间充质干细胞的免疫调节作用及临床应用.ppt
Deon 黄庆雷2016年8月24日,间充质干细胞的免疫调节作用及临床应用,间充质干细胞简介间充质干细胞的免疫调节作用的机制间充质干细胞所分泌的细胞因子间充质干细胞免疫调节的可塑性间充质干细胞的临床应用,MSCs的免疫调节作用及临床应用,2006年国际细胞治疗协会对MSCs的定义,Dominici M,Le Blanc K,Mueller I,et al.Minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells.The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement.Cytotherapy 2006;8:315-7.,临床已被批准用作药物的细胞产品或制剂,二、间充质干细胞的免疫调节作用机制,Experimental&molecular medicine 2013.,MSCs exert immunomodulatory effects by both cell-to-cell contacts and by secreting biologically active substances,growth factors,cytokines and chemokines.间充质干细胞通过细胞与细胞间的直接接触,以及分泌生物活性物质,如生长因子,细胞因子和趋化因子等行使其免疫调节的作用。,It should be pointed out that the immunomodulatory effects of MSCs are jointly executed by both secretory factors and direct cell-to-cell contacts.间充质干细胞的免疫调节作用是通过分泌生物活性物质和细胞与细胞之间的直接接触两者联合来起作用的。,A large body of studies also indicates that MSCs possess an immunosuppressive function both in vitro and in vivo.,Direct cell-cell contact,Journal of immunology research,2015,Soluble factors interactions,Stem cell research&therapy 2010,胞外囊泡(EV)具备脂质外膜,能特异性地将“母细胞”中的某些蛋白、RNA 等物质包被其内,并传递至靶细胞中,是细胞间联系的一种重要方式。MSC-EV 是 MSC 在静息、缺氧、饥饿等应激条件下释放的一群异质性囊泡结构,能表达 CD13、CD29、CD44、CD73、CD105 等 MSC 标志分子,包含蛋白、mRNA、微小 RNA(microRNA,miRNA)等物质。,Human gene therapy,2015,26(8):506-517.,MSCs have been shown to exert profound anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects on almost all the cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems via a variety of mechanisms,notably cytokine and chemokine secretion.间充质干细胞具有很强的抗炎作用和显著的免疫调节效果,其通过一系列复杂的调控机制几乎对固有免疫和获得性免疫所有的免疫细胞都具有调节作用,最显著的调节机制是细胞因子和趋化因子的分泌。,Cytokines most commonly do not directly affect the target cells but interact with other biologically active factors to achieve the effect of immunosuppression.细胞因子通常不直接作用于靶细胞,而是通过与其它的生物活性物质相互作用来达到免疫抑制的效果。,Annual review of immunology 2013,细胞因子(cytokine,CK)是一种主要由参与固有免疫和获得性免疫应答的细胞合成分泌的小分子蛋白质,能调节细胞生长,分化成熟,功能维持和免疫应答;参与炎性反应,创伤愈合和肿瘤消长等。,MSCs isolated from different tissues are different in some fine specifics.However,no data have been published describing significant differences in the profiles of secreted cytokines by different types of MSCs.不同组织来源的间充质干细胞在某些特性方面会有不同,但至今还没有文献表明不同组织来源的间充质干细胞在分泌细胞因子方面存在显著差异。,三、间充质干细胞所分泌的细胞因子,Clinical and experimental immunology 2007,Experimental&molecular medicine 2013,MSCs secrete cytokines either“spontaneously”or after induction by other cytokines,the most important being IFN,TNF and IL-1.间充质干细胞分泌细胞因子,或者是“自发的”,或者是通过其它细胞因子诱导活化而产生的,可诱导间充质干细胞激活的最重要的细胞因子有IFN,TNF 和IL-1。,四、间充质干细胞免疫调节的可塑性,MSC-mediated immunosuppression requires preliminary activation of the MSCs by immune cells through the secretion of the proinammatory cytokine IFN,alone or together with TNF,IL-1 or IL-1.间充质干细胞介导的免疫抑制作用需要免疫细胞分泌的促炎因子的激活。,It should be pointed out that MSCs themselves are objects of cytokine regulation.应当明确的是间充质干细胞本身也是细胞因子调节的目标。,Clin Immunol 2013;148:328-34.,Ryan JM et al.Clin Exp Immunol.(2007),Wang et al.Journal of Hematology&Oncology 2012,5:19,五、MSCs临床试验的疾病分类,643 studies found for:mesenchymal stem cell,by 2016/8/24 n=643,BMC medicine,2015,13:186.,MSCs,MSCs参与多种组织损伤修复,the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy,2015,第一,胞外囊泡(EV)更稳定,更好保存,易于管理和控制,可以人为的改变其内容物的种类和数量。第二,EV更安全。EV没有异倍体性的风险。EV体积小,不会像MSC那样容易堵塞血管。MV可以根据需要调节用量。第三,EV能够穿过质膜,并且发生免疫排斥的可能性更小。因此,EV有代替MSC的趋势,从依赖MSC的细胞替代疗法向依赖EV的生物疗法转变。,与MSC相比,EV的优势,MSCs与HSCs共移植可提高移植成功率减少GVHD的发生,MSCs引导HSCs归巢来支持造血,除提供细胞与细胞间接触和分泌生长因子外,MSCs还通过产生归巢受体(基质细胞衍生因子,SDF-1)引导造血干细胞归巢来支持造血。,Nature 2010;466:829-34.,Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 2013,130:131-162,谢谢大家!,Journal of immunotherapy,2016,