统编教材九下语文精品课件课外古诗词诵读.ppt
课外古诗词诵读,诗词课题总览,定风波苏轼临江仙夜登小阁，忆洛中旧游陈与义太常引建康中秋夜为吕叔潜赋辛弃疾浣溪沙纳兰性德,定风波,苏 轼,词牌名,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,定风波苏 轼 三月七日，沙湖道中遇雨，雨具先去，同行皆狼狈，余独不觉。已而遂晴，故作此词。莫听穿林打叶声，何妨吟啸且徐行。竹杖芒鞋轻胜马，谁怕？一蓑烟雨任平生。料峭春风吹酒醒，微冷，山头斜照却相迎。回首向来萧瑟处，归去，也无风雨也无晴。,苏轼（10371101），字子瞻，号东坡居士，眉州眉山（今属四川）人。北宋著名文学家、书画家、词人、诗人、美食家，“唐宋八大家”之一，豪放派词人的代表。苏轼是中国文学艺术史上罕见的全才，在诗、词、文、书画方面都是开派的人物。他是中国数千年历史上被公认文学艺术造诣最杰出的大家之一。,三月七日，沙湖道中遇雨，雨具先去，同行皆狼狈，余独不觉。已而遂晴，故作此词。,宋神宗元丰五年（1082）的三月七日，这时苏轼被贬居黄州（今湖北黄冈）。,在黄州东南三十里处。,雨具先前被拿走了。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,莫听穿林打叶声，何妨吟啸且徐行。竹杖芒鞋轻胜马，谁怕？一蓑烟雨任平生。料峭春风吹酒醒，微冷，山头斜照却相迎。回首向来萧瑟处，归去，也无风雨也无晴。,高声吟咏长啸。,蓑衣，用棕制成的雨披。,草鞋。,形容微寒。,此处为方才之意。,指风雨吹打树木的声音。,三月七日，在沙湖道上赶上了下雨，雨具先前被拿走了，同行的人都觉得很狼狈，只有我不这么觉得。过了一会儿天晴了，就做了这首词。不必去理会那穿林打叶的雨声，不妨一边高声吟咏长啸，一边悠然地行走。竹杖和草鞋轻捷,得更胜过马，怕什么！一身蓑衣，足够在风雨中过上它一生。略带寒意的春风将我的酒意吹醒，寒意初上，山头初晴的斜阳却殷殷相迎。回头望一眼走过来遇到风雨的地方，我信步归去，既无所谓风雨，也无所谓天晴。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,这首词通过野外途中偶遇风雨这一生活中的小事，于简朴中见深意，于寻常处生奇景，表现出作者旷达超脱的胸襟，寄寓着他超凡脱俗的人生理想。,词作首句“莫听穿林打叶声”，一方面渲染出雨骤风狂，另一方面又以“莫听”二字点明外物不足萦怀之意。“何妨吟啸且徐行”，是前一句的延伸。“何妨”二字透出一点俏皮，更增加挑战色彩。首两句是全篇枢纽，以下词情都是由此生发。“竹杖芒鞋轻胜马”，写词人竹杖芒鞋，,顶风冲雨，从容前行，以“轻胜马”的自我感受，传达出一种搏击风雨、笑傲人生的轻松、喜悦和豪迈之情。“一蓑烟雨任平生”，此句更进一步，由眼前风雨推及整个人生，有力地强化了作者面对人生的风风雨雨而我行我素、不畏坎坷的超然情怀。,上片着眼于雨中，下片着眼于雨后。下片前三句，是写雨过天晴的景象。既与上片所写风雨对应，又为下文所发人生感慨做铺垫。结尾一句饱含人生哲理意味的点睛之笔，道出了词人在亲历、目睹大自然奇妙变幻后，一瞬间的顿悟和启示：自然界的雨晴既属寻常，毫无差别，社会人,生中的政治风云、荣辱得失又何足挂齿？句中“萧瑟”二字，意谓风雨之声，与上片“穿林打叶声”相应和。“风雨”二字，一语双关，既指野外途中所遇风雨，又暗指几乎致他于死地的政治“风雨”和人生险途。