存储和搬运系统.ppt

11-1,存储和搬运系统The Storage and Handling System,Chapter 11,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,“The day soldiers(subordinates)stop bringing you their problems is the day you have stopped leading them.”Colin Powell,11-2,产品计划三角形Product in the Planning Triangle,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,库存战略,预测,客户服务目标,采购和供应时间决策,存储基础知识,存储决策,产品,物流服务,订单管理和信息系统,库存决策,运输战略,运输基础知识,运输决策,选址战略,选址决策,网络规划流程,11-3,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,Storage Fundamentals in Inventory Strategy,11-4,11.1存储系统的必要性,除了客户服务是值得关注的:,存储是一种经济上的便利，而不是必须的。,存储和物料搬运成本具有经济上的合理性，因为它们能平衡运输和生产-采购成本。,企业可以避免因需求模式不确定和产品多样性造成的产出水平的大幅度波动。,11-5,11.2存储原因,Reasons for storage,降低运输成本和生产成本,协调供求,生产需要,营销需要,11-6,存储系统The Storage System,Except where customer service is a concern:,Storage is an economic convenience,not a necessity,Reasons for storage,Transportation and production costs can be reduced,Better coordination of supply and demand,Storage can be an integral part of the production process,Storage may enhance sales,Storage Functions,Holding,Consolidation,Break-bulk,Mixing(merge-in-transit),11-7,11.3.1 储存功能1.储存2.集中3.拆装4.混装,11.3 存储系统的功能,Storage Functions,整合仓库Consolidation Warehouse,Similar to a merge-in-transit facility,11-6,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,Distribution warehouse,Manufacturer,Customer B,Customer C,Customer A,Low rate TL shipment,LTL,LTL,Distribution,Break Bulk,or Pool Point Warehouse,Warehouse may or may not hold inventories,11-7,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,Storage Cost Savings,Direct shipments to customers,11-8,Storage Cost Savings(Contd),Shipments through a distribution center,11-9,11-12,1.装货和卸货2.货物入库和出库3.订单履行,11.3.2 物料搬运功能,11-13,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,11.4 存储类型,Storage Space Alternatives,Ownership,Leasing,Rental,In,-,transit,Note Storage functions are performed in an attempt to reduce transportation,production,and purchasing costs,which justify their added expense.,11-14,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,11.4.1自营仓库,（1）存储费用比租借或租赁仓库要低。（2）能更大程度地控制存储运作，有助于确保存储的高效率和高水平服务。（3）可设置专门设备（4）拥有房地产可产生增值收益（5）仓库空间在未来的某个时间可转为他用，如改为生产设施（6）仓库空间可作为销售部门、自营车队、运输部门和采购部门的服务基地。,11-15,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,11.4.2短期租用仓库,1.仓库种类（1）农产品仓库（2）散货仓库（3）温控仓库（4）家居用品仓库（5）杂货仓库（6）微型仓库,11-16,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,11.4.2短期租用仓库,2.内在优点（1）没有固定投资（2）降低成本（3）选址灵活,11-17,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,Manufacturer A,Manufacturer A&B,Manufacturer A,B&C,Manufacturer A,B,C&D,Percentage of usable warehouse capacity,Time,months,Balancing the Load on a Public Warehouse,0,20,40,60,80,100,120,J,F,M,A,M,J,J,A,S,O,N,D,可用仓容量的百分比,11-18,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,11.4.2短期租用仓库,3.服务 保税存储是针对政府征税的一些特定商品的处理办法。保税的概念也适用于进入国境的内销产品或外销产品。基层存储是公共仓库经营人帮助货主增加运营资本的一种方法。库存现货是与订单履行有关的多个活动的集合名词，也是拆装功能的延伸。公共仓库经营人可以协助企业控制库存。可以提供订单跟踪服务。,11-19,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,11.4.3长期租赁仓库,租赁的存储空间可以从多种途径获得。首先，公共仓库经营人可能会提出延长存储空间的租用期。其次，生产商可能有未充分利用的自营仓库出租；最后，自营仓库所有者可能会发现将其自由的仓库出售，再从买主处重新租回，对自己更有利。,11-20,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,11.4.4在途存储,在途存储是指货物处于运输途中在运载工具上的时间。这是一种特殊的存储形式，需要与运输方式或者运输服务的选择相协调。