名词性从句翻译.ppt

EST Translation,Unit 12 名词性从句的翻译,从句的类型,English subordinate clauses are classified into six groups：subject clause（主语从句）object clause（宾语从句）predicative clause（表语从句）appositive clause（同位语从句）attributive clause（定语从句）adverbial clause（状语从句）,名词性从句,Translation of Nominal Clause（名词性从句）,Since the first four of them（subject clause,object clause,predicative clause,appositive clause）function as nouns in a complex sentence,they are generally called nominal clauses.从句在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或是同位语。,EX1:What was once regarded as impossible has now become a reality.EX2：When we will begin to work has not been decided yet.EX3:Where you stumble becomes your opportunity to make corrections,to learn and grow.EX4:Whoever comes to our public reference library will be welcome.（许建平，2008V2：134）,译文：EX1:过去认为不可能的事现在已经成为现实。EX2:什么时候开始工作还没决定呢。EX3:跌倒的地方就是你改正错误、吸取教训、迅速成长的地方。EX4:谁到我们公共参考图书馆来都欢迎。,1.主语从句,EX5:It is frequently the case that his car breaks down on the highway.EX6：It is frequently said that computers solve problems only because they are“programmed”to do so.（许建平，2008V2：134）EX7:It doesnt make much diffeence whether he attends the meeting or not.(同上)EX8:It worried her much that her daughter should stay up so late.,译文：EX5：他的车在路上抛锚，这是常有的事儿。EX6:人们常说，电脑之所以能解决问题，知识只是因为它们给输入了解决问题的“程序”。EX7:他参不参加会议都没多大关系。EX8:她很担忧，她女儿竟然很晚都不睡觉。,1.主语从句,EX1:I told him that I had to turn him down.EX2:Scientists are afraid that one day an even bigger earthquake will hit the area around San Francisco.（许建平，2008V2：135）EX3:He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal.EX4:To most people it is not easy to explain why Einsteins theory eventually shook the whole scientific and intellectual world.,译文：EX1:我告诉他我不得不拒绝他。EX2:科学家担心有朝一日旧金山周围地区还会发生更大的地震。EX3:他已经通知我他们将在什么时候谈论我的建议。EX4:为什么爱因斯坦的学说最后震撼了整个科学界和思想界，这对大多数人是难以解释清楚的。,2.宾语从句,EX 5:I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 oclock in the morning.EX 6:I leave it to your own judgment whether you should do it.EX 7:I think it quite true that he ventured out to Shangri-la.EX 8:What they were asked to do in 10 days,they finished in two.,译文：EX 5:我向他们讲清楚了的，他们必须在上午十时前交卷。EX 6:我让你自己判断，这件事该不该做。EX 7:他又冒险去香格里拉了，我觉得这件事千真万确。EX 8:让他们十天做的事，他们两天就做完了。,2.宾语从句,EX1:This is where the shoe pinches.（许建平，2008V2：135）EX2:What he emphasized again and again was that no matter how difficult it might be,they should never retreat even for an inch.EX3:The question remains whether we can win the majority of the people.EX4:Raw material is what we are badly in need of.,译文：EX1:这就是问题的症结所在。（许建平，2008V2：135）EX2:他再三强调的就是，不管多困难，决不后退半步。EX3:问题是我们能否赢得大多数人民群众的支持。EX4:我们急需的是原料。,3.表语从句,EX5:This is what he is eager to do.EX6：Things are not always as they seem to be.（许建平，2008V2：135）EX7:That is why we decided to put the discussion offEX8:Their advantage is that they can provide the necessary hardness with simple heat treatments and retain that hardness at higher operating temperatures.。（材料科学与工程丛书，哈尔滨工业大学出版社，2001：7）,译文：EX5:这就是他所渴望做的。EX6：事务并不总是如其表象。（许建平，2008V2：135）EX7:这就是我们坚决推迟讨论的原因。/我们推迟讨论的原因就在于此。EX8:它们的优点是通过简单的热处理能够提供必要的硬度，并且在高温下保持此硬度。（材料科学与工程丛书，哈尔滨工业大学出版社，2001：7）,3.表语从句,同位语：两个指同一事物的句子成分在同等位置，一个句子成分可被用来解释和说明另一句子成分，同位语通常由名词或代词担任。同位语从句的形式与定语从句相似。二者之前都有先行词，但同位语从句与先行词同位或等同，定语从句则与先行词是修饰关系。同位语从句的先行词多为：belief，fact，hope，idea，doubt，news，rumor，conclusion，evidence，suggestion，problem，order，answer，decision，discovery，explanation，information，knowledge，law，opinion，truth，promise，report，thought，statement，rule，possibility,4.同位语从句,EX1:We are not investigating the question whether he is trustworthy.EX2:There is possibility that he is a spy.,译文：EX1：我们不是在调查他是否可以信任的问题。