被动语态基本用法.ppt
What is the Passive Voice?,被动语态基本用法当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。,英语动词有两种语态：主动语态(the Active Voice)被动语态(the Passive Voice),A.主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。,B.被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。,We planted the tree.,The tree was planted by us.,We speak English.,主语,谓语,宾语,English is spoken by us.,主语,谓语,宾语,主动语态,被动语态,They cleaned the classroom yesterday.昨天我们打扫了教室。The classroom was cleaned by them yesterday.昨天教室被我们打扫了。,何时使用被动语态呢？一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如：Football is played all over the world 二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如：My bike was stolen我的自行车被盗了。,三、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如：It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and It was reported that her mother died of SARS.众所周知 It is well known that 据推测说 It is supposed that,四、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。例如：Tina is asked to come by PaulTina是被Paul叫来的。五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如：He was born in October，1989,the Structure is,助动词be+及物动词的过去分词(be+V.P.P),1.规则动词的过去分词：,1)一般情况在动词原形后加-ed,watch-watched,2)以不发音e结尾的加-d,practice-practiced,3)以辅音加y结尾的，去y变i加-ed,study-studied,4)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed,stop-stopped,2.不规则动词的过去分词：,am,is,are,been,have,has,had,do,done,write,written,go,gone,2)被动语态的结构：被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成，助动词be有人称、数的变化,其变化规则与be作为连系动词时一样。如：The desk is made of wood.The desks are made of wood.He is asked a question by the teacher.I was given a nice present by my friend yesterday.,在改写中应注意：1.把原来的宾语提到前面作被动语态的主语;2.把动词变成“be+过去分词”;3.主动语态中的主语变为介词by的宾语。,典型题例例1 将下列句子改为被动语态。We clean our classroom every day.Our classroom is cleaned(by us)every day.,主变被解题步骤:,1.找宾语-即动作的承受者,They make shoes in that factory.,Shoes,2.判断宾语的单复数-即be动词的单复数.,arewere,3.判断动词的时态-即be动词的时态.,4.修改谓语的时态-即原句动词改为过去分词,made,5.修改原句的主语-即by+主语.,by them.,Tom broke the window.The window was broken by Tom.,Tom broke the windows.The windows were broken by Tom.,He broke the windows.The windows were broken by him.,1.They make shoes in that factory.主语+及物动词+宾语,Shoes are made(by them)in that factory.一般现在时：S(主语）+am/is/are(not)+过去分词,变为被动语态,He rides the motorbike to his factory every day.,The motorbike is ridden to his factory(by him)every day.,We call the snowman Mr Strong.,The snowman is called Mr Strong(by us).,A computer is used in our class every day.,computer,use,class,2.They bought ten computers last year,Ten computers were bought(by them)last year.一般过去时：S+was/were(not)+过去分词,He bought his friend some fruits yesterday.,His friend was bought some fruits(by him)yesterday.,Some fruits were bought for his friend(by him)yesterday.,bank,rob yesterday,man-made satellite,send up,space,last year,A man-made satellite was sent up into space last year.,The bank was robbed yesterday.,3Amy can take good care of the cat,The cat can be taken good care of by Amy.情态动词：S+can/may/must/should(not)+be+过去分词,He can carry the basket easily.,The basket can be easily carried by him.,They can sing some beautiful songs.,Some beautiful songs can be sung by them.,“We must put them in the fridge.”The dogs thought.,“They must be put in the fridge(by us).”The dogs thought.,4.They will finish the work in ten days.,The work will be finished(by them)in ten days.一般将来时：S+will+(not)be+过去分词,They will have a show tomorrow.,A show will be had(by them)tomorrow.,send to,hospital,right now,a talk,give,soon,They will be sent to the hospital right now.,A talk will be given soon.,_ this house_(sell)by the King?The little girl is so prettythat she _(admire)by all people when she grows up.,Will be sold,will be admired,The streets_(light)by electricity.I _(not invite)to tomorrows wedding.,will be lit,will/shall not be invited,will not be done 否定结构,Dogs will not be allowed to enter your classroom.,allow,smoking,stadium,allow,Smoking will not be allowed in the stadium.,Rewrite the letter in future Passive Voice,will(not)be done,The Olympic Game will be held in London.Many things _(do)for the Game.30 billion yuan _on the projects.An Olympic Village_for the athletes and some hotels_for the visitors to stay in.The roads _(make)wider and better and trees and flowers _along the roads.The new Stadiums will be completed(complete)before 2012.Many volunteers_(train)for the game.,will be done,will be spent,will be built,will be built,will be,made,will be planted,will be trained,Many policemen _(send)keep order.During the 2012 Olympic Game,the best athletes _(choose)to compete and they _(encourage)to do their best.,will be sent,will be chosen,will be encouraged,dirty river,polluted air(受污染的),crowded hospital(拥挤的）,too many cars,traffic jams(塞车）,crowded classroom（拥挤的）,few trees,What will be done to make Ruian more beautiful and attractive(吸引人的）?,will(not)be done,parking places,increasecars,decrease,water,clean,trees,plant,schools,set up,hospitals,build,road,widen,
