GRE填空句子结构分析内容.doc

GRE填空句子结构分析内容 给大家整理了GRE填空句子结构分析内容，快来一起学习吧，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。GRE填空句子结构分析内容一、分析句子结构：分隔与粘连是主要的重复信息的方式A. 分隔：句子中对主干进行修饰或补充的成分定语从句：that 同位语：that who “，” 插入语：“，” 分词结构：分词 不定式结构：to 介词短语：介词B. 粘连：由分号或冒号分开的上下句结构(大粘连)和一个句子内部的直接简单重复(小粘连);大粘连：直接同义重复：并列、因果关系词双重否定与肯定句重复：(1)A;not 非A (2)A;Its wrong/foolish/presumptuous to say 非A主动句与被动句重复：is the result of is the outgrowth of is the product of A?B;B?by A逆否命题重复：A?B;非B?非 A(无被动句标志词)比较句重复：to the same degree/extent asas more/less -er better than手段目的句重复：by for in terms of特殊并列句重复：包含两个并列关系从句的句式时间对比句重复：once formerly initial pristine erstwhile hereto hitherto now future before recent begin start create until no longer previous比喻句重复：like as小粘连：and but rather than even asas soas to二、判断句子逻辑关系：找出信号词，判断句子的并列、转折关系和正(+)、反()态度关系A. 并列关系：并列 递进 条件 因果 分号、冒号、破折号并列：and also or just as similarly correspondingly in the same way indeed accordingly递进：even因果：derive from lead to due to because cause since for therefore thus hence in that sothat soas to as a result result in result from accordingly consequently give rise toB. 让步、转折：even though although eventhough while whereas but yet however nevertheless notwithstanding despite in spite of in contrast to on the contrary on the other hand far from rather than whatever otherwise ironically illogically paradoxically curiously surprisingly unfortunately although, remain/continue(两次转折， + )分号C. 的正、反态度：态度语气词;在没有中心词时，特别要注意靠空格的正、反态度来解题D. 强烈对比：时间强对比 人物强对比 对象强对比(句子叙述对象的转移)E. 照应：人称代词：it 指示代词：such this that those these 定冠词：theF. 主体词：主体动词：continue remain shift fromto oscillate betweenand turninto reconcileand 人物身份名词 特征人物的特征性质或特征动作三、定位中心词：定位与空格对应的词汇或短语;无中心词时一般要根据句子逻辑关系两空格同时做，两空格相隔很近时一般也要同时做解题：以上三步是做题的关键，体现了解题的思路流程，但并不是每题都必须完成这三步才能解题，这三步分别强调了解题的不同方面和角度，一般用两步或三步即可解题。四种错误原因A. 逻辑关系弄反B. 因为句子复杂或含义晦涩, 找不到中心词C. 没有中心词D. 选项中的词义理解不到位GRE填空经典题目的练习1. Thomas Jefferson called The Federalist papers "the best commentaries on the principles of government ever written," and two centuries later they still stand as the most _ statements of American political philosophy. ?(A) derivative ?(B) abstruse ?(C) impressive ?(D) ambiguous ?(E) underrated ?答案：C解析： 顺承关系/时间变化关系。Still表明仍然延续过去的评价。翻译：杰斐逊把联邦法案称为“关于政府原则的迄今最好的论述”，并且两个世纪之后，联邦法案仍然是关于美国政治哲学的最(印象深刻)的成就。2. The most crucial issue for wildlife in this arid land is unimpeded _ water. ?(A) passage through ?(B) freedom from ?(C) access to ?(D) saturation in ?(E) overflow of ?答案：C解析：该题没有明显线索，完全依靠句义理解。翻译：干旱陆地的野生动物的最关键的问题是能够不受妨碍地(获得)水。3. Freeing embedded fossils from rock has become less_ for paleontologists, who now have tiny vibrating drills capable of working with great speed and delicacy.A. exploratoryB. conclusiveC. tediousD. respectedE. demeaning答案：C解析：时间反义，过去现在不一样A. 挖掘的B. 结论性的C. 繁重冗长的D. 尊敬的E. 贬低的翻译：从岩石中取出镶嵌的化石对于古生物学家已经不那样(繁重), 现在他们有非常细小的震动电钻,能够提高工作的速度与精确度.4. With its large circulation, Essence magazine has enjoyed _， only recently challenged by new publications aggressively seeking female African American readers.A. an aggregationB. an inclinationC. a prognosisD. a retrenchmentE. a preeminence答案：E解析：时间反义,曾经过去A，只有最近BA. 聚集，总合B. 斜坡，爱好C. 预测，预示D. 削减E. 卓越;杰出翻译：拥有大量的发行量, “要素”杂志曾经享有(杰出的地位)，仅仅最近被新出版物所挑战,这些出版物激烈的寻找美国黑人女读者.5. Like many other groups of people in the United States who have needed laws to _equal rights, Americans with disabilities have had to _ legislation addressing their concerns.答案：A F解析：类比结构A 保证B 排除，阻止C 使迷惑D与某人竞争E 制订F 游说翻译：就像其他美国人群需要法律保证平等的权利一样，残疾美国人不得不通过游说说服当权者批准处理他们想法的法律。GRE填空经典题目的练习1、In some cultures the essence of magic is its traditional integrity; it can be efficient only if it has been_without loss from primeval times to the present practitioner.