EX2：有可能他是一个间谍。,4A 保持原文的语序,EX3:He expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again.（许建平，2008V2：135）EX4:The rumor that prices were going to rise led to a rush on the shops.,译文：EX3：他表示期望能再来中国访问。（许建平，2008V2：135）EX4：物价即将上涨的谣言引发了商品的抢购风。,4A 保持原文的语序,EX5:Then came the question where we could stay for night.EX6:This thought came to him that maybe he had left his keys in the bedroom.EX7：He gave the order that all the prisoners be set free.,译文：EX5:接下来就是我们在哪里过夜的问题。EX6:他突然想起他可能把钥匙遗忘在卧室里了。EX7:他命令释放所有的犯人。,4B 译为类似定语的结构或独成一句,EX8：Therefore,the different rate of the pearlite transformation at various degrees of undercooling is due to the fact that undercooling differently affects the rate of nucleation N and the rate of crystal growth G.。（材料科学与工程丛书，哈尔滨工业大学出版社，2001：19）,译文：EX8-V1：因此，在不同过冷度下珠光体转变速率不同是由于过冷度对晶体成核速率和长大速率的影响不同造成的。（材料科学与工程丛书，哈尔滨工业大学出版社，2001：19）EX8-V2：因此，在不同过冷度下珠光体转变速率不同是由于过冷度对成核速率N和晶体增长速率G的影响不同这一事实造成的。,4B 译为类似定语的结构或独成一句,EX9：But considering realistically,we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good.（许建平，2008V2：136）EX10：We have reached the conclusion that practice is the criterion for testing truth.,译文：EX9：但在实事求是地考虑一番之后，我们不得不正视这样的事实：我们的前景并不妙。（许建平，2008V2：136）EX10：我们已经得出这样的结论：实践是检验真理的标准。,4C加入冒号、破折号和“这样”、“这一”、“即”等,EX11：The fact that the gravity of the earth pulls everything towards the center of the earth explains many things.（Ditto）EX12：Not long ago,the scientists made an exciting discovery that this waste material could be turned into plastics.（Ditto）,译文：EX11：地球引力把一切东西都吸引向地心这一事实解释了许多现象。（同上）EX12：不久前，科学家们获得一个令人振奋的发现，即可以把这种废物变成塑料。（同上）,4C加入冒号、破折号和“这样”、“这一”、“即”等,EX13：Even the most precisely conducted experiments offer no hope that the result can be obtained without any error.EX14：However,the writng of chemical symbols in the form of an equation does not give any assurance that the reaction shown will actually occur.,译文：EX13：即使是最精确的实验，也没有希望获得无任何误差的实验结果。（许建平，2008V2：136）EX14：但是，将化学符号写成反应式，并不意味着所表示的反应确实会发生。,4D译成汉语的无主句或其他表达方式,EX15：An order has been given that the researchers who are now in the skylab should be sent back.（许建平，2008V2：136）,译文：EX15：已命令将现在仍在太空实验室的研究人员送回地球。（许建平，2008V2：136）,4D改变原文的同位语结构，用汉语的无主句或其他方式,Translation Practice,1、心脏为一肌肉泵，它通过心肌收缩和舒张这一连续不断的自动过程每分钟大约搏动72下。,Translation Practice,The heart,which is a muscular pump,beats about 72 times a minute through a continuous and automatic process of muscular contraction and relaxation.,Translation Practice,2、心脏约有一只拳头那么大，重约9至11盎司，位于两肺之间，略偏于左方。,Translation Practice,It is about the size of a fist,weighs about 9 to 11 ounces and is placed snugly between the lungs,a little more to the left than to the right.,Translation Practice,3、一道膈膜穿过心脏中间，把心脏分成左右两个部分，两个部分同时活动但却处理着两种不同类型的血液。,Translation Practice,A partition runs down the centre of the heart,dividing it into left and right sections which work at the same time but deal with two different types of blood.,Translation Practice,4、每个部分又可分为上下两个部分，即心房与心室。,Translation Practice,4.Each section is again divided into upper and lower parts,the auricles and ventricles.,Translation Practice,5、血液在周身循环的过程中被依次压入心脏的四个腔室中。,Translation Practice,The blood is pumped through all four chambers in turn in the course of being circulated through all parts of the body.,Translation Practice,6、心脏的首要目的是源源不断地为身体所有的细胞提供氧气，并将二氧化碳收回肺里。,Translation Practice,The hearts first purpose is to supply a steady flow of oxygen to all the body cells and to return carbon dioxide to the lungs.,Translation Practice,7、血液在循环途中将溶解了的食物分配到身体各个部位，同时将废物带走。,Translation Practice,7.On its journey the blood distributes dissolved foods and carries away wastes.,