九年级下册英语知识点归纳.doc

Gain calmness, lose calmness, go with the flow, and fight for the inevitability.同学互助一起进步（页眉可删）九年级下册英语知识点归纳 九年级下册英语知识点归纳11. I would rather watch TV shows than sports shows. 我宁愿看电视剧而不愿看运动节目.would ratherthan表 “宁愿而不愿”, 与preferto同义,但它们在结构上不同.前者是 would rather do sth. than do sth.,= would do sth. rather than do sth.;后者是 prefer doing sth. to doing sth. =prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.eg: I would rather stay at home than go out. = I prefer staying at home to going out.= I would stay at home rather than go out.=I prefer to stay at home rather go out.我宁愿呆在家中而不愿出去.2. Was his wife still alive? 他的妻子还活着吗?alive 表 “活着的”, 常修饰人,而不修饰物. 一般作表语或宾补.living 同义, 既可修饰人, 也可修饰物. 在句中既可作定语也可作表语.eg: The old woman is still alive/living.(作表语) 那个老人还活着.The king wanted to keep Gulliver alive.(作宾补) 国王想让格利佛活着.There is no living things on Mars.(作定语) 火星上没有生物.3. She ordered a scorpion to hide in the dark to attack him.order sb. to do sth. 命令/要求某人去做某事order sth for sb./ sth. 为某人/ 某物订购某物eg: The doctor ordered me to stay in bed. 医生命令我好好呆在床上休息.He often orders books for his son. 他经常为他的儿子订书.She ordered a suit for her dog. 她为她的狗订购了一套衣服.4. However, sometimes you do not forgive others.然而, 你有时不会原谅别人.forgive sb. sth. 原谅某人某事forgive sb. for doing sth. 请求别人原谅所做的事eg: She could forgive him anything. 她会原谅他的任何事.Please forgive me for disturbing you. 请原谅我打扰你了.5. But in western countries, dogs are considered honest and good friends of humans但是在西方国家, 狗被认为是诚实的, 是人类的好朋友.honest 用作形容词, 表 “诚实的; 正直的” . 在句中可作定语, 表语或宾补.He is an honest man. = The man is honest.他是一个诚实的人.固定搭配: be honest with sb. 对某人坦诚相待to be honest 说实话, 老实说九年级下册英语知识点归纳2被动语态.被动语态的构成形式be+Vt.p.p.(一).语态是英语动词的一种形式，是用于表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语语态分为主动语态(active voice)和被动语态(passive voice)两种。主动语态是表示主语是动作的执行者。如：1)Yesterday I parked my car outside the school.被动语态是表示主语是动作的承受者。2)A sound of piano is heard in the hall.(二)被动语态的基本时态变化在被动语态的句子中，谓语部分的结构是be+Vtp.p.(及物动词过去分词)。其中be是变量，随时态的变化而变化;动词的过去分词是常量，永远不发生变化。当然，这只是指谓语部分而言。be动词作为一个独立的谓语动词有自己现在分词(being)和过去分词(been)。那么，下面我们来看看be在各种时态中的变化形式：被动语态通常为八种时态的被动形式。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：1)am/is/are+done(过去分词)一般现在时2)has/have been done 现在完成时3)am/is/are being done 现在进行时4)was/were done一般过去时5)had been done 过去完成时6)was/were being done 过去进行时7)shall/will be done 一般将来时8)should/would be done 过去将来时.一般来说，在我们日常生活中，能用主动语态的时候就尽量不去用被动语态。只有在下列情况中我们才用被动语态：英语里被动语态的使用似乎比汉语要广泛。英语的被动语态常用在下列的场合：1)当我们不知道动作的执行者的时候，如：1.Look!Theres nothing here.Everything has been taken away.2.My car has been moved!2)当我们不必提出动作的执行者的时候，如：I was born in 1960.3)当我们强调或侧重动作的承受者的时候，如：She is liked by everybody.特殊的被动结构1)带情态动词的被动结构：它的固定句式为“情态动词+be+过去分词”。也有个别带to的情态动词例外，如：ought to 和have to，它们的被动结构就只能在不定式中。例如：The debt must be paid off before next month那笔债务必须在下个月前付清。2)带有两个宾语的主动语态变成被动语态将这种主动态的句子完成被动态的句子，可选两个宾语中的任何一个作为被动态句子的主语，而将另一个宾语作为“保留宾语”写入被动态的句中。但有一点要说明，那就是，如果你选直接宾语作“主语”，有时要在被动态句子的“保留宾语”前加上合格的介词。因为这些动词常有两种句式，即：我们可以说give sb.sth.,send sb.sth.,buy sb.sth;我们也可以说give sth to sb,send sth to sb buy sth for sb。请看下面两种情况的对照：She sent me a novel on my birthday.I was sent a novel on my birthday.A novel was sent to me on my birthday.3)关于带有复合宾语的主动态变成被动态如果将带有复合宾语(既：宾语+宾语补足语)的主动语态的句子变成被动语态的句子，我们只能选择原来句子的宾语作被动语态句子的主语;而这时，原句里的宾语补足语现在就变成被动语态句子的“主语补足语”了。The story made us laugh.(宾语补足语)We were made to laugh by the story.(主语补足语)4)在使役动词have，make，get以及感官动词see，watch，notice，hear，feel，observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.A stranger was seen to walk into the building.有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词+介词”，“动词+副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.6)非谓语动词的被动语态。v+ing形式及不定式to do也有被动语态 (一般时态和完成时态)。例,I dont like being laughed at in the public.There are two more trees to be planted.九年级下册英语知识点归纳31. by + doing 通过方式如：by studying with a groupby 还可以表示：“在旁”、“靠近”、“在期间”、“用、”“经过”、“乘车”等如：I live by the river. I have to go back by ten oclock.The thief entered the room by the window. The student went to park by bus.2. talk about 谈论，议论，讨论如：The students often talk about movie after class. 学生们常常在课后讨论电影。talk to sb. = talk with sb. 与某人说话3. 提建议的句子：What/ how about +doing sth.?如：What/ How about going shopping?Why dont you + do sth.? 如：Why dont you go shopping?Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why not go shopping?Lets + do sth. 如： Lets go shoppingShall we/ I + do sth.? 如：Shall we/ I go shopping?4. a lot 许多 常用于句末 如：I eat a lot. 我吃了许多。5. tooto 太而不能 常用的句型 too+adj./adv. + to do sth.如：Im too tired to say anything. 我太累了，什么都不想说。6. aloud, loud与loudly的用法三个词都与"大声"或"响亮"有关。aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大,常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级形式。如: He read the story aloud to his son.他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak, talk,laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。如:She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。loudly是副词,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。如: He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。九年级下册英语知识点归纳