虚拟语气和倒装.ppt
虚拟语气的几种特殊用法,1.连词if 的省略if 虚拟条件句中有should,had 或were时，if 可以省略，将should,had 或were放在句首。如：Had I worked hard,I would have surely succeeded.如果我当时努力学习的话，我当然会成功的。Were she my daughter,I wouldnt allow her to study abroad.如果她是我的女儿，我就不让她出国学习了。,2 混合虚拟语气有时条件从句和结果主句所表示的时间不一致，这就要求主从句的时态根据实际的时间概念来确定。如：If she had followed the teachers advice,she would be success all right now.如果当时她听老师的话，她现在就成功了。,3 含蓄条件句含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的条件句。常用来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有：（1）介词（短语），主要有but for,without等。如：But for your help,I couldnt finish the work on time.要不是你的帮助，我不可能按时完成工作。Without electricity,there would not be modern industry.没有电，就没有现代工业。（2）通过上下文，句中往往有 otherwise,or等词。如：I was very busy yesterday.Otherwise I would have come to see you.我昨天很忙，要不然我就来看你了。,4.只保留从句的虚拟语气这种从句常表示一种不可能实现的愿望，常用if only 引导。如：If only I hadnt wasted the time in high school.我要是上中学时没有荒废时间就好了。,5.表示“建议、命令、要求、坚决做”等的虚拟语气表示“建议、命令、要求、坚决做”等动词的宾语从句常用“（should）+动词原形”虚拟结构。表示“决定”、“主张”的动词主要有decide,insist,persist等；表示“要求”、“建议”、“命令”的动词主要有demand,desire,require,request,propose,suggest,command,order 等。如：My parents advise I not watch TV too much.我父母劝我不要看太多的电视。The people in the stadium all persisted that James not present again.所有到球场的人都强烈坚持詹姆斯不能再出场了。,由以上这些词变形的adj.和n.后的从句也用虚拟 It is suggested that we should have a meeting on Wednesday.The suggestion is that we should have a meeting on Wednesday.某些adj.后的从句也用虚拟 It is necessary/natural/important/strange that sb should do sth.,6.wish,as if,would rather that,If only后接从句如果是对现在的虚拟，用一般过去时I wish I were a scientist.如果是对过去的虚拟，用过去完成时I would rather you had told him the news yesterday.,倒装,倒装的目的：语法结构的需要：通常疑问句、there be 结构等需要用倒装句。例如：There is a bridge across the river.河上有座桥。Where are you going?你上哪去？语法修饰的需要：倒装句可以起强调作用，加强语气。例如：Up went the model plane.那架航模飞机飞起来了。（强调状语）,、部分谓语（情态动词、助动词、连系动词）在前，谓语的主体部分仍在主语之后的句子，叫部分倒装句。Only then did he realize that he was wrong.,英语倒装句分为两种：、整个谓语在前的句子，叫完全倒装。Here comes the car.,一、完全倒装,句首有 here,there,out,in,up,down,off,away 等表示地点，方位的副词时：Out rushed a cat from under the table.从桌子底下窜出一只猫来。There goes the bell.铃响了。Up went the prices.价格上涨。The door opened and in came Mr.Smith,our headmaster.,注：人称代词不倒装Here you are.There he goes.,介词短语表方位放句首From a speaker on the wall comes the doctors voice.On the ground lay a goat.,谓语通常是be,stand,sit,lie 等动词。,表语提前，为了保持句子平衡Gone are the days when Chinese people used foreign oil.Such is the case.,在某些祝愿句中。,Long live the Peoples Republic of China!May you succeed.,二、部分倒装,用于省去if 的虚拟条件句中Were there no air or water,there would be no life in the world.在以so,nor,neither 开头的句子里He can swim.So can she.He didnt smoke,nor did he drink.,当前面的句子中主语、谓语或肯否定形式不同时，则用so it is with.句型来表示。Tom likes singing,but he doesnt like dancing.So it is with Mary.Tom is clever and he studies hard.So it is with Mary.,如果后一个句子只是单纯的重复前面 句子的意思，则不倒装。“It is hot today.”“So it is.”“He finished it on time.”“So he did.”,在下列否定或半否定副词，连词，词组放句首作状语表示强调时。,never,hardly,scarcely,seldom,little,barely,rarely,few,little，nowhere,not until（只倒主句）by no means,at no time,in no way,not a，Hardly when,No sooner.than,（只倒主句，主句一般用过去完成时而从句用过去时。）neither nor（两个都倒）not only（只倒前面）,当这些词作形容词修饰主语时且置句首时，句子不倒装。Little work was done yesterday,Neither has he called on her,nor will he do so.,但是当连接主语时不倒装 Not only he but also I have kept the secret.,only修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放于句首时，主句要倒装.,Only then did I know I was wrong Only in this way can you hope to improve your English.Only when the war was over in 1949 was he able to get back home.,注：only 修饰主语时，不倒装.Only he can do this work.,sothat/suchthat中 so+adj./adv或such提前到句首时，此部分用倒装语序.（例9）,So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.In such a hurry did he leave that he forget to lock the door.,在以often,always,once,many a time,now and then,every other day,等作状语的频度副词位于句首时。,Often did I speak of him before.Many a time has he helped me with my experiment.,as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装语序,n(不带冠词)/adj/adv/v+as+subject+be/情态动词,Child as he is,he knows a lot about the world.,=Though he is a child,he knows a lot about the world.,Young as he is,he knows more than you.,单数可数名词作表语提前不用冠词,