,11-21,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,空间比较Space Comparison,自营仓库Ownership alternative,高利用率低花费Less expensive under high utilization高度的操作控制权High degree of control over operations不动产所有权Benefits of real estate ownership空间不仅用于存储Space may be converted to uses other than storage,租赁仓库Rental alternative,没有固定投资No fixed investment在季节性或者低利用率时有较低成本Lower cost under seasonal or low utilization of an owned facility位置灵活Location flexibility,11-22,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,Space Comparison,Ownership alternative,Less expensive under high utilizationHigh degree of control over operationsBenefits of real estate ownershipSpace may be converted to uses other than storage,Rental alternative,No fixed investmentLower cost under seasonal or low utilization of an owned facilityLocation flexibility,11-23,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,11.5物料搬运系统The Materials Handling System,物料搬运的目标以成本为中心，即降低搬运成本，提高仓库利用率。物料搬运效率的改善主要与四个问题有关：成组化搬运、仓库的布局、存储设备的选择以及搬运设备的选择。,11-24,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,11.5物料搬运系统The Materials Handling System,物料搬运功能,装载和卸载,存入或取出Movement to and from storage,完成订单Order filling,Loading and unloading,11-25,物料搬运必须遵循的基本原则：物料搬运的经济程度与货物的规模呈正比。即货物的规模越大，存储一定量的货物所需搬运的次数越少，运作就越经济。,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,11.5.1 成组化搬运,11-26,1.托盘化托盘是一个可移动的平台，其制作材料通常为木板或者瓦楞纸板，货物在运输或储存时可以堆码在托盘上。托盘有不同的尺寸。托盘的使用增加了物料搬运系统的成本项目，因此使用托盘必须以实现成本节约为原则。,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,11.5.1 成组化搬运,11-27,2.集装箱化集装箱是实现成组化装运、协调物料搬运系统的理想工具。集装箱的标准化程度是集装箱能否被使用的关键。,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,11.5.1 成组化搬运,11-28,1.存储区设计2.拣货区设计最简单的拣货区布局就是利用现有的存储区域，只是在必要时对堆码高度、相对于出库站台的存货位置、货位的尺寸加以调节以提高效率。另一种布局方案是根据存储货位在仓库的主要功能进行设置。,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,11.5.2 仓库布局,11-29,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,A Low Throughput,Holding Warehouse,Product,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,Semi-permanent storage bay,Product,Order picking and product mixing bays,Inbound,Outbound,A,B,C,D,C,A,Replenishment,Order-picking route,A High Throughput,Distribution Warehouse,11-13,11-31,货架可能是最重要的存储辅助设备其他包括货架箱、水平和垂直的衬板，U型架等。,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,11.5.3 选择存储设备,11-32,1.手工搬运设备2.动力辅助设备3.全自动化设备,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,11.5.4 选择搬运设备,11-33,Order PickingArea System,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,Order PickingModified Area System,11-16,11-35,An Automated Warehouse,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,11-36,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,The Materials Handling System,Materials Handling Functions,Loading and unloading,Movement to and from storage,Order filling,11-37,11.6 存储系统成本和费率,1.公共存储成本因素：存储费、搬运费和附加费用。按次收费按商品实际占用的存储空间计收费用。按仓库租赁协议，及仓库人员提供搬运服务的合同计收费用。,11-38,11.6 存储系统成本和费率,2.租赁仓库、手工搬运将租赁仓库与手工物料搬运设备结合在一起。,11-39,11.6 存储系统成本和费率,3.自营存储，托盘-叉车搬运在自营仓库的运作中，由于物料搬运设备机械化程度很高，经营自有仓库的直接成本很低，所以意味着可变成本很低。只有在货流量很大是，该存储系统才是经济可行的。,11-40,11.6 存储系统成本和费率,4.自营存储，全自动化搬运设备如果仓库的吞吐量很大，使用全自动搬运设备的自营仓库可能使得单位产出的成本最低。,11-41,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,存储处理系统Storage/Handling Systems,人工处理系统Manual handling system 叉车托盘系统Forklift truck-pallet system 传送带系统Conveyorized system自动化存储和分拣系统 Automated storage and retrieval system,11-42,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,Storage/Handling Systems,Manual handling system Forklift truck-pallet system Conveyorized system Automated storage and retrieval system,11-43,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,Economics of Storage/Handling Alternatives,11-44,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,11.7虚拟仓储Virtual Warehousing,不持有公司仓库所需销售的所有存货直接从供货商选择物资减少库存投资需要一流的订单管理系统可能需要与供应商分享关键信息,11-45,CR(2004)Prentice Hall,Inc.,Virtual Warehousing,Dont hold all inventories needed for sale in companys warehouseShip selected items directly from suppliersReduces investment in inventoriesRequires a first-rate order management systemMay require sharing critical information with vendors,