全词体现出一个正直文人在坎坷人生中力求解脱之道，诠释着作者的人生信念，展现着作者的精神追求。,临江仙夜登小阁，忆洛中旧游,陈与义,词牌名,指洛阳,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,临江仙夜登小阁，忆洛中旧游陈与义 忆昔午桥桥上饮，坐中多是豪英。长沟流月去无声。杏花疏影里，吹笛到天明。二十余年如一梦，此身虽在堪惊。闲登小阁看新晴。古今多少事，渔唱起三更。,陈与义（10901138），字去非，号简斋，河南洛阳（今属河南）人。宋代杰出诗人。以诗著名，号为“诗俊”。原属江西诗派。宋室南渡后，诗风有了明显转变，由描写个人生活情趣转而抒发爱国思想，由清新明净趋向沉郁悲壮。其词意境与诗相近，有清婉奇丽的特点，而豪放处又接近苏轼。有简斋集无住词等。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,忆昔午桥桥上饮，坐中多是豪英。长沟流月去无声。杏花疏影里，吹笛到天明。二十余年如一梦，此身虽在堪惊。闲登小阁看新晴。古今多少事，渔唱起三更。,在洛阳城南十里。,月光随着流水悄悄地消逝。,二十多年来的经历（包括北宋亡国的大变乱）。,总是心战胆跳。,渔歌在夜半响起。,回忆年轻时在午桥桥上酣饮，坐中多是杰出的才俊。月光随长沟水波奔涌，流去悄然无声。对着杏花疏落的清影，我们吹笛直到天明。二十余年如同梦境，此身劫后虽存，每想起一切，只觉得魄悸魂惊！如今我闲登小楼，观赏雨后初晴的月夜美景，感叹古今有多少兴亡旧事，都付与渔父歌唱在三更。,这首词是作者晚年追忆洛中朋友和旧游而作，作品通过上下两片的今昔对比，委婉曲折地表达对南宋王朝弥漫着投降主义倾向与统治者苟且偷安的行径所生发出的难以抑制的蔑视与不屑之情。,词作上片写对已经沦落敌国之手的家乡以及早年自在快乐生活的回顾。“忆昔”领起，所展现的是当年英豪酣饮欢乐的生活画面，照应了题目中的“忆洛中旧游”。“坐中多是豪英”，桥下长沟，桥畔杏花，桥上明月，构成一幅雅人高士夜饮图。,下片宕开笔墨回到现实，概括词人踏上仕途后所经历的颠沛流离和国破家亡的痛苦生活，融入其中的不只是作者个人身世的感伤，更有国土沦丧、时局艰危的忧愤。“古今”句写古往今来多少兴亡之事尽付渔唱樵歌，外表超脱放达，而内心深处十分感伤，传达出超越时空的历史感慨，使全词的意蕴更加深广厚重。,太常引建康中秋夜为吕叔潜赋,辛弃疾,词牌名,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,太常引建康中秋夜为吕叔潜赋辛弃疾 一轮秋影转金波，飞镜又重磨。把酒问姮娥：被白发、欺人奈何？乘风好去，长空万里，直下看山河。斫去桂婆娑，人道是，清光更多。,辛弃疾（11401207），南宋词人。字幼安，号稼轩，历城（今山东济南）人。历任江阴签判，建康通判，江西提点刑狱，湖南、湖北转运使，湖南、江西安抚使等职。一生力主抗金北伐，并提出有关方略，均未被采纳。其词热情洋溢、慷慨激昂，富有爱国感情。有稼轩长短句存世。,一轮秋影转金波，飞镜又重磨。把酒问姮娥：被白发、欺人奈何？乘风好去，长空万里，直下看山河。斫去桂婆娑，人道是，清光更多。,形容月光浮动，亦指月光。,飞天之明镜，指月亮。,即嫦娥，传说中月宫的仙女。,砍。,树叶扶疏的样子。,一轮缓缓移动的秋月洒下万里金波，就像那刚磨亮的铜镜又飞上了天廓。我举起酒杯问那月中的嫦娥：怎么办呢？白发日增，好像故意欺负我。