纪大学英语读写教程第三课件.ppt

,Unit 3:Text A,21st Century College English:Book 2,The Tale of a Cultural Translator,Unit Three:Text A,Lead-in Activities Text Organization Reading and Writing Skills Language Points Guided Practice Assignment,Lead-in Activities,What kind of qualifications should be required to do well in a foreign company?Whats cross-cultural communication?List some conflicts caused by different cultures.How to solve the problem of conflicts?Do you think language and culture are closely related?Why?,Questions for Discussion,I.Introduction of the topic:cultural differences conflicts need for a cultural translator,II.An example:Georges story,III.Conclusion:The first thing you need for the problems in a joint venture is a cultural translator.,The structure of Text A,Para.1,Paras.211,Para.12,Text Organization,The article includes several paragraphs in which the author starts with a general observation and then presents a series of examples to illustrate his point.(para.3,9)The meaning of idiomatic expressions can be very hard to guess.Word formation clues dont always help,and can even mislead us entirely!But effective readers dont give up on the first try.They keep reading,in search of context clues examples,explanations,contrasts or parallel phrases that can help them figure out the meaning of idiomatic expressions.,Reading&Writing Skills,The Tale of a Cultural Translator1Joint ventures involving Western and Japanese companies often run into conflicts a multitude of little things that escalate into big emotional battles in which all the parties keep exclaiming:“Whats wrong with them!?Can they understand that?!”But because the conflicts are mainly due to cultural differences,neither side can understand unless they have a“cultural translator”.,Intensive Study,2The first cultural translator I ever met was an installation engineer,George by name,who worked for an American company where I was the director of international operations.The company had just started a joint venture with a Japanese firm,and the American management needed someone to train the Japanese employees in its unique technology.Georges solid understanding of the equipment,its installation and use made him the best-qualified employee for the job,so everyone was happy when George accepted a two-year contract for temporary transfer to Japan.,Intensive Study,3From the start,George was well accepted by all the Japanese employees.Japanese managers often distrust anyone sent to represent US owners,but George was so naturally nonassertive that no one could see him as a threat to their careers.So they felt comfortable asking his advice on a wide range of matters,including the odd behavior of their partners across the ocean.Engineers throughout the company appreciated Georges expertise and his friendly and capable help,and they got into the habit of turning to him whenever they had a problem any problem.And the secretaries in the office were eager to help this nice bachelor learn Japanese.,Intensive Study,4Sooner than anyone expected,the company became a profitable,thriving and growing venture.Georges first two-year contract came to an end.By then,he could speak good Japanese,and had picked up Japanese habits.He drank green tea at all hours,ate rice at every meal and had even learned to sit properly on Japanese tatami mats.So when George was offered a second two-year Japanese contract,he accepted at once.Another contract followed,and Georges love affair with Japanese culture continued.,Intensive Study,5But as Georges sixth year in the country was coming to an end,an unexpected difficulty became apparent:The Japanese engineers had surpassed George in their knowledge of the rapidly-changing technology.He had nothing left to teach them.6Was this the end for poor George?Was there nothing more he could offer to the now-matured joint venture he had served so loyally?Would he have to leave the country he had come to love?No!Faced with the threat of an unwilling departure from Japan,George reinvented himself as a“cultural translator”.,Intensive Study,7The idea came to George one day when the Japanese joint-venture president was again offended by a message from the American management.As usual in such situations,he stormed into Georges office and threw the message in front of him in a fury.And George,as usual,read the message and explained in his calm manner what the Americans had really meant by it,not what it sounded like in the context of Japanese culture.,Intensive Study,8Fortunately for everyone,both the Japanese and American sides of the joint venture had heard enough horror stories about cultural conflicts to recognize the value of Georges skills,so when he proposed this new position for himself,the idea was quickly approved.The wisdom of this decision was proved again and again over the years.,Intensive Study,9At times something far more important than good English was needed.One such case was when the Japanese accountant had to explain the$46,534 spent on 874 