非谓语动词：动词ing形式.ppt

Grammar Non-finite Verbs,学习重点：1.非谓语动词的种类;时态和语态2.用法3.考点,1.我看见那个男孩在吃苹果.I saw the boy eating an apple.2.在树下坐着的那女孩是我姐姐.The girl sitting under the tree is my sister.3.学习对现代生活很重要Learning is important to modern life动词ing 形式表示:1.主动;进行 2.泛指,没有特别时间意义或习惯性长期性动作构成:V-ing 形式由“doing”构成，其否定形式:“not doing”,V-ing 是可以带宾语或状语构成 V-ing 短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。,动词ing,(not)doing,(not)being done,(not)having done,(not)having been done,动词-ing 形式的分一般式和完成式:,1.一般式:表示这个的动作正在进行或与谓语表示的动作同时发生.,2.完成式:强调这个的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前完成.,如:他们有说有笑地走出教室They went out of the classroom,talking and laughing.由于已经在这个城市住了三年,她对它非常了解.Having lived in this city for three years,she knows it very well.,观察句子，找特点.游泳是她最喜欢的体育运动。Swimming is her favorite sport.我记得上星期给他发过一份电子邮件。I remembered sending him an e-mail last week.他们住在一所朝南的房子里。They lived in a house facing south.我看见那个男孩在吃苹果 I saw the boy eating an apple.5.她的工作是保持 房间干净 Her job is keeping the room clean.6.由于已经在这个城市住了三年,她对它非常了解.Having lived in this city for three years,she knows it very well.,3,1,2,5,6,4,1 动词-ing形式可直接置于句首作主语。百闻不如一见。Seeing is believing.=To see is to believe.2 为了保持句子平衡，通常用先行词it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在句末。争论这事是浪费时间。Its a waste of time arguing about it.,必背动词-ing形式作主语的几个常用句型。Its no good talking to him.和他谈话是没有用的。It is useless telephoning him.He is not willing to come.给他打电话没用。他不愿意来。Its worth making an effort.努力一下是值得的。There is no saying when it will stop raining.无法断定这场雨什么时候会停。There is no joking about such matters.这种事开不得玩笑。,1 表示主语的内容Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible.她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。2 表示主语具有的特征(动词ing 相当一个形容词）The problem is quite puzzling.这个问题很令困惑。,1.Her work is _(look)after the children.2.My aim is _(go)to Tsinghua University.3.One of my bad habit is _(bite)nails（指甲）.,动词-ing形式既可作及物动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语。1 能用动词-ing形式作宾语的及物动词可分两类，一类是只能用动词-ing形式作宾语，另一类是既可用动词-ing形式作宾语，也可用不定式作宾语。只能用-ing形式作宾语的动词(这类动词只能用-ing形式作宾语，不能用不定式作宾语。)Fancy meeting you here!想不到在这儿见到你了！I suggest doing it in a different way.建议用另一种方法做这件事。,既可用动词-ing形式作宾语，也可用不定式作宾语这类动词虽然既能用-ing形式作宾语，也能用不定式作宾语，但用法并不相同，主要有以下几种情况：有些动词，如attempt,continue,hate,intend,like,love,prefer等，后面接动词-ing形式或不定式区别不是很大。They prefer spending/to spend their summer vacation in Dalian.他们更喜欢在大连度暑假。I intend to buy/buying an English-Chinese dictionary.我想买一本英汉词典。提示应尽量避免接连出现两上动词-ing形式。I am starting to learn Russian.我开始学俄语。避免说：I am starting learning Russian.我开始学俄语。,只能接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词：建议冒险去献身，忍受期待不停顿；放弃延期悔失去，坚持欣赏实践成；注意原谅避反对，考虑要求不自禁；允许习惯不介意，价值开始想动名。,1.He was in low spirits and even consider _(go)away.2.Practise _(put)your hand to the ground.3.I cant help _(have)the trip to Britain.4.Dont tell me you always escape _(fine)because you have a fast sports car.5.Leave off _(bite)your nails!6.He didnt feel like _(work),so he suggested _(spend)the day in the garden.7.You certainly mustnt miss _(see)the wonderful film.,going,putting,having,being fined,biting,working,spending,seeing,8.The doctor advised _(stay)longer in hospital.9.We appreciate your _(want)_(help)us in our difficulties.10.Michael has delayed _(write)to her till today.11.The law forbids _(sell)liquor to children.12.They all suggested _(give)more chances.13.Can you imagine _(leave)standing outside for a whole night.14.They built the banks to prevent the area from _(flood).,s,s,8.The doctor advised _(stay)longer in hospital.9.We appreciate your _(want)_(help)us in our difficulties.10.Michael has delayed _(write)to her till today.11.The law forbids _(sell)liquor to children.12.They all