新新编国际贸易英语教程chapter.ppt

New International Trade English,新编国际贸易英语教程,Chapter 1 An Introduction to International TradeContents,ObjectivesNEW TERMS Vignette1.1 International Trade1.2 Basic Concepts of International Trade1.3 Economic Globalization,Learning Objectives of Chapter1,Learning objectives To learn the definition of international tradeTo understand the basic concepts in international tradeTo know the link between economic globalization and international trade,Preparation for the unit:,Brainstorming:Work with your group and think out as many words,phrases or expressions as possible about business(trade).,Back,Terms We Should Know in This UNIT A:,资本密集型,土地密集型,劳动密集型,以物易物,双边贸易,多边贸易,专业化,Terms We Should Know in This UNIT B:,贸易保护主义,劳动分工,比较优势,大规模生产,国际贸易,国内生产总值,限额,补贴,贸易壁垒,贸易保护主义政策,Terms We Should Know in This UNIT C,财务状况,外币,汇率,进口,出口,有形产品贸易,无形产品贸易,国际贸易标准分类,知识产权,服务贸易总协定,Terms We Should Know in This UNIT D,与贸易相关的知识产权协定,版权,商标,专利,商业机密,工业设计,直接贸易,间接贸易,过境贸易,过境税,Terms We Should Know in This UNIT E,转口贸易,贸易顺差,贸易逆差,关税,非关税型贸易壁垒,保税仓库,自由贸易区,全球化,经济全球化,经济一体化,Terms We Should Know in This UNIT F,生产要素,多国公司,跨国公司,北美自由贸易协定,对外直接投资,经济集团,关境,经济发展,Vignette,New words and expressions:1 Vignette:a decorative design or small illustration used on the title page of a book or at the beginning or end of a chapter.文字简短优美的)简介;小品文2 capital-intensive products 资本密集型产品3 land-intensive products土地密集型产品4 labor-intensive commodities劳力密集的产品5 finished products成品6 cutting-edge technology尖端技术,Back,Questions:1 Why do modern countries trade with one another?The appearance of international trade arises for many reasons1)The different distribution of the worlds resources determines the patterns of world trade.2)Climate and terrain(地域;地带)affect the cultivation of some agricultural products a nation can produce and trade internationally.3)The skilled workers and capital resources help determine what a nation is able to produce and trade with other nations.4)With the development of manufacturing and technology,there arose another motivation,economic benefit,for nations to trade.,Questions:2 Illustrate what are capital-intensive products,land-intensive products,labor-intensive commodities and list the examples of countries of each type,1.1 International Trade,Terms:Trade vs.barter,Back,1.1 International Trade,Terms:2 International trade vs.Domestic trade:International trade,also called foreign trade,world trade or overseas trade,in essence,is the fair and deliberate exchange of commodity and service across national boundaries.It includes import and export trade operations.The forms of international trade can be listed as followings:Exporting,importing,trading companies,licensing,contract manufacturing,joint ventures and direct investment.,1.1 International Trade,Questions:3 List the differences between international trade and domestic trade,1.1 International Trade,Terms:Trade barrier,112 A brief history of international trade,questions:Why did the international trade flourish within roman empire?1 merchants were able to travel safely and trade with one another.2 the use of common coinage(货币)enabled business transactions to be carried out easily.3 Roman developed a systematic law,central market locations through the founding of cites(1500-World War I western European countries including BritainWorld war II United States),1.1.3 The environment of international trade,1 Political environmentdifferent international trade policiesPolitical stability,2 Economic environmentNew words and expressions:Tariff关税Excise海关price fluctuation 价格波动Question:Explain how tariff,non-tariff barrier and foreign currency influence international trade.,3 cultural environmentHow does the cultural environment influence international trade?4 physical environmentNatural physical features,human-made structures,1.2 Basic concepts of international trade,1.2.1 international trade classification1 import vs.exportI For most nations exports and imports are the most important international activities.Each country has to import the articles and commodities it does not itself produce,and it has to earn foreign exchanges to pay for them.It does this by exporting its own manufactured articles and surplus(过剩,剩余)raw materials.Thus the import and export trades are two sides of the same coin,and both can have beneficial effects on the home market.,Back,1.2 Basic concepts of international trade,1.2.1 international trade classification1 import vs.exportThe factors mean that importing and exporting are subject to a lot of formalities,such as customs entry and exchange control approval,from which