meeting.,句子不完整,Lying on the desk pondering a question,do not know whether it is in thinking or think about life.这句话首先表达非常含糊，完全不符合英语语法。外国人看不懂。Do not know 是个谓语动词，那么它的主语呢？It 是指自己吗，怎么突然出来个指物的代词，指代也不清楚。,Sentence Components,contents,主语+系动词+表语,Contents,1 主语+谓语 S+Vi（不及物动词Vi）,They failed.He works hard.Tom comes.Lily is listening.My father retired last month.The rainbow has disappeared.,2 主语+谓语+宾语（S+Vt+O）,Vt 及物动词He studies English.We saw a film.注意：不及物动词可以通过跟介词或副词结合构成及物动词。Vi+prep.=Vt eg.deal with,look into,complain about,laugh at,look afterVi+Adv.+prep.=Vt eg.make up for,look down upon,end up inVi+N+prep.=Vt.Eg.take care of,take advantage of,make use of,put an end to,attach greater importance to,3 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语S+Vt.+O2(人）+O1（物）,The professor asked me a difficult question.My boyfriend sent me a Christmas card.I gave her some books.The teacher told us a story.主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语 S+Vt+O1+O2I gave some books to her.The teacher told a story to us.The shop assistant showed some new mobilePhones to me.,4 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语S+Vt+O+OC(object complement),1)主语+动词+宾语+形容词 S+Vt+O+AWe find the computer very useful.We must make our country rich and strong.The humid climate makes many people sick.I dont think it possible.2)主语+动词+宾语+名词 S+V+O+NYou may call me kent.We elect him our monitorHis father will make him a doctor.,主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语S+Vt+O+OC(object complement),3)主语+动词+宾语+不定式S+Vt+O+InfinitiveThe policeman asked us.I dont expect him.He requested the manager.,5 主语+系动词+表语（也称为主语补足语）,1)S+LV+N 主语+系动词+名词She is a teacher.Knowledge is power.Honesty is the best policy.2)S+LV+A 主语+系动词+形容词系动词：be,seem,appear,look,remain,sound,feel,smell,taste,become,grow,turn,go,prove,etc.She is clever.My mother remains young.The leaves turns yellow.The food smells awful.The weather looks nice.,主语的词类,名词，代词，动名词，动词不定式，名词短语，名词性从句，数词Work is struggle.工作就是斗争We love our motherland.我们爱我们的祖国Doing this job is just a piece of cake.Being a teacher is my dream.Seeing is believing.To Solve this problem needs great patience.Three of the students were absent from class.Whether there is a business trip or not is still unknown.9 is my favorite number.,谓语的词类(只有动词）,1）一个单独的动词（及物或不及物，包括其相应时态的变体）They went swimming yesterday.The sun rises in the east.2)动词短语 The thief ran away at the sight of the police.3）助动词或情态动词+原形动词 They will go swimming tomorrow.I can finish the work today.I dont like eating candies.,宾语的词类（与主语相同）,名词，代词，动名词，动词不定式，名词短语，名词性从句，数词The man stopped the car suddenly.I dont know him.I dont like eating candies.I like to go for a walk after the supper.I like the elder of the twin sisters.I wonder when he can finish the job.My favorite number is 9.,宾语补足语的词类,名词，形容词，动词不定式，现在分词，过去分词I appointed him the president of the class.The teacher asks us to hand in the homework today.Wearing uniforms makes life dull and monotonous.Did you hear someone knocking the door?I saw him knocked down by a car.,宾语补足语的词类,名词，形容词，动词不定式，现在分词，过去分词I appointed him the president of the class.The teacher asks us to hand in the homework today.Wearing uniforms makes life dull and monotonous.Did you hear someone knocking the door?I saw him knocked down by a car.,表语的词类,名词，代词，形容词，动名词，现在/过去分词，不定式，介宾短语，名词从句Jane is a lovely girl.Business is business.This is ours.Her face went red.Im so sorry.Smoking isnt good for ones health.Seeing is believing.My favorite sport is swimming.My dream is to become a teacher.To save time is to lengthen life.My plan for the summer vacation is to travel abroad.,表语的词类,She is interested in the story.A cup is on the table.This is what I want to know.Grace seems a bit puzzled.,系动词的分类,(1)状态系动词：只有be一词。