计算机介绍英文版.ppt

Teacher:bai yanE-mail:,1,Chapter 1:Introduction to Computers,2,Chapter 1 Objectives,Recognize the importance of computer literacy,Define the term computer and identify its components,Explain why a computer is a powerful tool,Recognize the purpose of a network,Discuss the uses of the Internet and the World Wide Web,Distinguish between installing and running a program,Identify the types of software,Describe the categories of computers,Determine how the elements of an information system interact,Identify the types of computer users,Discuss various computer applications in society,3,A World of Computers,What is computer literacy?,p.5 Fig.1-1,Knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses,Computers are everywhere,4,How is a computer defined?,What Is a Computer?,p.6,Electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory,5,What Is a Computer?,What is the information processing cycle?,p.6 Fig.1-2,InputProcessOutputStorageCommunication,6,The Components of a Computer,What is an input device?,p.7 Fig.1-3,Hardware used to enter dataand instructions,7,The Components of a Computer,What is an output device?,p.8 Fig.1-3,Hardware that conveys information to a user,8,The Components of a Computer,What is the system unit?,p.8 Fig.1-3,Box-like casecontainingelectroniccomponentsused to processdata,9,The Components of a Computer,What are two main components on the motherboard?,p.8,Central Processing Unit(CPU)Also called a processorCarries out instructions that tell computer what to do,MemoryTemporary holding place for data and instructions,10,The Components of a Computer,What is storage?,p.8,Storage mediaPhysical material on which data,instructions,and information are stored,Storage deviceRecords and retrieves items to and from a storage medium,Holds data,instructions,and information for future use,11,The Components of a Computer,What is storage media?,p.8,Digitalcameras,Handheldcomputers,Portable,thin memory cards used in:,12,The Components of a Computer,What is a floppy disk?,p.8 Fig.1-4,Thin,circular,flexible disk enclosed in rigid plastic shell,A USB flash drive is portable,and has much greater storage capacity,13,The Components of a Computer,What is a flash drive?,p.9 Fig.1-5,Provides much greater storage capacity than a floppy disk or Zip disk,Small and lightweight enough to be transported on a keychain or in a pocket,14,The Components of a Computer,What is a flash drive?,15,The Components of a Computer,What is a hard disk?,p.9 Fig.1-6,Provides much greater storage capacity than a floppy disk or USB flash drive,Housed inside the system unit,16,The Components of a Computer,What is a compact disc?,p.9 Fig.1-7,Flat,round,portable metal disc,CD-ROMCD-RWDVD-ROMDVD+RW,17,Why Is a Computer So Powerful?,p.10,What makes a computer powerful?,18,Networks and the Internet,What is a network?,p.10,Communications Media,Communications Device,Collection of computers and devices connected together,19,To share,Networks and the Internet,What are the reasons to network?,p.10,Resources,Hardware devices,Software programs,Data,To save time and money,Information,20,Networks and the Internet,What is a server?,p.10 Fig.1-8,Manages the resources on a network,A client accesses the resources on the server,21,Networks and the Internet,What is the Internet?,p.11 Fig.1-9,Worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of computers,22,Networks and the Internet,p.12 Fig.1-10,Why do users access the Internet?,Information,Shopping,Banking and Investing,Classes,Entertainment,Communications,23,Networks and the Internet,What is the Web?,p.13,A Web site is a collection of related Web pages,A Web page contains text,graphics,sound,video,and links to other Web pages,You can share information by creating Web pages or posting photos on a photo community,Billions of documents,called Web pages,available to anyone connected to the Internet,24,Computer Software,How do you install a software program?,p.14 Fig.1-13,A program is a series of instructions that tells the computer what to do,25,Computer Software,What is system software?,p.15,Operating System(OS)is a set of programs that coordinates all activities among computer hardware devices and allows users to run application software,Utility Programs allow the user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer,its devices or its programs,Programs that control the operations of the computer and its devices,26,Computer Software,What is application software?,p.16 Fig.1-15,Presentation Graphics,Spreadsheet,Database,Word Processing,Programs that perform specific tasks for users,27,Computer Software,What is a programmer?,p.17 Fig.1-16,Someone who developsapplication or system software,Programmer writesinstructions todirect computer toprocess data intoinformation,Javascript program,Resulting Internet application,28,Categories of Computers,p.18,What are the categories of computers?,29,Computer Software,What is a graphical user interface(GUI)?,p.14 Fig.1-14,Allows you to interact with the software using graphics and iconsControls how you enter data and how the screen displays information,30,Personal Computers,What are the two most popular series of personal computers?,p.19 Figs.1-181-19,PC and compatibles use the Windows operating system,Apple Macintosh uses the Macintosh operating system(Mac OS),31,Personal Computers,What is a desktop computer?,p.19 Fig.1-18,Designed so all of the components fit on or under a desk or table,32,Personal Computers,What is a notebook computer?,p.20 Fig.1-20,Portable,small enough to fit on your lapAlso called a laptop computerGenerally more expensive than a desktop computer,33,Handheld Computers,What is a tablet PC?,p.20 Fig.1-21,Especially useful for taking notes,Resembles a letter-sized slate,Allows you to write on the screen using a digital pen,34,Handheld Computers,What are Web-enabled handheld computers?,p.21 Fig.1-23,Allow you to check e-mail and access the Internet,Web-enabled telephone is a“smart phone”,35,Handheld Computers,What is a handheld computer?,p.21,36,Handheld Computers,What is a personal digital assistant(PDA)?,p.21 Fig.1-23,Provides personal organizer functionsCalendarAppointment bookAddress bookCalculatorNotepad,37,Servers,What types of servers are there?,p.22 and 23 Figs.1-251-27,Midrange server Powerful,large computer that supports up to a few thousand computers,Mainframe Very powerful,expensive computer that supports thousands of computers,Supercomputer The fastest,most powerful,most expensive computer.Used for applications requiring complex mathematical calculations,38,Elements of an Information System,What are information system elements?,p.24 Fig.1-28,PeopleProceduresDataSoftwareHardware,39,Examples of Computer Usage,p.25 Fig.1-29,What are five categories of computer users?,40,Examples of Computer Usage,What software is available for a home user?,p.26 Fig.1-30,41,Examples of Computer Usage,p.28 Fig.1-33,Local area network(LAN)Productivity softwareSpecialty softwareWeb usageE-mail,What software is available for a small office/home office(SOHO)user?,42,Hardware,Examples of Computer Usage,What is available for a mobile user?,p.29 Fig.1-35,SoftwareProductivityPresentationPersonal information manager,43,Examples of Computer Usage,What are the needs of the large business user?,p.30 Figs.1-371-40,Web access,Public kiosk,Telecommuting,Network Productivity softwareScheduling,44,Examples of Computer Usage,What are the needs of a power user?,p.32 Fig.1-41,Speed and large amounts of storageTypes of power users,EngineersArchitectsDesktop publishersGraphic artists,45,Computer Applications in Society,What are some examples of computer applications in society?,p.33 Figs.1-421-49,Education,Finance,Government,Healthcare,Science,Publishing,Travel,Industry,46,Summary of Introduction to Computers,The importance of computer literacy,The computer and its components,Why is a computer so powerful?,What is a network?,The Internet and the World Wide Web,Installing and running a program,Types of software,Categories of computers,Elements of an information system,Types of computer users,Computer applications in society,Chapter 1 Complete,