职高部被动语态课件.ppt

Welcome！,过去分词的变化规则,1.一般直接在词尾+ed2.以e结尾的直接加d3.以辅音+y结尾的把y变i加ed4.以辅元辅结构的，双写最后一个 辅音字母加ed 5.不规则变化的参照不规则动词表。,n+1+1,water,watered watered,use,used used,study,studied studied,stop,stopped stopped,do,did done,ride,rode ridden,For example,clean,finish,play,smoke,plant,carry,find,found found,make,made made,invent,build,built built,sweep,swept swept,take,took taken,buy,bought bought,have,had had,Lets have a try.,sing,sang sung,tell,told told,give,gave given,The Passive Voice,英语动词有两种语态主动语态：主语是动作的执行者被动语态：主语是动作的承受者Many people speak English.(主动)English is spoken by many people.(被动),概念,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。,被动语态构成：be+过去分词,1）一般现在时：am/is/are+rebuilt,2)一般过去时：was/were+rebuilt,形式,以 rebuild 为例子,5)现在进行时态：is/am/are+being+rebuilt,3)一般将来时：will/shall+be+rebuilt,4)过去将来时would/should+be+rebuilt,6)过去进行时态：was/were+being+rebuilt,7)现在完成时：have/has+been+rebuilt,8）过去完成时：had+been+rebuilt,情态动词被动语态：情态动词+be+rebuilt,(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。如:Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的),3、被动动态的用法：,This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。(2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。如:The window was broken by Mike.,This book was written by him.。,4、及物 动词才有被动语 态。被动语态的主语大 多数是物。,在英语中按动词后是否直接跟宾语，可以把动词分成两种：及物动词与不及物动词。及物动词vt.不及物动词vi.。及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象（即宾语），并且可直接跟宾语。不及物动词不能直接加宾语。,He teaches English in our school.,English is taught in our school by him.,语态转换,宾变主，主变宾，宾+by，被动be加done,时态看主动,将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语。将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be+过去分词”结构。将主动语态的主语改为介词 by之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）。如果原句主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用in+地点名词作状语。The school set up a special class to help poor readers.A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school.,主动语态改为被动语态的方法,She waters the flowers every day.,The flowers,What does she do every day?,every day.,are watered,by her,He plays basketball every week.,Basketball is played by him every week.,一般现在时的被动语态：is/am/are+过去分词,They do their homework after school.,Their homework is done by them after school.,My mother sweeps the floor every day.,The floor is swept by my mother every day.,2.We planted many trees last years.,Many trees were planted by us last year.,一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+过去分词,I bought a computer last term,A computer was bought(by me)last term.,The light was invented by Thomas Edison.,invent,Thomas Edison invented the light.,The Great Wall was built by Chinese people many years ago.,Chinese people built the Great Wall many years ago.,The students planted many trees yesterday.,Many trees were planted by the students yesterday.,The students are planting many trees.-Many trees are being planted by the students,3.She will teach Class 6.,Class 6 will be taught by her.,一般将来时的被动语态：Will/shall+be+过去分词,The work will be finished by him next week.,He will finished the work next week.,Will they build a new house near school?,Will a new house be built by them near school?,现在进行时的被动语态：is/am/are+being+过去分词,4.She is teaching Class 6.,Class 6 is being taught by her.,5.The car _(mend)by the man when I got there.,过去进行时的被动语态：was(were)+being+过去分词,Many trees_(plant)in the park since last year.,现在完成时的被动语态：have(has)+been+过去分词,The boxes_(carry)before we got there.,过去完成时的被动语态：had been+过去分词,3.We should plant many more trees.,Many more trees should be planted by us.,含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+过去分词,He can carry the basket.,The basket can be carried by him.,They can sing some beautiful songs.,Some beautiful songs can be sung by them.,We should clean the classroom every day.,The classroom should be cleaned by us every day.,Our students mustnt smoke cigarettes.,Cigarettes mustnt be smoked by our students.,They take good care of the baby.,The baby is taken good care of by them.,注意：含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一个整体，不可把它们分隔开来。,I was given a book by her.,A book was given to me by her.,She gave me a book.,如 遇双宾语，最好变间宾，如若变直宾，间宾前to/for（pass,lend,buy,write,bring,show,tell）,主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）,8.He made me do the work.,I was made to do the work by him.,这些动词真奇怪，主动句中to 离开，被动句中to回 来。