December-holiday presents.Or there was the time when the Japanese personnel manager had to justify keeping a chemist on the payroll even though the company no longer needed his expertise.In cases like these,everyone turned to George.,Intensive Study,10Somehow or other,he made their messages sound at least halfway sensible to Americans.And when there was something that even George couldnt“translated”into American-style sense,he would write,“This will sound crazy,but you should go along with it anyway.,Intensive Study,11It worked the other way around,too.When the American managers visited Japan,George accompanied us everywhere to ensure that we dont do or say anything too stupid from the Japanese viewpoint.Whenever we did that anyway,he came to the rescue at once:“What they really mean is”Whole multitudes of difficulties never arose thanks to Georges skill at smoothing over small conflicts before they became big,emotional and costly.,Intensive Study,12Since leaving that company in Georges capable hands,Ive advised many firms on international operations.And my first recommendation is always the same:Dont worry about language problems the first thing you need is a cultural translator.(776 words),Intensive Study,run into meet by chance;encounter unexpectedly,e.g.I ran into Joe yesterday on Main street.After a promising start,the company ran into debt.,Translate如果你不当心，会碰到麻烦的。,KeyYou will run into trouble if you dont take care.,a multitude of little things that escalate into big emotional battles in which all the parties keep exclaiming:“,a multitude of a very large number of,e.g.We have to face a multitude of problems.New talents have emerged in multitudes in theatrical circles.,More to learn,a multitude of little things that escalate into big emotional battles in which all the parties keep exclaiming:“,e.g.The UN must do something before the war escalated beyond control.The inflation rate has been escalating in many Asian countries.,escalate v.increase in intensity,degree,or amount;make or become greater or more serious,More to learn,e.g.A third party from outside the village was brought in as a witness.,party n.person or people forming one side in a legal agreement or conflict,a multitude of little things that escalate into big emotional battles in which all the parties keep exclaiming:“,transfern.the process by which sb.or sth.moves or is moved from one place,job,etc.to another,e.g.David was fed up with his job in London so he asked for a transfer to the Paris office.,TranslateBlakes transfer to an Italian football club came as a shock to all his supporters.,Key布莱克转会到一个意大利足球俱乐部令他的所有拥护者大为震惊。,accept(sb.)v.think of(sb.)as part of the group and treat him in the same way as other members of it;treat(sb.)as welcome,e.g.The children gradually began to accept her.He was never really accepted by his fellow workers.,but George was so naturally nonassertive that no one could see him as a threat to their careers.,Paraphrase the sentence:?,George was by nature so easy and modest that his presence in the joint venture didnt pose any threat to the positions of Japanese managers and employees,get into the habit of doing sth.start to do sth.so often that it becomes a habit,e.g.Hes got into the habit of switching on the TV as soon as he gets home.I got into the habit of studying in the library when I was in college.,Fill in the blankOnce _(他养成了用筷子吃饭的习惯),he preferred them to a knife and fork.,hed got into the habit of eating with chopsticks,come to an endstop;finish,e.g.The teams run of success seems to come to an end.And here the story come to an end.,TranslateWhen this temporary job comes to an end,hell be unemployed again.,Key这份临时工作干完以后，他就又失业了。,pick uplearn or acquire easily without making much effort,e.g.George picked up a few Japanese phrases when he was on a business trip to Tokyo.We need someone who will pick the job up quickly.,Translate我不知道孩子们上哪儿学到这些无礼的字眼的！,KeyI dont know where my children have picked up those rude words!,at all hoursat any time;all the time,e.g.The restaurant serves meals at all hours.She is inclined to telephone at all hours of the day or night.,TatamiTatami is a rectangular mat used as a floor covering in Japanesehouses.It consists of a thick strawbase and a soft,finely woven rushcover with cloth borders.A tatamiMeasures approximately 6 by 3 feet(180 by 90 cm)and is about 2 inches(5 cm)thick.,Text-related information,surpassv.be even better or greater than;go beyond,e.g.The latecomers surpass the early starters.,Translate你的优异表现已经超出了所有人的期望。,KeyYour excellent performance has surpassed everyones expectations.,be faced withbe confronted with;be made to meet(sth.bad or difficult),e.g.Faced with the threat of losing their jobs,the workers on strike decided to go back to work.He is faced with a difficult choice after graduation:to go back to his hometown or stay in the big city.,Fill in the blank_(面临严重的财政问题),the company had to lay off some of the workers.,Faced with severe financial problems,George reinvented himself as a“cultural translator”.,Translate the sentence:?,乔治将自己重新塑造成了一名“文化翻译”。