suggested _(give)more chances.13.Can you imagine _(leave)standing outside for a whole night.14.They built the banks to prevent the area from _(flood).,s,8.The doctor advised _(stay)longer in hospital.9.We appreciate your _(want)_(help)us in our difficulties.10.Michael has delayed _(write)to her till today.11.The law forbids _(sell)liquor to children.12.They all suggested _(give)more chances.13.Can you imagine _(leave)standing outside for a whole night.14.They built the banks to prevent the area from _(flood).,s,8.The doctor advised _(stay)longer in hospital.9.We appreciate your _(want)_(help)us in our difficulties.10.Michael has delayed _(write)to her till today.11.The law forbids _(sell)liquor to children.12.They all suggested _(give)more chances.13.Can you imagine _(leave)standing outside for a whole night.14.They built the banks to prevent the area from _(flood).,s,9.We appreciate your _(want)_(help)us in our difficulties.8.The doctor advised _(stay)longer in hospital.10.Michael has delayed _(write)to her till today.11.The law forbids _(sell)liquor to children.12.They all suggested _(give)more chances.13.Can you imagine _(leave)standing outside for a whole night.14.They built the banks to prevent the area from _(flood).,to help,staying,wanting,writing,selling,giving,leaving,being flooded,必背只接动词-ing形式而不接不定式作宾语的动词有：admit 承认 appreciate 感激 avoid 避免put off 推迟 keep 保持 consider 考虑delay 耽搁 dislike 嫌恶 resist抵制mention 提及 enjoy 喜欢 escape 避免excuse 原谅 practice 练习 mind介意fancy想不到 feel like 意欲 finish 完成risk 冒险 include 包括 forgive 原谅give up 放弃 suggest 建议 miss 逃过 imagine 设想 cannot help 情不自禁,1.感官动词(see,hear,notice,watch,feel,smell,look at,listen to,observe)/find等词+sb+doing sthWe heard the children shouting upstairs.我们听见孩子们在楼上叫喊。I felt my heart beating violently.我觉得我的心在猛烈地跳动。,2.感官动词(see,hear,notice,watch,feel,smell,look at,listen to,observe)+sb+do sth(用动词原形时，表示动作的全过程.)He saw a girl getting on the bus.他看见一个女孩在上公共汽车。He saw a girl get on the bus and drive off.他看见一个女孩上公共汽车后开走了。,3 have,get,leave,keep,set,catch(等表示“致使”的动词)+sb/sth+doing sth(作宾补）They should not leave us wondering what they will do next.他们不应该不让我们知道他们下一步要做什么。I wont have you running about in the room.我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。We kept the fire burning all night long.我们让火整夜燃烧着。点拨；如果宾语补足语是一系列的动作，通常只能用不定式来表示，不用动词-ing形式。I saw him enter the room sit down and light a cigarette.我看见他走进房间，坐了下来，点燃了一根香烟。,1 单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。a reading room=a room which is used for reading running shoes=shoes for running a working method=a method of working,表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。developing countries=countries that are developing发展中国家an ordinary-looking house=a house that looks ordinary看起来很普通的房子a puzzling problem=a problem that puzzles somebody困扰人的问题,阅览室,跑鞋,工作方法,2 作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面。They lived in a house facing south.他们住在一所朝南的房子里。3 某些情况下，动词-ing形式不能用来作定语，必须用定语从句。作定语的动词-ing形式表示的动作要与主句谓语的动作同时发生，如两者不能同时发生的话，则需使用定语从句。【误】The professor coming here yesterday will give us a lecture.【正】The professor who came here yesterday will give us a lecture.昨天来的教授将要给我们作一个讲座。,动词-ing形式的完成式一般只用来作状语，不作定语。【误】The temple having been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.正】The temple which has been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.被地震毁坏的庙宇很快就要重建了。,动词-ing形式可以作状语，在句中表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。动词-ing形式作时间、原因、条件、让步状语时多位于句首；作结果、伴随情况状语时常位于句末。1 表示时间，相当于一个时间状语从句。Having made full preparations,we are ready for the examination.我们已经作好了充分准备，现在可以应考了。(=After we have made full preparations.)2 表示原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。