船舶管路系统简介.ppt

Pipe Design and Production,Ship Piping Systems,Marine Piping Systems,Bilge System,Bilge System,Bilge System,Basic requirement is to provide effective drainage to all dry spaces and at the same time prevent water from entering the spaces through this system.Discharge of oily water from machinery spaces is to comply with MARPOL Annex 1Oily water is treated in an oily-water separator before being allowed to be discharged.Discharge water must be monitored with purity not to exceed ppm set by MARPOL.,Bilge System,Bilge main diameter,dm,L=length of shipB=Breadth D=Depth,Branch bilge main diameter,db,l=length of compartment,(mm),(mm),Bilge System,Bilge pump capacity,Q,Two bilge pumps are requiredSuctions are arranged such that water can be pumped out when ship is inclined 5Arrangement must be such that water cannot pass from sea or ballast system into dry spaces through the bilge system,(m3/h),Oily-water Separator,Ballast System,Ballast System,Ballast System,For safe operation,at least two ballast pumps are to be connected to ballast tanks.Stripping eductor can also be used for emptying the bilges in cargo holds with 2 non-return valves between hold and systemShip side valve material must not of grey cast iron and to direct mechanical manual operate,Air and Sounding Systems,Purposes目的to secure ventilation of tanks,cofferdam and tunnels to prevent over-pressurizing and vacuum(air pipes)确保舱、围堰、管道通风，避免形成过压或真空（空气管）to ascertain the level of liquid in tanks,cofferdam and tunnels(Sounding pipes)确定舱、围堰、管道液位（测深管）Vent pipes need to prevent flooding of spaces through their upper ends通风管顶部末端要有Vent pipes need to safely prevent flammable liquids or vapours due to their fire hazards,Air and Sounding Systems,Machinery SpacesHeavy fuel oil overflow tank has short self-closing type sounding pipeHFO overflow tank air pipe is led to open deck as required.Lubricating oil sump tank air pipe may end inside machinery space but away from ignition sources,Air and Sounding Systems,Machinery SpacesAir or overflow pipes internal are are normally required to be 1.25 times the area of respective filling pipes for a tank.Velocity in the air pipe is not to exceed 4 m/s when using one pump for one tank.,Air and Sounding Systems,Air and Sounding Systems,Fire-Fighting Systems,Fire-fighting System,Fire-Fighting Systems,Three groups:Fire MainSeawater as fire extinguishing mediumAt least two fire pumps and are located in two different compartmentsAn international shore connection is provided at port and starboard for external water supplySystem is tested with at least streams of water directed from one fire pump.Pressure relief valve is fitted to mains to protect sudden over-pressure.,Fire-Fighting Systems,Three groups:Carbon Dioxide systemDry fire protectionUsed in compartments that have potential for fire:engine room,emergency generator room,paint locker and galley hoodSystem is equipped with audio and visual alarm to alert personnel to evacuatePrior to CO2 release,ventilation fans and fire damper to be shut.,Fire-Fighting Systems,Three groups:Sprinkle systemWet fire protection mainly for accommodation areaSystem is filled with fresh water and pressurized by compressed airSubsequently,water is supplied from fire mainSprinkle and fire main systems are separated by an alarm check valve.When the pressure in the sprinkle drops below the fire main fire pressure,the fire main pressure will overcome the internal pressure of the valve lift and automatically push open to accommodate the fire main.,Fuel Oil Systems,Main concernsFire hazardsFlash pointInsulationRemote control of fuel oil valvesStopping of pumpsCollection of drains from leaksMaterialsFuel oil pipes and their valves and fittings is required to be of steel or other fire-resistance materials,FO Storage and Transfer,FO Storage and Transfer,FO Storage and Transfer,Important concernsOverflow pipesQuick-closing valvesDrain to waste oil tanks(spill trays)Level gauge with heat-resistant glass for soundingRemote control of fuel oil valvesInsulation of hot surfaces where fuel oil leaks(possibly