,e.g.My last question is again a somewhat personal one.Again,thats very impossible.,The adverb again can be used to indicate and emphasize a similarity between the situation,action or subject that is happening or being discussed now and a previous one.,when the Japanese joint-venture president was again offended by a message from the American management.,stormv.move or walk quickly and noisily in an anger,e.g.After the argument she stormed off.He stormed round the house in a rage.,The wisdom of this decision was proved again and again over the years.,Paraphrase the sentence:?,The decision(to act as a cultural translator)was proved sensible by one incident after another during all these years.,justifyv.give good reasons for/to do(sth.),e.g.Its hard to justify making everyone wait for so long.,Translate你怎能为这样对待你的母亲而辩护？,KeyHow can you justify yourself for treating your mother like that?,Somehow or other,he made their message sound at least halfway sensible to Americans.,somehow or other in some way;in one way or another,e.g.Somehow or other,we will get the machine working again.Dont keep the secret from him;he will know it somehow or other.,More to learn,e.g.Any halfway decent teacher should be able to explain it.He halfway surrendered to their demands.,Somehow or other,he made their message sound at least halfway sensible to Americans.,The word halfway is used as an adverb to mean fairly or reasonably.,go along with agree with;accept;support,e.g.Shell go along with your decision.Well go along with your suggestions,although theyre not exactly what we want.,It worked the other way around,too.,Paraphrase the sentence:?,It was also effective with messages from the American management to the Japanese.,ensurev.make sure,guarantee,e.g.This letter will ensure you an interview.The door did not lock,but at least it ensured a reasonable amount of privacy.,TranslateThis medicine will ensure you a nights good sleep.,Key这药可以保证你一夜好睡。,e.g.Thanks to a cool summer,our electricity bills have been very low.The play was a great success thanks to the effort and commitment of everyone involved.,Cf.due tobecause ofe.g.It is reported that accidents due to driving at high speed have increased a lot.,thanks to because of;owing to;with the help of,More to do,1.The big emotional battles are mainly _ cultural differences.2.One company I worked for avoided this entire problem _ the sensitivity of one of their employees.,V.Study the use of“due to”and“thanks to”and then use them to complete the following sentences.,due to,thanks to,Exercises Vocabulary,读写教程 II:Ex.V,p.79,3._ circumstances beyond our control,the store will be closed for the entire month of August.4._ effort and good will of everyone involved,the Christmas party was a great success.,Due to,Thanks to,V.Study the use of“due to”and“thanks to”and then use them to complete the following sentences.,Exercises Vocabulary,5.All flights have been delayed _ a thick fog.6._ the publics generous donations,the earthquake victims were able to rebuild their homes within two months.,due to,thanks to,V.Study the use of“due to”and“thanks to”and then use them to complete the following sentences.,Exercises Vocabulary,smooth overmake(problems or difficulties)seem less serious or more pleasant,e.g.Perhaps a gift of flowers will help to smooth your quarrel over.,Translate比尔试图平息和妻子的争吵。,KeyBill tried to smooth over his argument with his wife.,Guided Practice,VocabularyClozeTranslationStructure Writing,1.We expected Ellen to do well,but when she got straight As she _ all our expectations.,Vocabulary,2.You made a good decision,and I thoroughly _ of it.,III.Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the form where necessary.,surpassed,approved,3.They arrived at the stadium three hours early to _ that theyd get good seats.,Vocabulary,4.The company is now _ thanks to the skillful management and outstanding technology.,III.Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the form where necessary.,ensure,thriving,5.The directors disagreement rapidly _ into a fight,so the meeting became more exciting than anyone had expected.,Vocabulary,6.As a junior member of the schools teaching staff,Janet didnt feel _ to discuss the issue with the principal.,III.Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the form where necessary.,escalated,qualified,7.The 20-year-old tennis players dream is to _ China at the next Olympics.,Vocabulary,8.It was becoming _ that the elderly chemists skills were no longer needed.,III.Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the form where necessary.,represent,apparent,9.I dont understand how you can _ spending money on space exploration when there are hungry children in the world.,Vocabulary,10.Many of the _ that spring from cultural differences can be avoided if you keep an open mind.,III.Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the form where necessary.,justify,conflicts,From e