高二英语必修四第二单元语法课件.ppt

Useful structure(30m),the use of-ing form,一、动名词的形式,二、功能及用法(作主语),1作主语.动名词作主语时，句子有三种形式：动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。1)捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的._ is something we should never do2)学习新单词对我来说非常重要。_ is very important for me3)说比做容易。_ is easier than doing.,Playing tricks on others,Learning new words,Talking,用形式主语it，把真正的主语动名词结构移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词，如useful，useless，good，fun；no use，worth等。如：1)Its worth making the effort 这事值得去做。2)和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。_ with Shylock3)想再解释一次有好处吗?_4)跟你在一起工作是令人愉快的。_,二、功能及用法(作主语),It is useless trying to argue,Is it any good trying to explain?,It is pleasant working with you,在there be结构中作主语，这种结构的意思相当于“It is impossible to do”如：1)There is no hiding of evil but not to do it 若要人不知，除非己莫为。2)这种事开不得玩笑。Here is _ about such matter.3)无法知道他什么时候离开。There was _ when he would leave.,二、功能及用法(作主语),no joking,no knowing,动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别：动名词表示的动作通常是一个泛指的动作，不定式则通常表示具体的动作。如：1)还是个孩子的时侯，她就觉得探视病人是一种责任，也是一种愉悦。As a child，she felt that _ was a duty and a pleasure2)到美国人家里做客对我来说将是一个极好的经历。_ in an American home will be a good experience for me.,二、功能及用法(作主语),visiting sick people,To be a guest,3)一直不做就是作恶。_is doing ill4)他说：“继续这样下去是无用的。”He said，“To go on like this is no use”5)我很荣幸被邀请参加这个晚会。Its an honor for me to be invited to the party,在实际运用中，一般两者可以互换，差异不大，但下列情况不能互换,Doing nothing,二、功能及用法(作主语),常用-ing形式作主语的句型有：It+be+a waste of time doing 做是浪费时间的It is/was no good/use doing 做是没用处的It is/was hardly/scarcely worth doing 做不值得It is/was worth/worthwhile doing 做是值得的There is no doing 无法，不允许There is no sense in doing 做没有道理There is/was no use doing 干无意义 There is/was nothing worse than doing 没有比更糟的There is/was no point doing 干无意义,二、功能及用法(作主语),我们不知道要去哪儿。There was no knowing where we would go.做这件傻事毫无意义。_,注意：There is no need to do sth 干没必要，在此句式中to do 不可换为doing.没有必要告诉她。_,而在Its important/Its necessary/Its advisable/Its essential/Its fitting 这类句型中，只能用不定式，如：Its important to learn foreign languages.Its quite necessary to read it many times.,There is no point doing such a silly thing.,There is no need to tell her.,二、功能及用法(作主语),提示：当动名词用作主语时，其逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。1)我姐姐病了，使我很担心。My sisters being ill made we worried.2)你正确未必就意味着我错了。Your being right doesnt necessarily mean _.,my being wrong,二、功能及用法(作主语),动名词作宾语有两种情况。一是有些动词只能后接动名词作宾语；二是有些动词既可后接动名词也可后接不定式作宾语。只能后接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有avoid，consider，enjoy，keep，finish，suggest，dislike，delay，escape，cannot help，imagine，mind，miss，practise，cannot stand等。如：1)我不能不去。I cant avoid going2)你是否考虑过找一位挚友?Have you considered _ one special friend?,二、功能及用法(用作宾语),looking for,3)我们必须设法避免犯同样的错误。We must try to _ the same mistake4)晚饭后你想和我一起散步吗?Do you _ with me after supper?5)人们忍不住嘲笑那个愚蠢的人。People _ foolish man 这类动词还有：excuse，fancy，give up，put off，risk等。,二、功能及用法(用作宾语),avoid repeating,feel like having a walk,couldnt help laughing at that,既可接动名词又可接不定式作宾语的动词，常见的有：begin，start，continue，like，love，prefer，by，mean，forget，remember，hate等。A在like，love，hate，prefer等动词之后，用-ing或不定式意义上没有什么不同，只是侧重点有些不同，动名词表示泛指的动作，不定式表示具体的一次性动作。