商务英语阅读上册课件及答案.ppt
Business English Reading Courseware,Book One,Chapter 4,Abstracts from articles on the Main Practices Relating to International Trade国际贸易惯例文摘,made by Wang Jianna,单元教学目的,通过阅读定位文章主旨。,本章阅读技巧提示,如何阅读定位文章主旨？解题时，我们通常采用浏览的方式，仔细选读文章的首尾段和首尾句（包括每一段的首尾句），重点搜索主题线索和脉络。下面阐述五种主题呈现的方式:主题句出现在文首。开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、论证或发展主题思想。这种写作手法叫做演绎法，在英语文章中尤为常见，这种文章的主题句最容易找到，故主题思想显而易见。,主题句出现在文尾。即文章先阐述了细节，然后归纳要点，得出结论，概括主题，叫做归纳写作法，主题句往往位于末段。这一类文章的主题句也很明显，不难找到。在有些文章中，为了突出主题，作者在文章开头提出主题，接着进行阐述或论证，在结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方式也很常见。值得注意的是，前后两个主题句不是简单的重复，再次出现的主题句往往是前面主题句的进一步引申或发展。,文章的开头只是提出一个问题或者貌似正确的观点，而真正的主题则是通过对问题的解析和引申，或是通过责问和驳论的方式导出主题。主题句隐含在全文当中，没有明确的主题句。阅读这样的文章，要求考生根据文章的细节来分析、概括推导出文章的主题。具体方法是：首先弄清楚各个段落讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，寻找共同点,然后加以归纳形成主题。,Step One,First,read Material One under teachers instructions.Then teacher gives hints or tips for reading.Finally,teacher checks the answers and gives explanations.,If youre involved in international business,they should be part of your daily vocabulary.But mention Incoterms to a colleague or acquaintance and the response youre likely to get is Inco-WHATS?Unfortunately,the Incotermsa set of internationally recognized terms of sale-are not as well known or widely used in North America as they should be,considering the benefits they offer to companies engaged in world trade.,The Incoterms were created in 1936 by the Paris-based International Chamber of Commerce(ICC).Today,they continue to facilitate international trade by providing voluntary rules for interpreting the rights and obligations of buyers and sellers under international sales contracts.The Incoterms represent 13 different international trade scenarios.Each term specifies whether the buyer or the seller is responsible for arranging such necessities as export licenses,customs clearance,insurance,inspections,and other obligations.,They specify at which point the risk of loss and/or damage passes from seller to buyer as well as which party pays for specific activities.A buyer and seller who conduct their purchase and sale under one of the Incoterms,therefore,will have a mutual understanding of their rights,costs,and obligations regardless of differences in language and local business practices.Because the business of international trade is ever changing,the ICC updates and amends the Incoterms whenever necessary.,This years revision-Incoterms 2000-promises to make the terms easier for exporters and importers to understand and use.The Incoterms 2000 revision took nearly two years to complete and included input from international traders,academics,and legal experts from more than 100 countries,says trade expert Frank Reynolds.Reynolds is author of the book Incoterms for Americans and was a member of the five-person working group that drafted the revision.,Clarification and accessibility,Reynolds says,are the hallmarks of this years revision.There is a greater consistency in language.For example,we tried to use the same words rather than similar ones.while taking into account linguistic differences in British and American English that could affect the meaning,he notes.The writing style is simpler and more straightforward than in previous versions.These improvements are designed to make the terms more easily understood worldwide.,To make them even more accessible,the Incoterms-for the first time-will be translated into 20 languages,in addition to the official English.Incoterms 2000 also tries to instill clarity by defining the meaning and usage of such terms as shipper and customs clearance,a feature that was absent from earlier versions.Another improvement is that the authors used the same expressions that appeared in the 1980 United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods.,That harmonizes the two most important standards for international contracts and establishes a clear relationship between the Incoterms and U.N.approved practices.,Step Two,Students read Material Two themselves firstly.Then teacher checks the answers without giving explanations.,vocabulary,1.scenarios n.情节,情况2.amend v.修改3.hallmark n.纯度标记,标志,特征4.harmonize v.协调,使和谐5.stipulate v.规定,6.reversal n.翻转,倒转 7.quay n.码头pliance n.顺从,遵从,灵活9.freight forwarders n.货运代理10.nominate v.指定,11.columnist n.专栏作家12.alongside adv.在旁边 13.ABN（abbr.）airborne a.空运的14.tutorial n.指南,教程,辅导班 15.irrevocable a.不可撤销的,16.confirm v.确认17.receipt n.收据18.Ex Point of Origin（陈旧术语）产地交货pliance n.顺从,遵从20.Miami n.美国南部港市迈阿密,单元注释,1.International Chamber of Commerce（ICC）国际商会2.INCOTERM 2000 国际贸易术语解释2000通则3.United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale Of Goods 联合国国际货物销售合同公约,4.Carriage and Insurance Paid(CIP)贸易术语，运费保险费已付至目的地 5.Carriage Paid To(CPT)贸易术语，运费付至目的地 6.Uniform Commercial Code(UCC)统一商法典 在总结所有商业制定法的基础上，从理论上对其加以改善，它取代了关于买卖、票据、批发、仓单、提单和担保交易等旧的法律。,7.Pty.Ltd.一般指私人有限公司，不是上市公司的公司，在澳洲其名称全以这样的形式结尾。这种公司没有注册资金的要求。8.Aussie Products 澳洲土特产。aussi是“Australian”的简称，有时也指澳大利亚人，澳大利亚土著居民。,9.Austrade 澳大利亚贸易委员会。是澳大利亚政府的官方贸易及投资促进机构，是处理外交事务和贸易的法定机构。澳大利亚贸易委员会宗旨：帮助澳大利亚出口商将他们的产品和服务带入国外市场，并促进双向投资。Austrade在全球61个国家设有109个办事处，包括遍及澳大利亚各地的广泛联络网。10.Air Consignment Note(ACN)空运托运单,11.Free Carrier(FCA)贸易术语，意为货交承运人。它是指卖方只要将货物在出口国指定的地点交给买方指定的承运人，并办理出口清关手续，就算完成交货义务。该术语可用于各种运输方式，包括多式联运。相对于传统的FOB术语，对卖方有交货早、结汇早、风险小、适用运输方式多的优点。,12.Free Alongside Ship（FAS)装运港船边交货价。是指卖方在装运港将货物放置码头或驳船上靠船边，即履行了交货义务，又称“靠船价格”。这是指买方必须自该时刻起，负担一切费用和货物灭失或损坏的一切风险。根据2010通则，FAS术语要求卖方办理货物出口清关。本术语只适用于海运或内河运输的国际贸易。,13.Delivered Ex Quay(DEQ)目的港码头交货。是指卖方在指定的目的港码头将货物交给买方处置，不办理进口清关手续，即完成交货。卖方应承担将货物运至指定的目的港并卸至码头的一切风险和费用。14.North American Free Trade Agreement 北美自由贸易协定,练习答案,【材料一】.1.A 2.C 3.D 4.D.1.B 2.A 3.A 4.C 5.C,【材料二】,1.D 2.A 3.C 4.F 5.G,【材料三】,1.C 2.A 3.A 4.D 5.B 6.C 7.D,【材料四】,1.A 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.B,【单元弹性练习一】,1.A 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.D 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.A 10.B 11.C 12.D 13.A 14.C 15.A,【单元弹性练习二】,1.THE 2.IN 3.CORRECT 4.LIKE 5.AN 6.THAT 7.WHICH 8.WHAT 9.BEING 10.IT 11.BE 12.CORRECT,Class is over.,Thanks for your attention.,