（feel,listen to,hear,let have,make,look at,see,watch),下列情况主动句不能改为被动句：,第一，感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look,seem,taste,sound,remain等。Do you like the material?Yes,it feels very soft.误：It is felt very soft.The food tastes delicious.误：The food is tasted delicious.The pop music sounds beautiful.误：The pop music is sounded beautiful.,第二，谓语是及物动词leave,enter,reach,suit,have,benefit,lack,own等。如：He entered the room and got his book.误：The room was entered and his book was got.She had her hand burned.误：Her hand was had burned.,第三，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：take place,break out,belong to,lose heart,consist of,add up to等。如：The fire broke out in the capital building.误：The fire was broke out in the capital building.第四，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。When we got to the top of the mountain,the sun had already risen.误：The sun had already been risen.After the earthquake,few houses remained.误：After the earthquake,few houses were remained.,第五。在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示，例如：据说It is said that 据报导It is reported that 据推测It is supposed that 希望It is hoped that 众所周知It is well known that 普遍认为It is generally considered that 有人建议It is suggested that 1)It is reported that it is going to rain tomorrow.2)It is well known that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.,1.Bananas are grown in Hainan.(海南种植香焦。）,2.Many more trees will be planted in our school next year.（我们学校明年将种更多的树。）,3.Were the trees planted by him.这些树是他种的吗？,4.Young trees must be looked after.(必须照看好小树）,5.The building is being built.(那栋楼房正在建设中。）,6.The homework has been finished yet.（家作已经做完了。）,1Stamps_by people for sending letters.A.use B.using C.used D.are used.2.Must old people_to politely?A.speak B.spoken C.be spoke D.be spoken3.Bike mustnt_everywhere.A.be up B.be put C.put C.putting4.The woman fell off the bike and _on the road.A.lay B.was lain C.lied D.has lain,D,D,B,A,5.The old man and the children_in our country.A.must take good care.B.must be take good care ofC.must take good care of Dmust be taken good care of 6.All trees must_well when it is dry.A.be water B.watering C.water D.be watered7._I think the shop_._No,its open.It_at six.close,close B closed,closedC.closed;closes D.is closed,closes,D,D,D,将下列句子变为被动语态，每空一词。1.We can finish the work in two days.The work _ _ _ in two days.2.They produce silk in Suzhou.Silk _ _ in Suzhou.3.The children will sing an English song.An English song _ _ _ by the children.4.You neednt do it now.It _ _ _ by you now.5.Lucy sent me a New Year Card last week.A New Year Card _ _ _ me by Lucy last week.6.He made me do that for him.I _ _ _ _that for him.7.I have given this book to the library.This book _ _ _ to the library.,can be finished,is produced,will be sung,neednt be done,was sent to,was made to do,has been given,1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutting things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month.,are used,are,cleaned,(变被动语态）,七嘴八舌,3.I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.,The ticket was found,was told,3.We found the ticket on the floor.,5.Last year we built a library in ourschool.A library _ _ in our school last year.6.Now people can use computers to help them.Now computers _ _ _ to help them.,was built,can be,used,7.Did you plant many trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ at this time last time?8.Must we finish our work today?_ our work_ _ today?,Were many trees planted,Must be finished,9.The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.1)_ _ _ some wonderful stamps.2)Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _.,we were given,were,given to us,10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on the computer.11.In this factory women do most of the work.Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory.,was asked,is done,12.He can mend the bike in two days.The bike _ _ _ in two days.13.You must take this medicine three times a day.This medicine _ _ _ three times a day.,can be mended,must be,taken,