如：She is always like that.她总是那样。I am used to going about alone.我习惯于独来独往。These shoes are too tight for me.这双鞋我穿太小。,系动词的分类,(2)持续系动词：表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,remain,stay,rest,lie,stand。I hope youll keep fit.我希望你身体好。The door remained closed.门仍然关着。He stayed single.他仍然是单身。,系动词的分类,(3)表像系动词：表示“看起来好像”，主要有seem,appear,look等。He looks tired.他看起来很累。He seems(to be)quite happy.他好像很快活。He appeared quite well.他显得身体相当好。,系动词的分类,(4)感官系动词：表示“起来”，有feel(摸起来，感觉),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),taste(尝起来，吃起来),look(看起来）等。This kind of cloth feels very soft.这种布摸起来很软。He looks honest.他看起来很老实。Everybody feels contented.每个人都感到很满足。Ice feels cold.冰感觉起来是凉的。It sounds a good idea.这听起来是个好主意。This food tastes good.这菜好吃。,5)变化系动词这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run。例如：He became mad after that.自那之后，他疯了。She grew rich within a short time.她没多长时间就富了。The meat goes bad.肉质变坏了。Shes growing fat.她正在发胖。His hair turned grey in a few weeks.在几个星期中他头发就变灰白了。,系动词的分类,系动词的分类,6)终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,turn out,表达证实，变成之意，例如：The rumor proved false.这谣言证实有假。The search proved difficult.搜查证实很难。His plan turned out a success.他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表终止性结果),主谓结构练习,A.说明：本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成,常用来表示主语的动作。如，The sun rises.主语可有修饰语-定语，如，The red sun rises.谓语可有修饰语-状语，如，The red sun rises in the east.,主谓结构练习,B.翻译练习：在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。C.参考答案：Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day.,主系表结构,A.说明：本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词有（1）表示特征和存在状态的 be,seem,feel,appear,look,smell,taste,sound.（2）表示状态延续的 remain,stay,keep,continue,stand.(3)表示状态变化的 become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow.,主系表结构,B.翻译练习：冬季白天短，夜晚长。In winter,the days are short and the nights are long.布朗夫人看起来很健康。Mrs Brown looks very healthy.十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist.这本书是有关美国历史的书。This book is about the history of the United States.她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.,主谓宾结构,主谓宾结构(一）A.说明：此结构中的谓语动词常常是动词词组，分两种情况：1.及物动词+副词，2.不及物动词+介词。,主谓宾结构,1.含有away,out,forward,up 等副词的动词词组是可拆分的。They carried out the plan successfully.我们还可以说，They carried the plan out successfully.但我们只能说 As the plan was practical,they carried it out successfully.动副词组都可以这样用,主谓宾结构,2.而含有介词 at,for,from,into,of,with,to 等的动介词组是不可拆分的。我们只能说think of it,不能说think it of.,主谓宾结构,我不信任那个人。I dont believe in(介)that man.他指出了我的作文中的错误。He pointed out（副）the mistakes in my composition.圣诞节我们将去看望外籍教师。On Christmas Day,we will call on（介）our foreign teachers.,双宾语结构,说明：此结构由主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）组成。如，He brings me cookies every day.She made me a beautiful dress.但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for,如，He brings cookies to me every day.She made a beautiful dress for me.用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。,翻译练习：Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。,双宾语结构,复合宾语结构,说明:此结构由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语构成。宾语与宾语补足语有逻辑的主谓关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不完整。可以用做宾补的有，名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词。如，The sun keeps us warm.I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut.用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，是英语常用句型。即 主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如，I found it very pleasant to be with your family.,复合宾语结构,翻译练习：1、我们叫她Alice.2、他的父母给他取名为John.3、我们大家都认为他是诚实的。,作业,翻译练习：学生会将举办晚会来欢迎美国朋友。除英语外，我的其他功课也很好。邮局在这条街的那一边。你有其它有关这个问题的书吗？她是个好的钢琴演奏者，她钢琴弹得很好。,作业,6.五十七年前毛主席在这个房间里住过。7.房间里除了两把椅子外，没找到别的东西。8.昨天，王先生和我都迟到了。9.站在校门口，他们看到一辆公共汽车开过来了。10.他看见一个人被汽车撞倒了。11.他不抽烟，不喝酒。12.解放以来，中国发生了许多巨大的变化。,