Being ill,he didnt go to school yesterday.由于生病，他昨天没有上学。(=Since he was ill.),3 表示结果，相当于一个并列谓语。His father died,leaving him a lot of money.=and left him a lot of money.他父亲死了，留给他许多钱.4 表示条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。Working hard at your lessons,you will succeed.=If you work hard at your lessons.如果你努力学习，就一定能成功。5 表示让步，相当于一个让步状语从句。Knowing all this,they made me pay for the damage.=Although they knew all this.尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。,e.g._a reply,he decided to write a sixth letter.A.Not receiving B.Not to receive C.Not having received D.Having not received,e.g.Having finished my homework,I went to watchTV.,C,没收信的动作发生在决定写信这一动作之前所以应该用having done;此题又是表否定含义，分词的否定式为not doing/not having done;故选 c,6 表示行为方式、伴随情况或补充说明，相当于一个并列结构。He lay on the grass,staring at the sky for a long time.=.and stared at the sky for a long time 他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。,-ing 形式,-ing 形式主要考查其在句子中作定语和状语的用法,A,He rushed to the train station,only _ the train had gone.,A.finding B.found C.finds D.to find,D,Making it the popular sport in the world为现在分词短语作结果状语，这类分词短语常放在句子的后面,v-ing表示顺其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎意料。如：,His parents died,leaving him an orphan.,He rushed to the post office only to find it was closed,动 词-ing 形 式 的 逻 辑 主 语,动词-ing形式作主语时，其逻辑主语对于谈话双方是不言而喻的。Reading aloud is very helpful.朗读是很有好处的。(Reading aloud的逻辑主语是泛指任何人，因而无需表达出来)点拨:如果作主语的动词-ing形式需要自己的逻辑主语时，一般用物主代词或名词所有格(即名词后加s)His fathers falling ill worried him greatly.他父亲生病使他很着急。(his father是falling ill的逻辑主语),动词-ing形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。What worries me most is her staying too late every night.(staying too late every night的逻辑主语是her),动词-ing形式作定语时，其逻辑主语就是它修饰的名词。an interesting book 一本有意思的书=a book that interests its readersa running stream 一条奔流的小溪=a stream that is running,如果动词-ing形式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者，就要用-ing形式的被动式。正在北京召开的会议非常重要。The meeting _(hold)in Beijing now is of great importance(the meeting和“举行”之间的关系是被动的，同时此动作正在进行，所以用being held),being held,_(see)from the mountain,we can see the river running through the city.I am looking forward to _(see)you again.The boy was lucky enough to escape _(punish)I apologize to you for _(tell)you the truth immediately.Its no use _(try)to make me believe you.The girl _(sit)under that tree is my sister._(lose)her new bicycle made Mary so upset._(receive)a reply,he decided to write again.I smell something _(burn)tin the kitchen.Can I call you back in a minute?(2007 全国卷）Toms _(attend)the meeting made everyone there very happy.The teacher asked me _(hand)in my homework.We dont allow _(smoke),so you must go to the smoking room.We dont allow you _(smoke)here.Nobody are allowed _(smoke)here.,Seeing,seeing,being punished,not telling,trying,siting,Losing,Not having received,burning,attending,to hand,smoking,to smoke,to smoke,1.Since I dont know her address,I cant get in touch with her.2.We have come here in order that we can improve our English.3.They came into the room and they were singing and dancing.4.When she heard the news,she couldnt help laughing.5.After he closed the windows,he went home.6.When we had finished the work,we went out to play.7.If the weather permits,well go out on an outing.8.That Sam came to school late made his teacher quite angry.,Task:change the following sentences into simple ones.,Not knowing her address,To improve our English,we have come here.,They came into the room,singing and dancing.,Hearing the news,she,Having closed the windows,Having finished the work,we,Weather permitting,Sams coming to school late made his teacher quite angry,Bye-bye,