(A) conventionalized(B) realized(C) transmitted(D) manipulated(E) aggrandized分析：空格填入一个动词，作用对象是"它(it)"，也就是"魔术(magic)"，分号表示前后复指，所以空格填上后要表达"传统的完整 (traditional integrity)"的概念。A 使习俗化;B 意识到;C 传送，传输;D 操作;E 增加，夸大。C 选项正确。翻译：在一些文化中，魔术的精华是它传统的完整性;只有当它从古代到今天的从业者都完整地传递下来时它才有效果。扩展：无2、 Certain weeds that flourish among rice crops resist detection until maturity by _ the seedling stage in the rice plants life cycle, thereby remaining indistinguishable from the rice crop until the flowering stage.(A) deterring(B) displacing(C) augmenting(D) imitating(E) nurturing分析：空格填入一个现在分词，表示"某些杂草(some weeds)"对于"幼苗期(seedling stage)"做的动作，thereby 表示前后一致，remaining 表示空格 1 要体现"不容易和水稻区分(indistinguishable from the riccrop)"的含义。A 阻止;B 移动，取代;C 争论;D 模仿;E 养育，培养。D 选项正确。翻译：一些在水稻丛中生长茂盛的杂草要到成熟才会被发现，它们通过模仿水稻生命周期中的幼苗来做到这一点，因此直到开花阶段它们才能和水稻区分开来。扩展：本题可以作为动植物自我保护机制的例子进行积累和扩展，杂草通过模仿(类似动物的拟态)相似的植物来避免自己被发现。我们也可以积累其他动植物进行自我保护的手段和具体的实例。3、 In small farming communities, accident victims rarely sue or demand compensation: transforming a personal injury into a _ someone else is viewed as an attempt to _ responsibility for ones own actions.(A) conspiracy against.assume(B) claim against.elude(C) boon for.minimize(D) distinction for.shift(E) trauma for.proclaim分析：空格 1 填入一个名词+介词的结构，表示对"某些人(someone)"产生的行为，该行为的发出者是"事故的受害人(accident victims)"，承受的"someone"应该是事故的肇事者;分号表示解释关系，所以空格1 要表达和"起诉或要求赔偿(sue or demand compensation)"相同或者相反的含义。A 阴谋，共谋""承担;B 要求得到的东西，主张""躲避，逃避;C 恩惠""最小化;D 差别""转移;E 外伤""宣布，声明。只有 B 选项符合要求。翻译：在小型农业社区中，意外事故的受害者很少起诉或要求补偿：把自己的受伤转化为对别人的(赔偿)要求被认为是企图逃避由于自己的行为而带来的责任。GRE填空经典题目的练习E1The senators remark that she is ambivalent aboutrunning for a second term is _ given the extremely_ fund-raisingactivities of her campaign committee.(A) disingenuous .reluctant(B) futile .clandestine(C) sincere .visible(D) persuasive .apathetic(E) straightforward . energeticE2The senators attempt to convince the public thathe is not interested in running for a second term is_ given theextremely _ fund-raising activities of his campaign committee.(A)futile.clandestine(B)sincere.visible(C)specious.apathetic(D)disingenuous.public(E) straightforward. dubious这是一套著名的同源变体题，这两个题目的特征是一个竞选者首先发表了一些言论，然后考查这些言论和他第二次竞选的关系。我们首先来看第一道题目，前面说她说自己对于下一次选举矛盾的说法是_,考虑到强烈的_ 的筹款。如果说他对下一次选举恨矛盾的说法是真的，那么他一定没有在筹钱;如果他关于下一次选举恨矛盾的说法是假的，那么他肯定是在筹钱。所以我们可以判断出，这两个空格应该是联动的，而且是反义的，可行的组合只有(真的，消极筹款)或者是(假的，积极筹款)那么E1中合适的词语只有D选项，他的说法很哟说服力，也就是真的，apathetic的是一种消极，是第一个组合。如果我们记住了第一题，做E2就会立刻选错，因为在第二题的选项中可行的组合只能是D，变成了(假的，积极筹款)。一个是说真话，一个是说假话。这证明GRE的句子并没有天生确定的答案，完全取决于句子的意思和可能的选项，尤其是在双空题中，两个空格联动的情况在现在的新GRE考试中越来越明显。我们再来看看，这道题的另外两个单空题的变体。E1Give he previouslyexpressed interest and the ambitious tone of her recent speeches, the senatorsattempt to convince the public that she is not interested in running for asecond term is _.(A) laudable(B) likely(C) authentic(D) futile(E) sincereE4The senators attemptto convince the public that she is not interested in running for a second term isas_ as her opponents attempt to disguise his intention to run againsther.(A) biased(B) unsuccessful(C) inadvertent(D) indecisive(E) remote答案是：D B今天回复“新G”来看看新GRE中的逻辑多变是如何体现的。我们再来看一道新GRE考试的题目：Although Emily Bronteis impassioned about gender equality, she is anything but _ to endorsemore privileges endowing to women.A. zealousB. apatheticC. abhorrentD. stubbornE. lethargic解析：我们在强化班中强调过anythingbut 这个词组在题目中见到就直接携程not，所以前面说她虽然impassioned about gender equality(这里impassioned很有迷惑性，注意im-这里并不是否定，而表示加重这样一个前缀，表示的是热情的)，因此虽然她很热情，他一点儿也不_支持赋予女性更多的privileges。因此后面应该填的是一个积极地词汇，与热情形成对比。正确答案选择A热情的。这道题目，很多考生还见过它的变体，如下形式：Although Emily Bronte is little impassioned aboutgender equality, she is anything but _ to endorse more privileges endowingto women.注意，前面看到了little这种否定意义的词要取反，所以这句话说的是他对性别平等并不感冒，所以答案就变成了B或者E的其中一个。这同时也验证了GRE考试不考背景知识，对于EB这个人，他倒地支持还是不支持gender equality 我们做题时一定要本着无从所知的态度，否则很容易栽在自己的自作聪明上。GRE填空句子结构分析内容