in a spray form)is possible,HFO Settling Tank,HFO Service Tank,Quick-closing Valves,FO Supply to Engine,FO System,FO Supply to Engine,Main componentsStorage(bunkers)Transfer pumpSettling tankHeaterPurifierService tankFilterViscosity controllerReturn Tank(10 to 15 minutes engine operation),HFO Duplex Filter,HFO Transfer Pump,HFO Heater,HFO Separator,HFO Separation System,Diesel Fuel Separation System,Diesel Fuel Separation System,Lubricating Oil Storage and Transfer,Lubricating Oil Storage and Transfer,Main componentsFilling from deck to tanksMain LO storage tank to deliver to ME sump tankQuick-closing valves operable from outside ER where valves are below top of tanks(not applicable for small tanks below 0.5 m3)Air pipes may terminate inside ER provided their openings do not constitute a fire hazardDuplex filters(or self-cleaning)are used without interrupting operations,Lubricating Oil Circulation System,Lubricating Oil Service Tank,Lubricating Oil Pump,Lubricating Oil Filter Self-cleaning,Lubricating Oil Filter Self-cleaning,Lubricating Oil System-Thermostatic Valve,Shell-and-Tube LO Cooler,Lubricating Oil Purifier,Lubricating Oil Purifier,Seawater Cooling System,Seawater Cooling System,ArrangementConventional and Central coolingHigh and low sea chestsSuctions are arranged from two sea inlets preferably on the opposite sides of the shipsFilters can be cleaned without interrupting the water supply in the system.Temperature controlled three-way valves to re-circulate water when the water is cold,Seawater Cooling System,Overboard Discharge,Freshwater Cooling System,Freshwater Cooling System,Freshwater Cooling System,ArrangementFreshwater from engine is delivered to freshwater generator(evaporator)Pressure in the system is regulated by he expansion tankTemperature-controlled three-way valves to allow re-circulation High-temperature circuit(jacket cooler),low-temperature circuit(lubricating oil),Freshwater Generator(Evaporator),Freshwater Cooler(Plate-type),Jacket Water Pump,Freshwater Header Tank,Compressed Air System,Compressed Air System,Normally three systemsStarting airService airControl airRequire two main compressors to charge two air receivers from atmospheric within one hourCapacity of receivers sufficient to produce:12 starts for reversible engines6 starts for non-reversible engines3 starts for auxiliary engines,Compressed Air System,No connections to other machinery between air compressors and main air receivers Emergency air compressor can be diesel driven or power supplied from emergency generatorPressure reduction stations and filters are required to be duplicatesSafety relief valves are fitted at receivers and set at 10%above operating pressureCompressed air line is classes as Class II due to high pressure.,Air Compressors,Air Receivers,Auxiliary Air Receiver,Emergency Air Receiver,Control Air Dryer(Refrigerant-type),Pressure-reducing Station,Domestic Water System,Domestic Water System,Domestic Water System,Freshwater is made by Freshwater generator(evaporator)Delivery of water to accommodation from hydrophore units is by compressed airDomestic water is sterilized before consumptionDomestic water is heated and then circulated(by hot-water circulating pumps)Domestic water is also used by HFO,DO and LO separators,Hydrophoreunit,Domestic Water Heater,Power Generating System,Generator System,Diesel Generator System,Steam System,Steam System,Steam System,Normally divided into:Feed water systemsSteam supplyFor heating tanksFor heating pipelinesTo heat exchangersCondensateHeat of exhaust gas is recovered in economizer to generate steam Diesel propulsion system is normally fitted with an auxiliary boiler,Steam System,Steam with pressure above 7 bar or temperature above 170C are considered Class II piping.Steam with pressure above 16 bar or temperature above 300C is of Class I piping.With respect to materials for valves and fittings in Class II piping system,grey cast iron may not be used up to ND 200,pressure up to 13 bar and temperature up to 250C,Auxiliary Boiler,Cargo Pump Turbine and Condenser,