B在begin/start，continue之后，用动名词和不定式，意义无甚区别，尤其是当主语是人的时候。C在动词forget，remember，regret之后，用动名词与不定式意义不同。动名词表示动作先于谓语发生，不定式表示后于谓语动作，如：,二、功能及用法(用作宾语),I remember posting the letter我记得我已把信寄了。2)Ill remember to post the letter我会记着去寄信的。3)I shall never forget seeing the famous writer_4)Dont forget to write to your mother_ 5)我真后悔没赶上那次报告会。_6)我遗憾地告诉你我不能接受你的建议。_,二、功能及用法(用作宾语),我永远不会忘记见到过那位著名作家。,不要忘了给你母亲写信。,I regret missing the report,I regret to say I cant take your advice,D在try，mean之后，意义各不相同，如try to do(设法)，try doing(试试)，mean to do(打算，有意要做)，mean doing(意思是，意味着)。如：1)我们必须设法及时把一切搞好。We must try to get everything done in time2)我们用别的方法做这工作试试。Lets try doing the working in some other way3)I didnt mean to make you angry_4)Your plan would mean spending hours_,二、功能及用法(用作宾语),我并不想叫你生气。,你的计划意味着要花费几个小时。,E go on doing 和go on to dogo on doing继续做一直在做的事；go on to do接着做另一件事。如：1)请接着做这同一个练习。_ the same exercise2)请做另外一个练习。_ the other exerciseFstop doing与stop to do:Stop doing停止做，stop to do停下正在干的事去干另一件事。如：我们停止了交谈。_我们停了下来去谈话。_,二、功能及用法(用作宾语),Please go on doing,Please go on to do,We stopped talking,We stopped to talk,3作介词宾语.动名词可与介词一起构成介词短语。A介词+动名词，如：1)我们得想些法子改变人们的习惯。Weve got to think of ways of changing peoples habits.2)我向你道歉，刚才对你那样生气。I apologize _ so angry with you.3)离开几年之后再回到你生长的地方，感觉有点怪。_ away for several years，it is a strange experience to return to the place you were born and brought up,二、功能及用法(用作宾语),for being,After being,B动词+介词+动名词，如：1)我坚持为这次出行带足需要的食物。I insist on taking proper food fort his expedition2)同学们脸上没有笑容，相反都做了怪脸。_，each of them made a face她对为我们公司工作很感兴趣。She was very _ for our company下列短语中的to都是介词，所以后面跟名词或-ing形式：devote to，object to，pay attention to，get down to，lead to,look forward to，stick to，be used to等,二、功能及用法(用作宾语),Instead of smiling,interested in working,1._ such heavy pollution already,it may now be too late to clean up the river.(2004全国)A.Having suffered B.Suffering C.That D.Suffered,精析：根据句意“it may now be too late to”和“already”可知“河流已经被严重污染”，应用完成时。答案A。,高考链接,2._ the general state of his health,it may take him a while to recover from the operation.(全国2002)A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given,解析：本题考查过去分词作状语的用法。分析题干，前一部分相当于一个条件状语从句，即If he is given，因为主句是 it，从句应含被动意义，这恰是过去分词作状语的基本含义即含被动意义。答案 A。,3.-The picture _ on the wall is painted by my niece.(2001上海)having hung B.hangingC.hangs D.being hung,解析：本题考查过去分词作定语的用法。分析题目可知，谓语是is painted，那么选项部分应是充当定语的。A项是现在分词的完成式，其一般不作定语，只作时间或原因状语；C项动词“第三人称单数”显然也不能作定语，只作谓语；分析 the picture与动作 hang之间的关系，其不含被动意义，D项排除；B项是现在分词的一般式，相当于定语从句which is hanging。答案B。,3.-The picture _ on the wall is painted by my niece.(2001上海)having hung B.hangingC.hangs D.being hung,解析：本题考查过去分词作定语的用法。分析题目可知，谓语是is painted，那么选项部分应是充当定语的。A项是现在分词的完成式，其一般不作定语，只作时间或原因状语；C项动词“第三人称单数”显然也不能作定语，只作谓语；分析 the picture与动作 hang之间的关系，其不含被动意义，D项排除；B项是现在分词的一般式，相当于定语从句which is hanging。答案B。,see you,1._ such heavy pollution already,it may now be too late to clean up the river.(2004全国)A.Having suffered B.Suffering C.That D.Suffered,2._ the general state of his health,it may take him a while to recover from the operation.(全国2002)A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given,3.-The picture _ on the wall is painted by my niece.(2001上海)having hung B.hangingC.hangs D.being hung,