我要乘风飞上万里长空，俯视祖国的大好山河。还要砍去月中摇曳的桂树枝柯，人们说，这将使月亮洒下人间的光辉更多。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,这首词通过古代的神话传说，强烈地表达了自己反对妥协投降、立志收复中原失土的政治理想。,词的上片，词人巧妙地运用神话传说构成一种超现实的艺术境界，以寄托自己的理想与情怀。作者在中秋之夜，对月抒怀，很自然地想到与月有关的神话传说：吃了不死之药飞入月宫的嫦娥，以及月中高五百丈的桂树。词人运用这两则有关月亮的神话传说，借以表达自己的政治理想和阴,暗的政治现实的矛盾。辛弃疾一生以恢复中原为己任，但残酷的现实使他的理想不能实现。想到功业无成、白发已多，作者怎能不对着皎洁的月光，迸发出摧心裂肝的一问：“被白发，欺人奈何？”这一句有力地展示了英雄怀才不遇的内心矛盾。下片，作者发挥想象，直入月宫，并幻想砍去遮住月光的桂树。想象更加离奇，更加远离,尘世，但却更直接、强烈地表现了词人的现实理想与为实现理想的坚强意志，更鲜明地揭示了全词的主旨。全词的思路有四个层次，先是直接描写月亮及其辉光，随后向嫦娥发问，不见回音就乘风登月，登月后大刀阔斧砍去桂树，让清光普照大地，使祖国治愈创伤。,浣溪沙,纳兰性德,浣溪沙纳兰性德 身向云山那畔行。北风吹断马嘶声。深秋远塞若为情！一抹晚烟荒戍垒，半竿斜日旧关城。古今幽恨几时平！,纳兰性德（16551685），原名纳兰成德，因避讳改名性德，字容若，号楞伽（ln ji）山人。清代满族词人。与朱彝尊、陈维崧并称“清词三大家”。词集有侧帽集饮水词。康熙二十一年（1682）八月，他受命赴梭龙（黑龙江流域）巡边，十二月还京。此篇大约作于此行中。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,身向云山那畔行。北风吹断马嘶声。深秋远塞若为情！一抹晚烟荒戍垒，半竿斜日旧关城。古今幽恨几时平！,那边。,谓北风的吼声使马嘶声也听不到了。,何以为情。此处意谓面对如此深秋野塞又是怎样的情怀呢！,边防驻军的营垒。戍，保卫。,关塞上的城堡。,我向着那高耸入云的方向前进，北风呼啸，淹没了战马的嘶鸣声，深秋远远的边塞，使人不禁情伤！一抹晚烟袅袅升起，在这边地的城堡上显得尤其荒凉。夕阳西下，斜斜地照射在山海关城头的旗杆上。古往今来胸中的怨恨何时能平！,这是一首边塞词。词作通过刻画“北风”“晚烟”“戍垒”“斜日”等边塞之景，将塞外的荒凉和词人内心的悲怆合二为一，凄凉中透露着一种历史的厚重感和今古之悲。,“身向云山那畔行”，起句点明此行之目的地。“北风”言明时节为秋，边地北风，从来都音声肃杀，听了这肃杀之声，只会使人愁绪纷乱，心情悲伤。而纳兰在此处云“北风吹断马嘶声”，听闻如此强劲，如此凛冽的北风，作者心境若何，可想而知。难怪他会感慨“深秋远塞若为情”。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,下片，前两句以简古疏墨之笔勾勒了一幅充满萧索之气的战地风光图。结尾“古今幽恨几时平”，极写出塞远行的清苦和古今幽恨，既不同于遣戍关外的流人凄楚哀苦的呻吟，又不是卫边士卒万里怀乡之浩叹，而是纳兰对浩渺的宇宙，纷繁的人生以及无常的世事的独特感悟。全篇除,结句外皆出之以景语，描绘了深秋远寒、荒烟落照的凄凉之景，而景中又无处不含悠悠苍凉的今昔之感，可谓景情交融。最后“古今幽恨几时平”则点明主旨。,