the home retail(零售)and wholesale trades are free.They also mean that the procedure of foreign trade is much more complicated than that of domestic trade,the latter involves specialized knowledge and highly trained personnel.,1.2 Basic concepts of international trade,1.2.1 international trade classification1 import vs.exportWhen a company starts to export or sell goods in a new market,they often do some market researches or a preliminary study to see if the project is feasible.They investigate the potential market or do a feasibility study to see if they will make money by selling in the new market.This stage usually includes market research,marketing and promotion and investigation of credit-worthiness of customers.,1.2 Basic concepts of international trade,Specialties involved in export and import transaction1)shipping agents will take responsibility for the documentation and arrange for the goods to be shipped by air,sea,rail or road.2)airlines,shipping lines,railway companies or haulage(拖运费;运输;输送)contractors will actually transport the goods.,1.2 Basic concepts of international trade,Specialties involved in export and import transaction 3)both the importers and exporters banks will be involved in arranging payments.4)an insurance company insures goods in transit.5)a lawyer if a special contract has to be drawn,1.2 Basic concepts of international trade,3.Documents needed in export and import transactionBill of lading(装载货物)(提单)commercial invoice(发票,发货单,货单托运物品)proforma invoice(形式发票,估价发票)consular(领事的；执政官的)invoice,packing list,weight memo,certificate of inspection,certificate of origin,insurance policy,sales contract,sales,1.2 Basic concepts of international trade,1.2.1 international trade classification2 tangible trade vs.intangible trade1)explain what is tangible trade and what is intangible tradetangible trade-visible tradeintangible trade-invisible trade2)According to SITC(Standard International Trade Classification 国际贸易标准分类),the international trade commodities could be classified into 10 categories.List the 10 categories.3)List the 4 categories of services defined by GATS.4)Define Intellectual Property Rights,1.2 Basic concepts of international trade1.2.1 international trade classification,3 Direct trade vs.indirect tradeExplain what is direct trade and what is indirect tradeTry to understand following terms:transit country,transit duty and transit trade;entrepot trade,1.2.2 Important terms about international trade,Try to understand the Important terms about international trade1 favorable balance of trade(贸易顺差)and unfavorable balance of trade(贸易逆差)2 general trade system(一般贸易体系)vs.special trade system(专门贸易体系)3 value of international trade(国际贸易值)vs.quantum of international trade(国际贸易量)4 the commodity composition of international trade(国际贸易商品结构)5 the geographical composition of international trade(国际贸易地理构成)6 the degree of dependence on foreign trade(对外贸易依存度),1.3 Economic Globalization,1.3.1 What is economic globalizationQuestions:1 Explain what is economic globalization.2 Explain the two main components of economic globalization:globalization of markets and the globalization of production3 Explains the phases of globalization4 Explain the PEST Factors of economic globalization5 What are the two macro factors underlie the trend toward globalization?6 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of economic globalization.,Back,1.3 Economic Globalization,1.3.2 International Trade and economic GlobalizationExplain the relation between international trade and economic globalization.1 In a global economy,no nation is self-sufficient.,1.3 Economic Globalization,1.3.2 International Trade and economic GlobalizationExplain the relation between international trade and economic globalization.2 Without international trade,few nations could maintain an adequate standard of living.International trade allows for an enormous variety of resources to be made more widely accessible.It also facilitates the distribution of many different manufactured goods that are produced in different parts of the world.,1.3 Economic Globalization,1.3.2 International Trade and economic GlobalizationExplain the relation between international trade and economic globalization.3 International trade consequently demonstrates the extent of economic globalization with increased spatial interdependencies between elements of the global economy and consequently their level of integration.,Assignment:1 what is international trade?2 Illustrate the relation between international trade and economic globalization.,Thank You,